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P.

P (pē), the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Phœnician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient, receive. See B, F, and M.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 247, 248, and 184- 195.

Pa (pä), n. A shortened form of Papa.

Pa"age (pā"&asl;j; 48), n. [OF. paage, paiage, F. péage, fr. (assumed) LL. pedaticum, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Pedage, Pedal.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll for passage over another person's grounds. [Written also peage and pedage.] Burke.

||Paard (pärd), n. [D., a horse.] The zebra. [S. Africa]

Paas (päs), n. Pace [Obs.] Chaucer

Paas (p&add;s), n. [D. paash. See Pasch.] The Easter festival. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Paas egg. See Easter egg, under Easter.

Pab"u*lar (?), a. [L. pabularis.] Of, pertaining to, or fit for, pabulum or food; affording food.

Pab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr. pabulum food. See Pabulum.]

1. The act of feeding, or providing food. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.]

Pab"u*lous (?), a. [L. pabulosus.] Affording pabulum, or food; alimental. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pab"u*lum (?), n. [L., akin to pascere to pasture. See Pastor.] The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum.

Pac (?), n. A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the upper. Knight.

Pa"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.) A small South American rodent (Cœlogenys paca), having blackish brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its sides; the spotted cavy. It is nearly allied to the agouti and the Guinea pig.

Pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pacare to pacify.] Placable. [R.] Coleridge.

Pa*cane" (?), n. (Bot.) A species of hickory. See Pecan.

Pa"cate (?), a. [L. pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See Pay to requite, Peace.] Appeased; pacified; tranquil. [R.]

Pa"ca*ted (?), a. Pacified; pacate.

Pa*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacatio.] The act of pacifying; a peacemaking. Coleridge.

Pace (?), n. [OE. pas, F. pas, from L. passus a step, pace, orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. pandere, passum, to spread, stretch; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas, Pass.] 1. A single movement from one foot to the other in walking; a step.

2. The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; -- used as a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty paces. "The heigh of sixty pace ." Chaucer.

&fist; Ordinarily the pace is estimated at two and one half linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping, the pace is extended to three feet (one yard) or to three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The regulation marching pace in the English and United States armies is thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double time. The Roman pace (passus) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot when it next touched the ground, five Roman feet.

3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick pace. Chaucer.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
Shak.

In the military schools of riding a variety of paces are taught.
Walsh.

4. A slow gait; a footpace. [Obs.] Chucer.

5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack.

6. Any single movement, step, or procedure. [R.]

The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is to fall into confidence with Spain.
Sir W. Temple.

7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any part of a floor slightly raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at the upper end of a hall.

8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the warp in pacing the web.

Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel between the spot where one foot is set down and that where the same foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or by some at four feet and two fifths. See Roman pace in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] -- To keep, or hold, pace with, to keep up with; to go as fast as. "In intellect and attainments he kept pace with his age." Southey.

Pace (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacing (?).] 1. To go; to walk; specifically, to move with regular or measured steps. "I paced on slowly." Pope. "With speed so pace." Shak.

2. To proceed; to pass on. [Obs.]

Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace.
Chaucer.

3. To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack.

4. To pass away; to die. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pace, v. t. 1. To walk over with measured tread; to move slowly over or upon; as, the guard paces his round. "Pacing light the velvet plain." T. Warton.

2. To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground.

3. To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the pace; to break in.

If you can, pace your wisdom
In that good path that I would wish it go.
Shak

To pace the web (Weaving), to wind up the cloth on the beam, periodically, as it is woven, in a loom.

Paced (?), a. Having, or trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; -- used in composition; as, slow- paced; a thorough-paced villain.

Pa"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, paces; especially, a horse that paces.

Pa*cha" (?), n. [F.] See Pasha.

||Pa`cha*ca*mac" (?), n. A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of the universe.

||Pa*chak" (?), n. (Bot.) The fragrant roots of the Saussurea Costus, exported from India to China, and used for burning as incense. It is supposed to be the costus of the ancients. [Written also putchuck.]

Pa*cha"lic (?), a. & n. See Pashalic.

||Pa*chi"si (?), Par*che"si (&?;), n. [Hind., fr. pachis twenty-five, the highest throw in the game.] A game, somewhat resembling backgammon, originating in India.

Pa*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. pa`chos thickness + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter.

||Pa*chon"ta (?), n. (Bot.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra acuminata.

Pach"y- (?). [Gr. &?; thick.] A combining form meaning thick; as, pachyderm, pachydactyl.

Pach`y*car"pous (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Having the pericarp thick.

Pach`y*dac"tyl (?), n. [Pachy- + dactyl.] (Zoöl.) A bird or other animal having thick toes.

Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having thick toes.

Pach"y*derm (?), n. [Cf. F. pachyderme.] (Zoöl.) One of the Pachydermata.

Pach`y*der"mal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, pachydermal dentition.

||Pach`y*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick-skinned; pachy`s thick + &?; skin.] (Zoöl.) A group of hoofed mammals distinguished for the thickness of their skins, including the elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is now considered an artificial group.

Pach`y*der"ma*tous (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the pachyderms.

2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.

Pach`y*der"moid (?), a. [Pachyderm + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Related to the pachyderms.

Pach`y*glos"sal (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; tongue.] (Zoöl.) Having a thick tongue; -- applied to a group of lizards (Pachyglossæ), including the iguanas and agamas.

Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis (?), n. [Pachy- + meningitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain.

Pa*chym"e*ter (?), n. [Pachy- + -meter.] Same as Pachometer.

Pach"y*ote (?), n. [Pachy- + Gr. &?;, &?;, ear.] (Zoöl.) One of a family of bats, including those which have thick external ears.

Pac"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable.

Pa*cif"ic (?), a. [L. pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See Pacify.] Of or pertaining to peace; suited to make or restore peace; of a peaceful character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, pacific words or acts; a pacific nature or condition.

Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and Asia, so called by Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; -- called also, simply, the Pacific, and, formerly, the South sea.

Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet; peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.

Pa*cif"ic*a*ble (?), a. Placable. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Pa*cif"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Pa*cif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See Pacify.] The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between parties at variance; reconciliation. "An embassy of pacification." Bacon.

Pa*cif"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, pacifies; a peacemaker. Bacon.

Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. pacificatorius.] Tending to make peace; conciliatory. Barrow.

Pac"i*fi`er (?), n. One who pacifies.

Pac"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pacified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacifying (?).] [F. pacifier, L. pacificare; pax, pacis, peace + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and -fy.] To make to be at peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or importunity. "Pray ye, pacify yourself." Shak.

To pacify and settle those countries.
Bacon.

Pa*cin"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician of the 19th century.

Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies terminating some of the minute branches of the sensory nerves in the integument and other parts of the body. They are supposed to be tactile organs.

Pack (?), n. [Cf. Pact.] A pact. [Obs.] Daniel.

Pack, n. [Akin to D. pak, G. pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakki, Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm. pak. Cf. Packet.]

1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back; a load for an animal; a bale, as of goods. Piers Plowman.

2. [Cf. Peck, n.] A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; hence, a multitude; a burden. "A pack of sorrows." "A pack of blessings." Shak.

&fist; "In England, by a pack of meal is meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs." McElrath.

3. A number or quantity of connected or similar things; as: (a) A full set of playing cards; also, the assortment used in a particular game; as, a euchre pack. (b) A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together. (c) A number of persons associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves. (d) A shook of cask staves. (e) A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling simultaneously.

4. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely. Kane.

5. An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of treatment.

6. [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS. p&?;can to deceive.] A loose, lewd, or worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.] Skelton.

Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule, etc., employed in carrying packs. -- Pack cloth, a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering packs or bales. -- Pack horse. See Pack animal (above). -- Pack ice. See def. 4, above. -- Pack moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Anacampsis sarcitella) which, in the larval state, is very destructive to wool and woolen fabrics. -- Pack needle, a needle for sewing with pack thread. Piers Plowman. -- Pack saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on a pack animal. Shak. -- Pack staff, a staff for supporting a pack; a peddler's staff. -- Pack thread, strong thread or small twine used for tying packs or parcels. -- Pack train (Mil.), a troop of pack animals.

Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.] [Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See Pack, n.] 1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish.

Strange materials packed up with wonderful art.
Addison.

Where . . . the bones
Of all my buried ancestors are packed.
Shak.

2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater.

3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly.

And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.
Pope.

4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.

The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of Italian bishops.
Atterbury.

5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]

He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies.
Fuller.

6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a horse.

Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey.
Shack.

7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off to school.

He . . . must not die

Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven.
Shak.

8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]

9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack, n., 5.

10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the piston of a steam engine.

Pack, v. i. 1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.

2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well.

3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to pack. [Eng.]

4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.

Poor Stella must pack off to town
Swift.

You shall pack,
And never more darken my doors again.
Tennyson.

5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak.

To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him packing." South.

Pack"age (?), n. 1. Act or process of packing.

2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods.

3. A charge made for packing goods.

4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.

Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.

Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]

1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of letters. Shak.

2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.

Packet boat, ship, or vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet note or post. See under Paper.

Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.] 1. To make up into a packet or bundle.

2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.

Her husband
Was packeted to France.
Ford.

Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.

Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.

Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.

Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods.

Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who packs.

2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically (Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a) A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc.

3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]

4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale.

Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston. -- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients.

Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (&?;). One who bears a pack; a peddler.

{ Pack saddle, Pack thread }. See under 2d Pack.

Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax.

Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.

{ Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), } n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]

1. (Zoöl.) Same as Alpaca.

2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure.

Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. &?;, Skr. pāca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.

The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the constitution.
Burke.

Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement; a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp. Sanderson.

Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or agreement. [R.] Johnson.

Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands.

Pa"cu (?), n. (Zoöl.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu), of the family Characinidæ. It is highly esteemed as food.

Pad (?), n. [D. pad. √21. See Path.] 1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison

An abbot on an ambling pad.
Tennyson.

3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a footpad. Gay. Byron.

4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]

Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]

Padding the streets for half a crown.
Somerville.

Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.

2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.] 1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.

2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.

3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.

4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising.

5. (Zoöl.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.

6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.

7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc.

8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck. W. C. Russel.

9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.] Simmonds.

Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.

Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.] 1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.

2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth. Ure.

Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.

Pad"der (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pads.

2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]

Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.

2. The material with which anything is padded.

3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc. London Sat. Rev.

4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.

Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw. √21.] 1. To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc.

As the men were paddling for their lives.
L'Estrange.

While paddling ducks the standing lake desire.
Gay.

Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling (?)] 1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.

To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.
Shak.

2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.

3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.] 1. An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats.

2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.

Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.
Deut. xxiii. 13.

3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.

4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- also called clough.

5. (Zoöl.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.

6. A paddle-shaped implement for stirring or mixing.

7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.]

Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers. [Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. -- Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.

Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zoöl) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill sturgeon.

Pad"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles.

Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks.

Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zoöl.) A toad or frog. Wyclif. "Loathed paddocks." Spenser

Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool.

Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]

1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]

2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn. Cowper.

Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish; vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons." Motley.

Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.

Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay pādī.] (Bot.) Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies.

Paddy bird. (Zoöl.) See Java sparrow, under Java.

Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.

||Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also padelle.

Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Wallaby.

Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy.

Padge, n. (Zoöl.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. [Prov. Eng.]

||Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. pādishāh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia.

Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.] 1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc.

2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.

Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.

Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag." Macaulay.

Pad"ow (?), n. (Zoöl.) A paddock, or toad.

Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under Paddock.

||Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See Patron.] 1. A patron; a protector.

2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.

3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.

Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F. pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]

Pa*du"cahs (p&adot;*dū"k&adot;z), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (-k&adot;). (Ethnol.) See Comanches.

Pæ"an (pē`an), n. [L. paean, Gr. paia`n, fr. Paia`n the physician of the gods, later, Apollo. Cf. Pæon, Peony.] [Written also pean.] 1. An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities.

2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public pæans of congratulation." De Quincey.

3. See Pæon.

Pæ`do*bap"tism (pē`d&osl;*băp"t&ibreve;z'm), n. Pedobaptism.

Pæ`do*gen"esis (pē`d&osl;*j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s), n. [Gr. pai^s, paido`s, child + E. genesis.] (Zoöl.) Reproduction by young or larval animals.

Pæ`do*ge*net"ic (-j&esl;*n&ebreve;t"&ibreve;k), a. (Zoöl.) Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.

Pæ"on (pē"&obreve;n), n. [L. paeon, Gr. paiw`n a solemn song, also, a pæon, equiv. to paia`n. See Pæan.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, pæan.]

Pæ"o*nine (pē"&osl;*n&ibreve;n), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also red coralline.

Pæ"o*ny (pē"&osl;*n&ybreve;), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

Pa"gan (pā"gan), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false gods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew.

Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man.
Shak.

Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.

Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions.

And all the rites of pagan honor paid.
Dryden.

Pa"gan*dom (-dŭm), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.]

{ Pa*gan"ic (p&adot;*găn"&ibreve;k), Pa*gan"ic*al (-&ibreve;*kal), } a. Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of the goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Pa"gan*ish (pā"gan*&ibreve;sh), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old paganish idolatry." Sharp

Pa"gan*ism (-&ibreve;z'm), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.

Pa*gan"i*ty (p&adot;*găn"&ibreve;*t&ybreve;), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan; paganism. [R.] Cudworth.

Pa"gan*ize (pā"gan*īz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism. Hallywell.

Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.

Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.

Page (pāj), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. paidi`on, dim. of pai^s, paido`s, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. puer. Cf. Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doing errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy employed to wait upon the members of a legislative body.

He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one.
Bacon.

2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.

4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack.

5. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus Urania.

Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.

Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact, Pageant, Pagination.]

1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.

Such was the book from whose pages she sang.
Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.

3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.

Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript; to furnish with folios.

Pag"eant (păj"ent or pā"jent; 277), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a book.]

1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played." Shak.

To see sad pageants of men's miseries.
Spenser.

2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or display.

The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day !
Pope.

We love the man, the paltry pageant you.
Cowper.

Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp." Dryden.

Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He pageants us." Shak.

Pag"eant*ry (-r&ybreve;), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectively; spectacular quality; splendor.

Such pageantry be to the people shown.
Dryden.

The pageantry of festival.
J. A. Symonds.

Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.

Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page.

||Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. Paginæ (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus.

Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal books." Sir T. Browne.

Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.

Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.

Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.] 1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope.

2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.] 1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.

2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.

3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.

Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.

||Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form.

Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.

Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah.

Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.
Shak.

||Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New Zealand.] Farrow.

Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands.

Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi.

||Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.

Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes.

Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney.

2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.

Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to teach, fr. &?;,&?;, a boy.] The science or art of teaching.

Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, and pygil.]

||Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama.

Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. pægel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. pægel half a pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.

Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (&?;). The quantity that a pail will hold. "By pailfuls." Shak.

Pail*lasse" (?; F. &?;), n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]

Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.]

Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. &?; penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish, Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty. Chaucer.

We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him.
Bacon.

Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.
Dryden.

None shall presume to fly, under pain of death.
Addison.

2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer.

&fist; Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.

3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.

She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her.
1 Sam. iv. 19.

4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.

In rapture as in pain.
Keble.

5. See Pains, labor, effort.

Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.] 1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).

2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.

Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us.
Locke.

3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents.

I am pained at my very heart.
Jer. iv. 19.

To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might." Chaucer.

Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture.

Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pénible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.]

The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and painable for being composed of gold or silver.
Evelyn.

Pain"ful (?), a. 1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing. Addison.

2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service; a painful march.

3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.

A very painful person, and a great clerk.
Jer. Taylor.

Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.
Dryden.

Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous.

-- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n.

Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham.

Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. - - Pain"less*ness, n.

Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.

And all my pains is sorted to no proof.
Shak.

The pains they had taken was very great.
Clarendon.

The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled.
Dryden.

Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work. Gay.

Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. "Painstaking men." Harris.

Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance. Beau. & Fl.

Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains or care bestowed.

Paint (pānt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.] [OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. of peindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, pictum; cf. Gr. poiki`los many-colored, Skr. piç to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture, Pigment, Pint.] 1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc.

Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.
2 Kings ix. 30.

2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.

Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.
Shak.

Cuckoo buds of yellow hue
Do paint the meadows with delight.
Shak.

3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.

4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.

Disloyal?
The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.
Shak.

If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.
Pope.

Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe.

Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well.

2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.

Let her paint an inch thick.
Shak.

Paint, n. 1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface.

2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.

Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.

As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
Coleridge.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted bunting.

Painted beauty (Zoöl.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zoöl.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zoöl.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath.

Paint"er (pānt"&etilde;r), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. pantière, LL. panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. panqh`ra; pa^s all + qh`r beast; cf. Ir. painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything. Totten.

Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zoöl.) The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.

Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.

Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.

Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of a visage." Sir P. Sidney.

Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br. Gardiner.

Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.

2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.

4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.

Syn. -- See Picture.

Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless patience." Savage.

Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.

Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant]

Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.]

Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.
Beau. & Fl.

2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes.

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen.

4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The hapless pair." Milton.

5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows.

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]

7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.

&fist; Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair.

Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.]

Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."

Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.

My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.
Rowe.

3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.

To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6.

Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.

Glossy jet is paired with shining white.
Pope.

2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant]

Paired fins. (Zoöl.) See under Fin.

Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.

2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i.

Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.

Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.

||Pa`is (?), n. [OF. puïs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; the people of the neighborhood.

&fist; A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.

||Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, &?;ative.] (Zoöl.) The chaparral cock.

Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.

Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.

Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong.

Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang]

Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, &?; which Augustus had his residence. Cf. Paladin.]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer.

2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.

Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.

Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.

Pa"læ*o- (?). See Paleo-.

Pa`læ*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`læ*o*graph"ic (&?;), a., etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

Pa"læ*o*type (?), n. [Palæo- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. -- Pa`læ*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa`læ*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

||Pa*læs"tra (?), n. See Palestra.

Pa*læs"tric (?), a. See Palestric.

Pa*læ`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in palætiology.

Pa*læ`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Palæo- + ætiology.] The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth. -- Pa*læ`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.

||Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the palm.] (Zoöl.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.

||Pal`a*me"de*æ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.

Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.

||Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga, phalanga a pole, Gr.&?; ] (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.

Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya&?;ka, palya&?;ka, bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a&?;ka a hook, flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]

Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.

Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable advice.

Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness.

Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner.

Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.

2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.

Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.

Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize.

Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.] 1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth.

&fist; The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum.

2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.

Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests.
Pope.

3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.

4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.

Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.

Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond.

Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow.

Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.

Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.

Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See Palace, and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges.

Count palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. -- Palatine hill, or The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the Cæsars. See Palace.

Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count.

2. The Palatine hill in Rome.

Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.

Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.

Pal"a*tine n. (Anat.) A palatine bone.

Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative delights." Sir T. Browne.

Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#), n. J. Peile.

Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in palatolingual.

||Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The posterior nares. See Nares.

Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed.

Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]

1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.

2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.

This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers.
Carlyle.

Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully.

Palavering the little language for her benefit.
C. Bront&?;

Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.

Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. pâle, fr. pâlir to turn pale, L. pallere to be o&?; look pale. Cf. Appall, Fallow, pall, v. i., Pallid.]

1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

Speechless he stood and pale.
Milton.

They are not of complexion red or pale.
T. Randolph.

2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon.

The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;
It looks a little paler.
Shak.

&fist; Pale is often used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc.

Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.

Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.

Apt to pale at a trodden worm.
Mrs. Browning.

Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

The glow&?;worm shows the matin to be near,
And gins to pale his uneffectual fire.
Shak.

Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol&?; a stake, and lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.

Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down.
Mortimer.

2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay.

4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.

5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.

6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.

7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.

English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.

Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.

[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in
With rocks unscalable and roaring waters.
Shak.

||Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. Paleæ (-ē). [L., chaff.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.

2. (Zoöl.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.

Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or consisting of paleæ, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.

Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.

Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.] 1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser.

2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.

||Pa`le*ëch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.] (Zoöl.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also Palæechini. [Written also Palæechinoidea.]

Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.

||Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.] (Zoöl.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Palæichthyes.]

Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.

Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De Colange.

Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.

The blood the virgin's cheek forsook;
A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look.
Pope.

Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras.

Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. &?;, adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; as, palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also palæo-.]

Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany.

Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.

||Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?;, &?;, &?;, a kind of crustacean.] (Zoöl.) Same as Merostomata. [Written also Palæocarida.]

||Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.

Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; ice.] Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.

Pa`le*o*gæ"an (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; the eart] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also palæogæan.]

Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript.

Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.

{ Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. paléographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography.

Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer.

Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. paléographie.] 1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic paleography.

2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.

||Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. Paleolæ (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.) A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.

Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the Paleolithic era.

Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings.

Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.

Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; archæology .

Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.

Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; existing things + -graphy.] The description of fossil remains.

Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. -- Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. paléontologiste.] One versed in paleontology.

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; existing things + -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist.

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.

Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.

Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France." D. Wilson.

Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. paléothère.] (Paleon.) Any species of Paleotherium.

Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. paléothérien.] (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.

||Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; beast.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama. [Written also Palæotherium.]

Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.

Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See Palæotype.

Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; life, fr. &?; to live.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology.

Pa`le*o*zo*öl"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.

Pa`le*o*zo*ö"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zoölogy.] The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.

{ Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy }, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

{ Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Palestine.

Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. Palestræ (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL., fr. L. palaestra, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to wrestle.] [Written also palæstra.] (Antiq.) (a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.

{ Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), } a. [L. palaestricus, Gr. &?;] Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.

Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea.

||Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, -- of varying fashion.

Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.]

1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments. [Written also pallet.]

2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.

3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill.

Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture. Fairholt.

Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise.

Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL. palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. &?; along, beside + L. veredus a post horse.]

1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.

2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.

Call the host and bid him bring
Charger and palfrey.
Tennyson.

Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.

Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave.

||Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus.

Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. pāli row, line, series, applied to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.

Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes of the septa in corals.

Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; to speak.] (Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.

Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. &?; scratched or scraped again, &?; a palimpsest; &?; again + &?; to rub, rub away: cf. F. palimpseste.] A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.

Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. &?; running back again; &?; again + &?; to run: cf. F. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel.

{ Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.

Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes.

Pal"ing (?), n. 1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure.

They moved within the paling of order and decorum.
De Quincey.

2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]

||Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis.

{ Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), } n. [Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; birth: cf. F. palingénésie. See Genesis.]

1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in different manner or form.

2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in zoölogy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.

Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic process. - - Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; a song. See Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.

2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.

Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction. J. Q. Adams.

Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.

Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of Æneas.] (Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass

Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata, palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a stake.] 1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.

2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.

Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. -- Palisade worm (Zoöl.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal.

Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades.

Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. (Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground.

Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (&?;). A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.

Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.

Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan.

Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b) Rosewood.

Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry.

Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief.

||Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. pālkī; of the same origin as E. palanquin.] A palanquin. Malcom.

Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl.

Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. pæl, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.] 1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.

His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold.
Spenser.

2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).

3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium.

About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into England, -- the one for London, the other for York.
Fuller.

4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y.

5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.

Warriors carry the warrior's pall.
Tennyson.

6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the chalice.

Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak

Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] [Either shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. pâlir to grow pale. Cf. Appall, Pale, a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.

Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,
Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense.
Addisin.

Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer.

Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments.
Atterbury.

2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.

Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.

||Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with brooches.

Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.

Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious compounds.

Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.

Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Pallas.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy.

2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a safeguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. Blackstone.

Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.

Pal*la"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]

Pal"lah (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large South African antelope (Æpyceros melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok.

Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.

Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.

Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. &?; fine meal, dust, Skr. pala straw, palāva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton.

Pal"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.

Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.] 1. (Paint.) Same as Palette.

2. (Pottery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.

3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands.

4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack. Knight.

5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.

6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.

7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.

8. (Zoöl.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.

9. A cup containing three ounces, -- &?;ormerly used by surgeons.

Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zoöl.) Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See Illust. of Bivalve.

Pallial chamber (Zoöl.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial sinus (Zoöl.), an inward bending of the pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.

Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak.

Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]

1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse.

Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the garment.] 1. Covered with a mant&?;e; cloaked; disguised. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palliating(?).] 1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.]

Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat.
Sir T. Herbert.

2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.

They never hide or palliate their vices.
Swift.

3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.

To palliate dullness, and give time a shove.
Cowper.

Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate, Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench.

Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.] 1. The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices.

2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.

3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being covered or disguised. [Obs.]

Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate.

Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W. Scott.

Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating.

Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See pale, a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid blue. Spenser.

Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness.

Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner.

Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.

||Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Brachiopoda.

Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.) Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.

||Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(&?;), E. Palliums (#). [L. See Pall the garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a Greek garment.

2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a pall.

&fist; The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle of a bird.

Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.

Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.

Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.] Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. Taylor.

Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. &?;, akin to Skr. pāni hand, and E. fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist.

Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm.
Tennyson.

2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height.

&fist; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc.

3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.

4. (Zoöl.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers.

5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.

Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]

1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palmæ or Palmaceæ; a palm tree.

&fist; Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto.

2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.

A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands.
Rev. vii. 9.

3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.

So get the start of the majestic world
And bear the palm alone.
Shak.

Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lævis), having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zoöl.), the common paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zoöl.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (Elæis Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See Elæis. -- Palm swift (Zoöl.), a small swift (Cypselus Batassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zoöl.), any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvæ bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Phœnix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy. -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoöl.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil. (b) A centipede.

Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.] 1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior.

2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.

They palmed the trick that lost the game.
Prior.

3. To impose by fraud, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with off.

For you may palm upon us new for old.
Dryden.

Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling, palms.

||Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]

Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm.

Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F. palmaire.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand.

2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.

||Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zoöl.) One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.

Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar.

Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy; preëminent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne.

Pal"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]

{ Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), } a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm of a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]

1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread.

2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers. Gray.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc.

Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner.

Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than halfway to the common center.

Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common center.

{ Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), } a. [L. palmatus palmate + secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.

Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version, note.)

Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms.

Palmed deer (Zoöl.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.

Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice.

Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer.

Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together.
P. Plowman.

The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the palmer to all.
T. Staveley.

Palm"er (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A palmerworm.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. (Angling) Short for Palmer fly, an artificial fly made to imitate a hairy caterpillar; a hackle.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.

Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the honeysuckle ornament.

Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the Chamærops, or Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage.

Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.

Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic acid. [Obsoles.]

||Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zoöl.) A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.

Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf. F. palmifère.] Bearing palms.

Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.] (Zoöl.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.

Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b) Ricinolein. [Obs.]

Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmipède.] (Zoöl.) Web-footed, as a water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.

||Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Natatores.

Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices palmistry Bp. Hall.

Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.] 1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.

2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.

Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.

Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making brushes.

Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62° C.

Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl tripalmitate.

Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid.

Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.

Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.

Palm"y (?), a. 1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope.

His golden sands and palmy wine.
Goldsmith.

2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.

In the most high and palmy state of Rome.
Shak.

Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.

Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.) An annelid (Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pacific Islands, where it is collected for food.

||Pa`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zoöl.) A pompano.

Palp (pălp), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zoöl.) Same as Palpus.

Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]

To bring a palpèd darkness o'er the earth.
Heywood.

Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch. Arbuthnot.

Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel, stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak.

Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,
Palpable darkness.
Milton.

2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.

[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable.
Shak.

-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.

Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.] 1. Act of touching or feeling.

2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

||Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zoöl.) One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi.

||Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. Palpebræ (#). [L.] (Zoöl.) The eyelid.

Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palpébral.] Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

Pal"pe*brate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having eyelids.

Palped (pălpt), a. (Zoöl.) Having a palpus.

||Pal"pi (păl"pī), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zoöl.) See Palpus.

Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zoöl.) One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antennæ, and long maxillary palpi.

Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Palpiger.

Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zoöl.) Having the form of a palpus.

Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zoöl.) That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.

Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zoöl.) Bearing a palpus. Kirby.

Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing; trembling. Carlyle.

Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement.

Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.

Palp"less (?), a. (Zoöl.) Without a palpus.

Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zoöl.) A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.

||Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zoöl.) A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The consort or widow of a palsgrave.

Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie, F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3.

Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait.

Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze.

Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paltering.] [See Paltry.] 1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.

Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter.
Shak.

Who never sold the truth to serve the hour,
Nor paltered with eternal God for power.
Tennyson.

3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal statutes." Beau. & Fl.

Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson.

Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.

Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner.

Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry.

Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (&?;); superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper.

The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost.
Byron.

Syn. -- See Contemptible.

Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, - udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.]

Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy districts.

Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum.

||Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta (&?;). (Rom. Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.

||Pal`u*dic"o*læ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.

Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zoöl.) Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicolæ

||Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. Paludinæ (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, under Pond.

Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a marsh. Buckland.

Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.

2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.

Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy places; marshy.

Pal"ule (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Palulus or Palus.

||Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.] (Zoöl.) Same as Palus.

||Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zoöl.) One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals.

Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]

Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.

Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. Whittier.

Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. palé. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately.

Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zoöl.) Same as Pompano.

Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.

Pampas cat (Zoöl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zoöl.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus, campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.

Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe thick pap, and E. pap.]

1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T. Dwight.

2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; to pamper the imagination. South.

Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. -- Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

||Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.

Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (&?;). [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.] 1. A writing; a book. Testament of love.

Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third.
Ascham.

2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.

Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. Macaulay.

Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets.

By pamphleteering we shall not win.
C. Kingsley.

Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.

Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.

Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; forward + &?; finger.] (Zoöl.) Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.

{ Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?) }. [Gr. &?;, m., &?;,neut., gen. &?;, all.] Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous.

Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.] 1. A part; a portion.

2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.

3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver.

Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W. panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Pan (?), n. [Hind. pān, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See &?;etel.

||Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.

Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E. paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl or a pan." Chaucer.

2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under Vacuum.

3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

5. (C&?;rp.) A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.

7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.

Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical. Ridley. Southey.

Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining) To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan. [U. S.]

We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.
Gen. W. T. Sherman.

Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; -- usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U. S.]

Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.

Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; all-healing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to heal.]

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.

Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean dews." Whitehead.

Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.

A panache of variegated plumes.
Prescott.

{ Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), } n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]

Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan- .] Of or pertaining to both North and South America.

Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the Pan- Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking.

Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak.

Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.]

Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch.

Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan&?;oi.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic.

Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium.

Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; all- powerful.] (Opt.) Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.

{ Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [See Pancratium.] Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast.

||Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a complete contest, fr. &?; all-powerful; &?;, &?;, all + &?; strength.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling.

2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; flesh, meat: cf. F. pancréas.] (Anat.) The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus.

Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancréatique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments.

Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.

Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.

&fist; By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin.

Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pan"da (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India.

||Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." Macaulay.

Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift.

Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.]

Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.]

Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan.

Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.

Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. &?; all-receiving, all-containing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to receive: cf. F. pandectes, pl.] 1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.

[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book.
Donne.

2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the people: cf. F. pandémique.] Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic disease. Harvey.

Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; a demon.] 1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton.

2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.]

1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.

Thou art the pander to her dishonor.
Shak.

2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another.

Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.
Burke.

Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.] To play the pander for.

Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander.

Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering.

Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. Hall.

Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly rascals." Shak.

Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

Pan"der*ous (?), a. Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander.

Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out; stretched.

Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr. pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.

Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit.

Pan"door (?), n. Same as Pandour.

Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a gift.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.

2. (Zoöl.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.

Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]

Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]

Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars.
Campbell.

Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

{ Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), } a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf. F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of an animal.

Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown.

3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.

4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.

5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond.

Paned (?), a. 1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger.

2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a six&?;paned nut.

Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F. panégyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.

{ Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), } a. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s, from &?; an assembly of the people, a high festival; pa^, pa^n all + &?;, an assembly.] Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.

Some of his odes are panegyrical.
Dryden.

Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Panegyric.] A festival; a public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. &?; one who attends a &?;: cf. &?; to celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech, esp. a panegyric, in a public assembly. See Panegyric.] One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking.

If these panegyrists are in earnest.
Burke.

Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. &?;. See Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize.

Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.] 1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.

2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.

3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.

7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal.

8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.

Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house.

Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot.

Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back.

Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written also panellation.] Wood.

Pane"less (?), a. Without panes.

To patch his paneless window.
Shenstone.

Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also panelling.]

Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting.

Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise. [R.]

Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism.
National Rev.

Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.

Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death.

Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak.

Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity.

&fist; The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs.

Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson.

Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron.

Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang&?;lang.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also scaly ant-eater.

Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.

Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.

Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism.

Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the Greeks.] (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece.

Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass.

Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.

Pan"ic, a. [Gr. &?; of or pertaining to &?; Pan, to whom the causing of sudden fright was ascribed: cf. F. panique.] Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; - - said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

Pan"ic, n. [Gr. &?; (with or without &?; fear): cf. F. panigue. See Panic, a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs.

Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; prob. akin to E. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end.

Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate.

{ Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?) }, a. Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke.

{ Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as Panicled.

||Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass.

Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.

Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.

Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating bread; subsisting on bread.

Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.

Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.

Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. Farrow.

Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras.

2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.

Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat. Thackeray.

Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.

||Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster.

Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an egg.] (Zoöl.) Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells.

Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. &?;.] Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.]

We want no half gods, panomphean Joves.
Mrs. Browning.

Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.

Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; tool, implement, in pl., armor, arms.] Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor. Milton.

We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God.
Ray.

Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; that which is seen, a view, fr. &?; to see. See Pan- , and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator.

{ Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.

Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid.

Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied genera. The larvæ feed on plant lice.

Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Pharmacon.] A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

{ Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an (?) }. See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The pansied grounds." Darwin.

Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic races.

Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy.

Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism.

Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic.

Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; wisdom, &?; wise: cf. F. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.

{ Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), } n. (Biol.) A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.

Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the panspermic hypothesis.

Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Biol.) (a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the opposite of spontaneous generation.

Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; solid + &?; a view.] A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C.

Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. Pensée thought, pansy, fr. penser to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names.

Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.

Pluto plants for breath from out his cell.
Dryden.

2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.

As the hart panteth after the water brooks.
Ps. xlii. 1.

Who pants for glory finds but short repose.
Pope.

3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser.

4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]

The whispering breeze
Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
Pope.

Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.

There is a cavern where my spirit
Was panted forth in anguish.
Shelley.

2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]

Then shall our hearts pant thee.
Herbert.

Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton.

2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.

Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. ko`smos universe.] See Cosmolabe.

Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph.

Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.] 1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule.

2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.] Donaldson.

Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantaloon.] One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.

Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. &?;, lit., all lion, a Greek personal name.] 1. A ridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison.

The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.
Shak.

2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.

Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb.

2. Materials for pantaloons.

Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. &?; form.] Taking all forms.

Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic camera.

Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.

||Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoöl.) One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms.

Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Technic.] A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.

Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph.

Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve.

Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races.

Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism.

Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism.

{ Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology.

Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.

Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; of all gods; &?;, &?;, all + &?; a god: cf. F. panthéon. See Pan-, and Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.

2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek pantheon.

Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panthère, L. panthera, Gr. &?;, prob. fr. Skr. pundrīka a tiger.]

1. (Zoöl.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zoölogists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body.

2. (Zoöl.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar.

Panther cat (Zoöl.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zoöl.), a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypræa pantherina); -- so called from its color.

Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zoöl.) A female panther.

Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.

Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side (&?;).

Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. &?; equal + &?; to rule.] A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.

Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist.

Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy. Macaulay.

Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry. [Obs.] Shak.

Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.

Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.

Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written also pantable and pantoble.]

Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and incorrectly pentagraph.]

Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called plagiograph.

{ Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F. pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.

Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description; entire view of an object.

Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology.

Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.

Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantomètre.] An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.

Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric (#), a. [R.]

Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. &?;, lit., all-imitating; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to imitate: cf. It. pantomimo. See Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor. [Obs.]

2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.

[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone.
Tylor.

3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.

4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.

Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime dance.

{ Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.

Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.

Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food.

Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to eat.] Eating all kinds of food.

Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The habit or power of eating all kinds of food.

||Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zoöl.) Same as Pycnogonida.

Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.

Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr. panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept.

Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; knavish.] Skilled in all kinds of work. "The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.

Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, properly, ready to do anything; hence, knavish, roguish; &?;, &?;, all + &?; work.] Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey.

Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.]

Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an animal.] (Biol.) A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer.

||Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents.

Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.

The paps which thou hast sucked.
Luke xi. 27.

2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.

2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. [Colloq. & Contemptuous]

3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, a child's word meaning father. Cf. Pope.]

1. A child's word for father.

2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zoöl.) The upland plover. [Local, U. S.]

Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.] 1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.

2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Popinjay, 1 (b).

Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians." Bp. Burnet.

Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara.

Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papauté.] The papacy. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton.

Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.]

Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper.

Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly

Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. &?; to fear.] Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.]

Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope; papal rule.

||Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the poppy.

Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Papaveraceæ) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.

Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine.

Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy. Sir T. Browne.

Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.] 1. (Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the order Passifloreæ. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.

2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

2. (Zoöl.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.

Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father; specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. &?;. Cf. Papyrus.] 1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.

They brought a paper to me to be signed.
Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides paper.

&fist; Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat.

In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.

&fist; Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, etc.

Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. -- Laid paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate- iron disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. - - Paper sailor. (Zoöl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper wasp (Zoöl.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. -- Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books. -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. -- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.

Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper army.

Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.] 1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house.

2. To fold or inclose in paper.

3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n.

Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper. Gray.

Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap; like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

||Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A case or box containing paper and materials for writing.

Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. &?;, from &?; the city Paphos.] Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

||Pa`pier"-ma`ché" (?), n. [F. papier mâché, lit., chewed or mashed paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds.

||Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zoöl.) A genus of butterflies.

&fist; Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow- tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species.

Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a. 1. Resembling the butterfly.

2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionaceæ) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.

||Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zoöl.) The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

||Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The typical butterflies.

Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. Papillæ (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papillæ of the tongue.

Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose.

Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papillæ; bearing, or covered with, papillæ; papillose.

Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papillæ; to take the form of a papilla, or of papillæ.

Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose.

Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform.

||Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and - Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papillæ of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata.

Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing, papillæ; resembling papillæ; papillate; papillar; papillary.

Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.

Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose.

Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression.

Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zoöl.) A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive term. Milton.

Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.

{ Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery. [R.] Whitgift.

Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized writers." Fuller.

Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America.

Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose.

Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

Pap*pose" (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy.

Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose.

Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Compositæ; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order.

Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. Ray.

Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua.

Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (&?;). (Ethnol.) The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.

||Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. Papulæ (#). [L.]

1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule. Quain.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes.

Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1. Covered with papules.

2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; as, a papular eruption.

Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (&?;). Same as Papula.

Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papulæ; papillose; as, a papulose leaf.

Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap&?;leux.] Covered with, or characterized by, papulæ; papulose.

Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.

Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.] Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.

Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold.

Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#), a.

Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Paper.] 1. (Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed.

3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

Pâque (?), n. [F. pâque.] See Pasch and Easter.

Par (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Parr.

Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.

2. Equality of condition or circumstances.

At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. -- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value, nominal value; face value.

Par"a- (?). [Gr. para` beside; prob. akin to E. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.] 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively.

||Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. pārah a piece.] A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent.

Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to pass over.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea.

Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; to grow beside. See Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the parablastic cells.

Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside or together, a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. &?; to throw beside, compare; para` beside + &?; to throw; cf. Skr. gal to drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.

Declare unto us the parable of the tares.
Matt. xiii. 36.

Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.]

Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.
Milton.

Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; -- so called because its axis is parallel to the side of the cone. See Parable, and cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = &frac32;. See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.

||Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parable.] (Rhet.) Similitude; comparison.

{ Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. paraboliko`s figurative: cf. F. parabolique. See Parable.]

1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid.

Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola.

Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (păr`&adot;*b&obreve;l"&ibreve;*kal*l&ybreve;), adv. 1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.

2. In the form of a parabola.

Par`a*bol"i*form (-&ibreve;*fôrm), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola in form.

Pa*rab"o*lism (p&adot;*răb"&osl;*l&ibreve;z'm), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term. [Obs.]

Pa*rab"o*list (-l&ibreve;st), n. A narrator of parables.

Pa*rab"o*loid (-loid), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. paraboloïde.] (Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas.

&fist; The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders. Hutton.

Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.

||Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium.

Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand.

Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings. Hakewill.

Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian.

||Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pierce at the side, to tap.] (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

{ Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), } a. [Pref. para- + centric, - ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center.

Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called also a paracentric. -- Paracentric motton or velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction.

Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage.

Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; time: cf. F. parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.]

Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. &?; false coloring; para` beside, beyond + &?; color.] (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs.

Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall. See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.

2. (Zoöl.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.

Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. &?;, from &?; to call to one, to exhort, encourage; para` beside + &?; to call.] An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit.

From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the Paraclete given him by Christ.
Bp. Pearson.

Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose.

Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.

Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.

Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.) A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

||Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para- + acrostic.] A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene.

||Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zoöl.) The side of a toe or finger.

Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.] 1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled.

2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.

3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.

Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade.
Swift.

4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a parade of firemen.

In state returned the grand parade.
Swift.

5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]

When they are not in parade, and upon their guard.
Locke.

6. A public walk; a promenade.

Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm.

Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator.

Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.] [Cf. F. parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off.

Parading all her sensibility.
Byron.

2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place.

2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review.

Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show by the side of, to set up as an example; para` beside + &?; to show. See Para-, and Diction.]

1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of all things." Cudworth.

2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection.

3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

{ Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. paradeigmatiko`s.] Exemplary. -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious persons, as examples of Christian excellence.

Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. paradeigmati`zein. See Paradigm.] To set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

{ Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairidaēza an inclosure; pairi around (akin to Gr. &?;) + diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.]

1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation.

2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.

To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
Luke xxiii. 43.

It sounds to him like her mother's voice,
Singing in Paradise.
Longfellow.

3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness.

The earth
Shall be all paradise.
Milton.

Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision.
Beaconsfield.

4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise. (Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird. (Zoöl.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds (Epimachinæ) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zoöl.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise flycatcher (Zoöl.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested. -- Paradise grackle (Zoöl.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zoöl.) See Whidah.

Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.

Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.

{ Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), } a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley. T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.

The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty.
G. Eliot.

{ Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), } a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse. Farrow.

Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond, contrary to + &?; to think, suppose, imagine. See Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact.

A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.
Hooker.

This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof.
Shak.

Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.]

Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of the nature of a paradox.

2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions. Southey.

-- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (&?;), n. One who proposes a paradox.

||Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.

Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Par`a*dox"ure (-d&obreve;ks"&usl;r), n. [Gr. para`doxos incredible, paradoxical + o'yra` tail. So called because its tail is unlike that of the other animals to which it was supposed to be related.] (Zoöl.) Any species of Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang.

Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

{ Par"af*fin (păr"ăf*f&ibreve;n), Par"af*fine (?) }, n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins.

&fist; In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine.

Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. - - Paraffin series. See Methane series, under Methane.

Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.] 1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee. Burrill.

3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

We claim to be of high parage.
Chaucer.

Par`a*gen"e*sis (păr`&adot;*j&ebreve;n"&esl;*s&ibreve;s), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin.

Par`a*gen"ic (-&ibreve;k), a. [Pref. para- + the root of ge`nos birth.] (Biol.) Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc.

Par`a*glob"u*lin (-gl&obreve;b"&usl;*l&ibreve;n), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.

||Par`a*glos"sa (-gl&obreve;s"s&adot;), n.; pl. Paraglossæ (- sē). [NL., from Gr. para` beside + glw^ssa tongue.] (Zoöl.) One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.

Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Paragnathus.

Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds.

||Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and Gnathic.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids.

||Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to lead beside, protract; para` beside + &?; to lead.] 1. (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without.

2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

{ Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word.

Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense.

Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp. paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr. &?; to rub against; para` beside + &?; whetstone; cf. LGr. &?; a polishing stone.] 1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister.
Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

Full many feats adventurous
Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.

Man, . . . the paragon of animals !
Shak.

The riches of sweet Mary's son,
Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon.
Emerson.

4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under Type.

Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.

In arms anon to paragon the morn,
The morn new rising.
Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]

He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description and wild fame.
Shak.

Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]

Few or none could . . . paragon with her.
Shelton.

Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to mislead.] (Min.) A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; that which one writes beside. See Paragraph.] A pun.

Puns, which he calls paragrams.
Addison.

Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster.

||Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragrêle. Knight.

Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. para`grafos (sc. grammh`) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. paragra`fein to write beside; para` beside + gra`fein to write. See Para- , and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now, the character ¶, commonly used in the text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a division into sections.

&fist; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark &?;, but usually, by beginning the first sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual distance from the margin.

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial paragraph.

Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paragraphing.]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ¶.

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article.

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

{ Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher.

Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

||Pa`ra`grêle" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + grêle hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France] Knight.

Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay.

Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers Plowman.

Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Parrakeet.

Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.

Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

||Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to leave on one side, to omit; para` beside + &?; to leave.] (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.]

||Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; near the sea; para` beside + &?; the sea.] A dweller by the sea. [R.]

||Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. &?; to omit.] A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

&fist; In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith.

Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

{ Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. parallactique.] Of or pertaining to a parallax.

Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. &?; alternation, the mutual inclination of two lines forming an angle, fr. &?; to change a little, go aside, deviate; para` beside, beyond + &?; to change: cf. F. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.] 1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.

Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. -- Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved. -- Diurnal, or Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. -- Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parallèle, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; of one another, fr. &?; other, akin to L. alius. See Allien.] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.

Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial.
Hakluyt.

&fist; Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with.

When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished.
Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage. Addison.

Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. - - Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions.

Par"al*lel (?), n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

Who made the spider parallels design,
Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?
Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line,

Lines that from their parallel decline.
Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.

Twixt earthly females and the moon
All parallels exactly run.
Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart.

None but thyself can be thy parallel.
Pope.

6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ||) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page.

Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling (?).] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian.
Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like.

His life is paralleled
Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.
Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.

My young remembrance can not parallel
A fellow to it.
Shak.

Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon.

Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place side by side, or parallel: cf. F. parallélisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

A close parallelism of thought and incident.
T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --

At her feet he bowed, he fell:
Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
Judg. v. 27.

Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.

The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost.
Milman.

Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]

Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; parallel + &?; to write: cf. F. parallélogramme. See Parallel, and -gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles.

Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.

{ Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), } a. Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. &?; a body with parallel surfaces; &?; parallel + &?; a plane surface, &?; on the ground, or level with it, level, flat; &?; on + &?; the ground: cf. F. parallélopipède.] (Geom.) A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram.

Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.

Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T. Browne.

Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reason falsely; para` beside + &?; to reason, &?; discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme.] (Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formulæ; a formal fallacy, or pseudo- syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises. [R.]

Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; reason.] False reasoning; paralogism.

Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.

Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to loosen, dissolve, or disable at the side; para` beside + &?; to loosen. See Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G. Eliot.

Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership.
Duke of Argyll (1887).

Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paralytique.] 1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.

The cold, shaking, paralytic hand.
Prior.

3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.

Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva.

Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.

Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.

Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed.

Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed his efforts.

Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.

Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. Faraday.

Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.]

Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.)

Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]

Lords in paraments on their coursers.
Chaucer.

Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

||Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoöl.) One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.

Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramètre.] 1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

&fist; The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.

||Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; proverb + -graph + -er.] A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

||Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. pæramo.] A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America.

Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite.

Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition.

Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism.

Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; preëminent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon.

Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the king.

Syn. Superior; principal; preëminent; chief.

Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.

Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner.

Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.

The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour
Macaulay.

2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

{ Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?) }, adv. By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]

For par amour, I loved her first ere thou.
Chaucer.

Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?; starch.] (Chem.) A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water.

Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

||Par`a*noi"a (păr`&adot;*noi"&adot;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para`noia.] (Med.) Mental derangement; insanity.

Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert isomeric modification of anthracene.

Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as Nucleolus.

Pa*ra" nut` (p&adot;*rä" nŭt`). (Bot.) The Brazil nut.

Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?; a bride: cf. F. paranymphe.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.]

At some paranymphal feast.
Ford.

Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous modification of pectin.

Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to fix beside; para` beside + &?; to fix: cf. F. parapegme.] An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place.

&fist; Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.

Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.

Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and Pectoral.]

1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.

Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.

Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C.

Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.] [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.

||Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own.

Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.

Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L. parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; a bride's dowry, fr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

||Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; beyond + &?; to muzzle.] (Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again.

Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

||Par`a*phrag"ma (-frăg"m&adot;), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?;, &?;, an inclosure.] (Zoöl.) One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a.

Par"a*phrase (păr"&adot;*frāz), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. para`frasis, from parafra`zein to say the same thing in other words; para` beside + fra`zein to speak: cf. F. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to metaphrase.

In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.
Dryden.

Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David.
I. Disraeli.

His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice.
Sowth.

The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases.
Shipley.

Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language.

We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase.

Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases.

Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.]

Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paraphraste.] A paraphraser. T. Warton.

{ Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr.&?;: cf. F. paraphrastique.] Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

||Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?; growth.] (Bot.) A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants.

{ ||Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), } n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. &?; hemiplegia, fr. &?; to strike at the side; para` beside + &?; to strike: cf. F. paraplégie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- Par`a*pleg"ic (#), a.

||Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. Parapleuræ (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d Pleura.] (Zoöl.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.

||Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?;, dim. of &?; foot.] (Zoöl.) One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also foot tubercle.

&fist; They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often contain spines or setæ. When well developed, a dorsal part, or notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.

Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a.

||Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.] (Zoöl.) A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.

{ Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), } n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.) See Parrakeet.

Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. &?;, from Old Persian; cf. Per. farsang.] A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.

||Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; stage.] (Greek & Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.

||Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;, lit., preparation.] 1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)

2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to change from the true form.] Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max Müller.

||Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. Paraselenæ (#). [NL., from Gr. para` beside + &?; the moon: cf. F. parasélène.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion.

||Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) (a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also Siphonostomata.

Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic.

Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr. &?;, lit., eating beside, or at the table of, another; para` beside + &?; to feed, from &?; wheat, grain, food.]

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.

Thou, with trembling fear,
Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
Milton.

Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables.
Udall.

2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.

{ Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), } a. [L. parasiticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. parasitique.]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3.

Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zoöl.) See Jager.

-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used to destroy parasites. Quain.

Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court parasitism." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)The state of being parasitic.

Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol.

Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the sphenoid bone; - - applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n. The parasphenoid bone.

Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone.

||Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to assemble illegally or secretly.] (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.

Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.

Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis.

||Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside, fr. &?; to place beside.] (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to syntax. Brande & C.

||Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a putting beside, from &?; to put beside.]

1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.

2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded. Smart.

3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.

||Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.

Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.

&fist; In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton.

{ Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), } adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.

Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of the axis of the skeleton.

Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.

Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through (see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.] 1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.

Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.] Skelton.

Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

Par"cæ (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.

Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.] 1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.

Two parcels of the white of an egg.
Arbuthnot.

The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government.
J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece.

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group.

This youthful parcel
Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.
Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet.

'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage.
Cowper.

Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.

Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or Parcelling.]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.

These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.
Dryden.

The broad woodland parceled into farms.
Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]

That mine own servant should
Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy.
Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc.

To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas.

Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.]

The worthy dame was parcel-blind.
Sir W. Scott.

One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded].
Tennyson.

Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.

Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship.

&fist; It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent.

Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. parçonnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, parçun, parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate.

Parch (pärch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.] 1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn.
Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever.

The ground below is parched.
Dryden.

Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched.

Par*che"si (pär*chē"z&ibreve;), n. See Pachisi.

Parch"ing (pärch"&ibreve;ng), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.

Parch"ment (-ment), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum.

But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar.
Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.

Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless. [Obs.]

Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and perclose.] Hook.

Pard (pärd), n. [L. pardus, Gr. pa`rdos; cf. Skr. p&rsdot;dāku tiger, panther.] (Zoöl.) A leopard; a panther.

And more pinch-spotted make them
Than pard or cat o'mountain.
Shak.

Par"dale (pär"d&asl;l), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. pa`rdalis. Cf. Pard.] (Zoöl.) A leopard. [Obs.] Spenser.

{ Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?) }, adv. or interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath. [Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]

He was, parde, an old fellow of yours.
Chaucer.

Par"dine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Spotted like a pard.

Pardine lynx (Zoöl.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. pratāpa splendor, majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.

Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.] 1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.

Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings.
Shak.

But infinite in pardon was my judge.
Milton.

Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon.

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.

Sign me a present pardon for my brother.
Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven. South.

4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses.

Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.] [Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par- , and Donation.] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant.
2 Kings v. 18.

I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me.
Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.

I pray thee, pardon my sin.
1 S&?;&?;. xv. 25.

Apollo, pardon
My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle &?;
Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.

I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]

Even now about it! I will pardon you.
Shak.

Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.

Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; acquit. See Excuse.

Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden.

Par"don*er (?), n. 1. One who pardons. Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning God.

Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.

The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy.
Bacon.

Par`e*gor"ic (?), a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. &?;, from &?; addressing, encouraging, soothing; para` beside + &?; an assembly: cf. F. parégorique. See Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir.

Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric elexir.

Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. &?; to draw aside, to be redundant; para` beside + &?; to draw.] (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.

Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. &?; law.] (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

{ ||Pa*rel"la (?), ||Pa`relle (?), } n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus.

||Pa*rem"bo*le (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; an insertion beside. See Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis.

Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.]

||Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a coming in beside; para` beside + &?; to fall in.] Same as Parembole.

Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pour in beside; para` beside + &?; in + &?; to pour: cf. F. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

{ Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), } a. [Cf. F. parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

||Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to advise.] Exhortation. [R.]

{ Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. parénétique.] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, - entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. Gr. &?; to give, beget: cf. F. parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.

Children, obey your parents in the Lord.
Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the parent of vice.

Regular industry is the parent of sobriety.
Channing.

Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. -- Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under Division.

Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak.

Though men esteem thee low of parentage.
Milton.

Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental care.

The careful course and parental provision of nature.
Sir T. Browne.

Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner.

Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parentèle, L. parentela.] Kinship; parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put in beside, insert; para` beside + &?; in + &?; to put, place. See Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.

Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis.
Watts.

2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.

&fist; Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.

Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks. Lowell.

{ Par`en*thet"ic (?), Par`en*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] 1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark.

A parenthetical observation of Moses himself.
Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses.

Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent.

Pa*ren"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents.

Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body.

Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring.

||Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy.

Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; work.] Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to let go; &?; from + &?; to send.] (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation.

Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.

Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?) }, v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard.

Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.

The pargeted ceiling with pendants.
R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork. Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson.

Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught.

Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.] Milton.

Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.

Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. &?;, &?;; para` beside + &?; the sun.] A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene.

||Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion.

Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate, paripinnate.

Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society.

Pariah dog (Zoöl.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zoöl.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.

Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the Ægean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble.

Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles.

Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

||Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zoöl.) Same as Artiodactyla.

Par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an even number of digits on the hands or the feet. Qwen.

||Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zoöl.) The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F. pariétal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.

At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal Committee.
B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.

Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zoöl.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2.

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st Pellitory.

||Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic acid.

Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

Pa*ri"e*to- (&?;). (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.

Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.

Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] 1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off. Pope.

Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills.
Mortimer.

Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.

&fist; It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower.

Par"is, n. The chief city of France.

Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.

Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; dwelling beside or near; para` beside + &?; a house, dwelling; akin to L. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.

&fist; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. Mozley & W.

2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other States.

Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor. Dryden.

Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish.

Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France.

Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris.

||Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris.

Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; almost equal, evenly balanced + -logy.] The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]

{ Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Pari- + syllabic, -ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections.

Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant, attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parité. See Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey.

Equality of length and parity of numeration.
Sir T. Browne.

Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W.

2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer.

While in the park I sing, the listening deer
Attend my passion, and forget to fear.
Waller.

3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York.

4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.]

Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks.

Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.] 1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park.

How are we parked, and bounded in a pale.
Shak.

2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.

Park"er (?), n. The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

||Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British zoölogist.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.

Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.

Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See Tutsan.

Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.] Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance; in common parlance.

A hate of gossip parlance and of sway.
Tennyson.

{ ||Par*lan"do (?), ||Par*lan"te (?), } a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative.

Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to parley. [Obs.] Shak.

Finding himself too weak, began to parle.
Milton.

Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]

They ended parle, and both addressed for fight.
Milton.

Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.

We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain.
Dryden.

To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.] To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace.

They are at hand,
To parley or to fight; therefore prepare.
Shak.

Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.] 1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.]

But first they held their parliament.
Rom. of R.

2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws.

They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a parliament of Gauls.
Golding.

3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.

&fist; Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above.

4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts.

Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament, Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.]

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole.

2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner.

Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.

2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale.

3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary motion.

Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train, one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.]

Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing- room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained.

&fist; "In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall.

Parlor car. See Palace car, under Car.

Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.] 1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl.

2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak. "A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy.

Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.

||Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.

Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America.

Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.

Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]

Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals.

Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.] Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. "The parochial mind." W. Black.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.

Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. Marriot.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.] "Parochian churches." Bacon.

Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh.

{ Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. parodique.] Having the character of parody.

Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical.
T. Warton.

Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one who parodies. Coleridge.

Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; a song: cf. F. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.]

1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty.

The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause.
Macaulay.

2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.] [Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque.

I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace.
Pope.

Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Paroquet.

Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal. Blackstone.

Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as, parol evidence.

Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.] 1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.

This man had forfeited his military parole.
Macaulay.

3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.

4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol.

Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.] (Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. &?;, fr. &?; to grant; &?; by, near + &?; to speak together, agree. See Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.

||Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form a word by a slight change; para` beside + &?; to name, fr. &?; a name.] (Rhet.) A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden.

{ Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.

Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B. Jonson.

||Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?;, &?;, a nail.] (Med.) A whitlow, or felon. Quincy.

Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?; a name.] 1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as al&?; and awl; hair and hare, etc.

Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.

||Par`o*öph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; (see Para-) + &?; an egg + &?; to bear.] (Anat.) A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.

Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zoöl.) Same as Parrakeet. [Written also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.]

Paroquet auk or auklet (Zoöl.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk.

||Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para- , and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.

Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal ossification.

||Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum.

Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis.

Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear.

Parotic region (Zoöl.), the space around the ears.

Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. &?;, &?;; para` beside, near + &?;, &?;, the ear: cf. F. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland.

Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw.

Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland.

Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the parotid glands.

Epidemic, or Infectious, parotitis, mumps.

Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland.

||Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.

||Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epoöphoron.

Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sharpen, irritate; para` beside, beyond + &?; to sharpen, from &?; sharp.] 1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.

The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair.
South.

Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.]

1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

2. Same as Parquetry.

Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry.

Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.

One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well.
Evelyn.

Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.

Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet.

Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoöl.) (a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.

{ Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet` }, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet.

&fist; Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).

{ Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), } n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.] 1. (Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten.

2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

||Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zoöl.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied to the guan.

||Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; a speaking.] (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech.

Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.] Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.

Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.]

Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.] 1. (Zoöl.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

2. (Zoöl.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera of the family Psittacidæ, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases.

Carolina parrot (Zoöl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. -- Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoöl.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoöl.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot.

Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. Mill.

Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. "The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under Glory.

Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] [F. paré, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.

Vice parries wide
The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.
Cowper.

2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.

The French government has parried the payment of our claims.
E. Everett.

Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc. Locke.

Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (&?;). A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.

Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] [L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.

Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over perfectly.
Ascham.

Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. pārsī a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.

2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees.

Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees.

Pars"er (?), n. One who parses.

Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.] Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious.
Bacon.

Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money.
Addison.

Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon.

Awful parsimony presided generally at the table.
Thackeray.

Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See Economy.

Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. &?;; &?; stone + &?; parsley. Cf. Celery.] (Bot.) An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.

As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit.
Shak.

Fool's parsley. See under Fool. - - Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.

Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade, pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself.

Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. - - Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. -- Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are poisonous.

Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See Person.]

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls.

2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.

He hears the parson pray and preach.
Longfellow.

Parson bird (Zoöl.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Novæseelandiæ) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird.

Par"son*age (?), n. 1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.

2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.

3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]

What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, for?
Sir W. Scott.

Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson.

{ Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical.

Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart.
Colman.

-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement. [Colloq.]

Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.] 1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent.

And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet.
Acts v. 2.

Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret relation of the parts ?
Locke.

I am a part of all that I have met.
Tennyson.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient.

An homer is the tenth part of an ephah.
Ex. xvi. 36.

A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom,
And ever three parts coward.
Shak.

(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element.

All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body.
Locke.

The pulse, the glow of every part.
Keble.

(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.

Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good part to intermingle with them.
Shak.

(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.

All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears.
Dryden.

(e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure.

3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.

We have no part in David.
2 Sam. xx. 1.

Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part;
Do thou but thine.
Milton.

Let me bear
My part of danger with an equal share.
Dryden.

4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction.

For he that is not against us is on our part.
Mark ix. 40.

Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.
Waller.

(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To act a part, under Act.

That part
Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.
Shak.

It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf.
Shak.

Honor and shame from no condition rise;
Act well your part, there all the honor lies.
Pope.

(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin part, etc.

For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For the most part. See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. -- In ill part, unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. -- Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under Joint. -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett.

Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and Section.

Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F. partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a part. See Part, n.]

1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev. ii. 6.

There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues.
Keble.

2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share.

To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee.
Pope.

They parted my raiment among them.
John xix. 24.

3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.

The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me.
Ruth i. 17.

While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven.
Luke xxiv. 51.

The narrow seas that part
The French and English.
Shak.

4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants.

The stumbling night did part our weary powers.
Shak.

5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from silver.

The liver minds his own affair, . . .
And parts and strains the vital juices.
Prior.

6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]

Since presently your souls must part your bodies.
Shak.

To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate, as travelers or companions.

Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the middle.

2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; -- often with from.

He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.
Shak.

He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before.
Macaulay.

His precious bag, which he would by no means part from.
G. Eliot.

3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; -- followed by with or from.

Celia, for thy sake, I part
With all that grew so near my heart.
Waller.

Powerful hands . . . will not part
Easily from possession won with arms.
Milton.

It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at parting with an only son.
A. Trollope.

4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24.

Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden.

Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.]

1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Partaking.] [Part + take.]

1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.

When I against myself with thee partake.
Shak.

2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; -- usually followed by of.

The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general.
Bacon.

Par*take" (?), v. t. 1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.

Let every one partake the general joy.
Driden.

2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to. [Obs.] Spencer.

3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

Par*tak"er (?), n. 1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.

Partakers of their spiritual things.
Rom. xv. 27.

Wish me partaker in my happiness.
Shark.

2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]

Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets.
Matt. xxiii. 30.

Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zoöl.) An edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]

Part"ed (?), a. 1. Separated; devided.

2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; as, three- parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. terra. See Terrace.] 1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.

2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin. [Obs.]

Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a maid, virgin.] Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheniæ, or sons of unmarried women.

Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.] 1. (Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.

Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. -- Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic.

Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.

Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art.

||Par*then"o*pe (pär*th&ebreve;n"&osl;*pē), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. Parqeno`pn.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs.

2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.

Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n. A native of Parthia.

Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.

Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet.

2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be partial.

Ye have been partial in the law.
Mal. ii. 9.

3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope.

Not partial to an ostentatious display.
Sir W. Scott.

4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a partial petiole.

Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.

Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of the Partialists.

Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is partial. [R.]

2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect.

Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialité.] 1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.

2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. Roget.

Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.]

Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an inherttance.

Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon.

Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] Norris.

Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p. pr. of participare: cf. F. participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share of part. Bacon.

Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker.

Participants in their . . . mysterious rites.
Bp. Warburton.

Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner.

Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p. p. of participare to participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participating.] To have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate in a debate. Shak.

So would he participateof their wants.
Hayward.

Mine may come when men
With angels may participate.
Milton.

Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.]

Fit to participate all rational delight.
Milton.

2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.] 1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows.

These deities are so by participation.
Bp. Stillingfleet.

What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed participation of himself!
Atterbury.

2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of participating.

Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker.

Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word.

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Participialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a participle. [R.]

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle.

Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See Participate.] 1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and exhaustedare participles.

By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.
Earle.

&fist; Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a.

2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]

The participles or confines between plants and living creatures.
Bacon.

Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust.

The small size of atoms which unite
To make the smallest particle of light.
Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue.

The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least particle to recede.
Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely.

Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored.

Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis. See Particle.] 1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a constellation. Shak.

[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end,
Like quills upon the fretful porpentine.
Shak.

Seken in every halk and every herne
Particular sciences for to lerne.
Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.

Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth.
Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.

Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See Calvinism.

Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute.

Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a story.

Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal.
Bacon.

It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the community.
L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.]

For his particular I'll receive him gladly.
Shak.

If the particulars of each person be considered.
Milton.

Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our particular.
Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises.

The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written.
Ayliffe.

Bill of particulars. See under Bill. - - In particular, specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. -- To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.] 1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire.

Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F. particularité.] 1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c) Something of special or private concern or interest.

Let the general trumpet blow his blast,
Particularities and petty sounds
To cease!
Shak.

Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.

He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin.
Atterbury.

Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative.

Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.

The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character.
Dryden.

Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize. [Obs.]

Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc. [R.]

The smallpox is a particulate disease.
Tyndall.

Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.] 1. Serving to part; dividing; separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give him that parting kiss." Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible.

Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two.

Par"ting (?), n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.

And there were sudden partings, such as press
The life from out young hearts.
Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellæ.

Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.] 1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay.

Both sides had their partisans in the colony.
Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps.

Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps.

Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.

And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave.
Shak.

Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

||Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p. p. of partire to part, divide, from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.] 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.

And good from bad find no partition.
Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.

No sight could pass
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.) A score.

Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning.] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house.

Uniform without, though severally partitioned within.
Bacon.

Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.

Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive.

Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a part.

Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.

Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.] 1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett, the hen." Shak.

Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.] 1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.

My other self, the partner of my life.
Milton.

2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.

Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a.

Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.

Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before,
First fell by fatal partnership of power.
Rowe.

He does possession keep,
And is too wise to hazard partnership.
Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

&fist; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6.

Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited partnership (F. société en commandité) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only.

Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.

Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) 1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicidæ, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird.

Full many a fat partrich had he in mew.
Chaucer.

&fist; The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.]

&fist; Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezumæ); and the California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]

Bamboo partridge (Zoöl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night partridge (Zoöl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge (Zoöl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiaceæ, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zoöl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia Chamæcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell (Zoöl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea partridge (Zoöl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zoöl.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, or Hill partridge (Zoöl.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola.

Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.

Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p. pr. of parturire to desire to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. parturition. See Parturient.] 1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.] 1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy.

Win the noble Brutus to our party.
Shak.

The peace both parties want is like to last.
Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.

The cause of both parties shall come before the judges.
Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another.

It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony.
Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest.

Have you nothing said
Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

"For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall.

Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row.

Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and cf. Partite.] 1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party.

I will be true judge, and not party.
Chaucer.

Charter party. See under Charter.

Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak.

{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored } (?), a. Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak.

Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.

Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.

||Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; presence, fr. &?; to be present; para` beside + &?; to be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p. p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into notice.

{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), } n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf. OF. parvité.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel.

Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C&?;H&?;N, of the pyridine group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric substances of which it is the type.

||Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

Pa"san (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gemsbok.

{ Pasch (?), ||Pas"cha (?), } n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. &?;, fr. Heb. pesach, fr. pāsach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. pâque. Cf. Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter.

Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow.

Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.] 1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. pāshā, bāshā; cf. Per. bāshā, bādshāh; perh. a corruption of Per. pādishāh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.]

&fist; There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of a pasha.

Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.

{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.

Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations. Good.

Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?; talking.] A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language.

Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith.

Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch.

Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana.

Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.

The Grecian wits, who satire first began,
Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man.
Dryden.

Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]

To see himself pasquined and affronted.
Dryden.

Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay.

Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i. e., pass on]." Chaucer.

On high behests his angels to and fro
Passed frequent.
Milton.

Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
And from their bodies passed.
Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands.

Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust.
Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.

Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.
Shak.

Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.
Dryden.

The passing of the sweetest soul
That ever looked with human eyes.
Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily.

So death passed upon all men.
Rom. v. 12.

Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind.
I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly.

Now the time is far passed.
Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak.

False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.
Felton.

This will not pass for a fault in him.
Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live along. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.
Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing & other games) To decline to take an optional action when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.

She would not play, yet must not pass.
Prior.

17. In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball, etc., to another player of one's own side.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton.

She loved me for the dangers I had passed.
Shak.

(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.

Please you that I may pass This doing.
Shak.

I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.
Dryden.

(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

And strive to pass . . .
Their native music by her skillful art.
Spenser.

Whose tender power
Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour.
Byron.

(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.

I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.
Addison.

Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.
Clarendon.

(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.

Father, thy word is passed.
Milton.

(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak.

Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9. -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront.

Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See Pass, v. i.] 1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass.

"Try not the pass!" the old man said.
Longfellow.

2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament.

Have his daughters brought him to this pass.
Shak.

Matters have been brought to this pass.
South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass.

A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.
Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]

Common speech gives him a worthy pass.
Shak.

9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning.

Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.] 1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats.

His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel.
Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.

With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable than another.
L'Estrange.

Could they have made this slander passable.
Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.

My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent.
Dryden.

Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.

Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.

{ ||Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), ||Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne.

{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), } n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v. i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground.

Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.] 1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.

What! are my doors opposed against my passage!
Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.

The ship in which he had taken passage.
Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy mortal passage." Milton.

When he is fit and season'd for his passage.
Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.

And with his pointed dart
Explores the nearest passage to his heart.
Dryden.

The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.
South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time.

The conduct and passage of affairs.
Sir J. Davies.

The passage and whole carriage of this action.
Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.

The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief.
South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.

How commentators each dark passage shun.
Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.

No passages of love
Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.
Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.

The final question was then put upon its passage.
Cushing.

In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but in passage." Bacon. - - Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said especially of birds. "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.

Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.] 1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]

Many opinions are passant.
Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs&?;ry, careless. [Obs.]

On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop.
Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

{ ||Pas`sé", masc. ||Pas`sé"e, fem. } (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passée belle. Ld. Lytton.

Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor.

Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott.

Passe*men"terie (E. p&adot;s*m&ebreve;n"tr&ibreve;; F. pä`s'mäN`t'r&esl;"), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.

Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger.] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.

Passenger falcon (Zoöl.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger pigeon (Zoöl.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.

||Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures.

Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.

Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.

||Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.) An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds.

Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.

Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Passeres.

The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit trees.
Sydney Smith.

Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Passeres.

Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilité.] The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility. Hakewill.

Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents.

Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible.
Hooker.

Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.

||Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order Passifloreæ, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species.

||Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs passim in the poem.

Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.

Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak.

Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).

To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs.
Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.
Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.]

Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter.
Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

We also are men of like passions with you.
Acts xiv. 15.

The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and passions, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.
Hutcheson.

The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything.
Cogan.

The bravery of his grief did put me
Into a towering passion.
Shak.

The ruling passion, be it what it will,
The ruling passion conquers reason still.
Pope.

Who walked in every path of human life,
Felt every passion.
Akenside.

When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country.
Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.

Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

&fist; The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.

Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley.

Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p. pr & vb. n. Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak.

Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary.

Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionné.] 1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.
Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard,
The godly kind and queen did passionate.
Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately.
South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent.

Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

The passive air
Upbore their nimble tread.
Milton.

The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas.
Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

The best virtue, passive fortitude.
Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.

Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.

To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause.
J. Edwards.

Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivité.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (&?;). One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe- parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

Pass"port (&?;), n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

Caution in granting passports to Ireland.
Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

His passport is his innocence and grace.
Dryden.

||Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (&?;). [L., a step, a pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman. See 2d Fit.

Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See Paspy. Shak.

Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton.

Past master. See under Master.

Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster.

The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a very remote past indeed.
Trench.

Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past endurance." Macaulay.

Until we be past thy borders.
Num. xxi. 22.

Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.
L'Estrange.

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.

Is it not past two o'clock?
Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

Not past three quarters of a mile.
Shak.

Bows not past three quarters of a yard long.
Spenser.

Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.

The alarum of drums swept past.
Longfellow.

Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. pâte, L. pasta, fr. Gr. &?; barley broth; cf. &?; barley porridge, &?; sprinkled with salt, &?; to sprinkle. Cf. Pasty, n., Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.

Paste eel (Zoöl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

Paste"board` (?), n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1. A crayon made of a pa