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<-- p. 199 -->
C.
C. ( 1. C is the third letter
of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in
old Latin represented the sounds of k, and
g (in go); its original value being the
latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman
Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C
was the same letter as the Greek got it from the
Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name
ce, and was derived, probably, through the French.
Etymologically C is related to g, h,
k, q, s (and other sibilant
sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus,
E. acute, ague; E. acrid,
eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E.
cat, kitten; E. coy,
quiet; L. circare, OF.
cerchier, E.
search.
See Guide to Pronunciation, \'c5\'c5
221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal
or \'bdnatural\'b8 scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in
its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale
of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common
time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The \'bdC clef,\'b8 a modification of the letter C,
placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle
C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin
centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the letter
C.
\'d8Ca*a"ba (?), n. [Ar.
ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b
cube] The small and nearly cubical stone building,
toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written
also kaaba.]
Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of
Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been
brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the
Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been
the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan
world.
Caas (?), n. sing. & pl.
Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close
carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle.
\'bdA cab came clattering up.\'b8
Thackeray.
cab may have two seats at right to the
driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the
driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the
engineer has his station.
Knight.
Cab (?), n. [Heb.
gab, fr. q\'bebab to hollow.] A
Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37)
pints.
W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Ca*bal" (?), n. [F.
cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr.
Heb. qabb\'bel\'c7h reception, tradition, mysterious
doctrine, fr. q\'bebal to take or receive, in Pi\'89l
qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition;
occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.]
Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] \'bdThe
measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but
lately.\'b8
B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design,
usually to promote their private views and interests in church or
state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few
designing persons; a junto.
It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose
names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington,
Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.
Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few
persons united in a close design; in intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women.
Dryden.
Syn. - Junto; intrigue; plot; combination;
conspiracy. -- Cabal, Combination,
Faction. An association for some purpose considered to
be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination
is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in
urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may
be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a
combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to
prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a secret
association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to
obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body
than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in
agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view
to change the existing order of things. \'bdSelfishness,
insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to
combinations, which belong particularly to the lower
orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds
are ever forming cabals. Factions belong
especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and
turbulent spirits for selfish porposes\'b8.
Crabb.
Ca*bal", v. i. [int. & p.
p./pos> Caballed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caballing]. [Cf. F.
cabaler.] To unite in a small party to
promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to
plot.
Caballing still against it with the great.
Dryden.
Cab"a*la (?), n. [LL. See
Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of
occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures
among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians, which
treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence.
It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of
Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of
interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The
cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art;
mystery.
Cab"a*lism (?), n. [Cf. F.
cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the
religion which one professes. [R]
Emerson.
Cab"a*list (?), n. [Cf.F.
cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or
the mysteries of Jewish traditions. \'bdStudious
cabalists.\'b8
Swift.
{ Cab`a*lis"tic (?),
Cab`a*lis"tic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an
occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter
of Genesis
.
Hallam.
Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
cabalistic manner.
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf.F.
cabaliser.] To use cabalistic
language. [R]
Dr. H. More.
Ca*bal"ler (?), n. One who
cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord.
Dryden.
Cab"al*line (?), a.
[L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf.
Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse.
-- n. Caballine aloes.
Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind
of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also
horse aloes. -- Caballine
spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon;
-- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the
winged horse Pegasus.
Cab"a*ret (?), n. [F.]
A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.
[Obs. as an English word.]
\'d8Ca*bas" (?), n. [F.]
A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat
workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written
caba.
C. Bront\'82.
\'d8Ca*bas"son (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A speciec of armadillo of the genus
Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X.
hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also
Kabassou.]
Cab"bage (?), n. [OE.
cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages),
chou cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It.
capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl,
hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or
fr. It. cappa cape. See Chiff,
Cape.] (Bot.) 1. An
esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild
Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a
compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc.,
are sometimes classed as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used,
like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree,
below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below.
Cabbage aphis (Zo\'94l.), a green
plant-louse (Aphis brassic\'91) which lives upon the
leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage Beetle
(Zo\'94l.), a small, striped flea-beetle
(Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval
state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage
and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage
butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a white butterfly
(Pieris rap\'91 of both Europe and America, and the
Allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which,
in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the
turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. --
Cabbage Fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
two-winged fly (Anthomyia brassic\'91), which feeds,
in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often
doing much damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head,
the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; --
contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and
silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage palmetto,
a species of palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found
along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. --
Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose
(Rosa centifolia) having large and heavy
blossoms. -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage
palm, a name given to palms having a terminal
bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto
of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and
Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. --
Cabbage worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of
several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages.
The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See
Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms,
which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night, are
the larv\'91 of several species of moths, of the genus
Agrotis. See Cutworm. -- Sea
cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale
(b). The original Plant (Brassica
oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli,
etc., have been derived by cultivation. --
Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels
sprouts.
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head like that
the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage.
Johnson.
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. &
p.p Cabbaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabbaging (.]
[F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf.
F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to
cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth
remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.
Arbuthnot.
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged
or purloined by one who cuts out garments.
Cab"bler (?), n. One who works
at cabbling.
Cab"bling (?), n. (Metal)
The process of breaking up the flat masses into which
wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be
reheated and wrought into bar iron.
{ \'d8Ca*be"\'87a, \'d8Ca*besse"
(?), } n. [Pg.
cabe\'87a, F. cabesse.] The
finest kind of silk received from India.
\'d8Ca"ber (?), n. [Gael]
A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial
of strength.
Cab`e*zon" (?), n. [Sp.,
properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.]
(Zo\'94l.) A California fish (Hemilepidotus
spinosus), allied to the sculpin.
Cab"i*ai (?), n. [Native South
American name.] (Zo\'94l.) The capybara.
See Capybara.
Cab"in (?), n. [OF.
caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of
cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane,
cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the
Celtic.] 1. A cottage or small house; a
hut.
Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west.
E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held
Her captive.
Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the
officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabined (-?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabining.] To live in, or as
in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave.
Shak.
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a
cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in
To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.
Cab"i*net (?), n. [F., dim. of
cabine or cabane. See Cabin,
n.] 1. A hut; a cottage; a small
house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a
closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are
held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's
cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive
officer of a nation; a cabinet council.
cabinet or cabinet
council consists of those privy coucilors who actually
transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley &
W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is
composed of the heads of the executive departments of the
government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of
War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the
Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard
intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b)
A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an
\'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See Etagere.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe
keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the
collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a) Same as
Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly
the full title). (b) A meeting of the
cabinet. -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a
cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a
photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than
a carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture,
a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a
small room and for close inspection.
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a cabinet;
small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet
edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cabineting.] To inclose
[R.]
Hewyt.
Cab"i*net*mak`er (?), n. One
whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of
household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art or
occupation of making the finer articles of household
furniture.
Cab"i*net*work` (?), n. The art
or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice
workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cab`i*re"an (?),n.One of the
Cabiri.
\'d8Cab*bi"ri (?), n. pl. [
NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.]
(Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with
mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and
afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph\'91stus
(or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals.
[Written also Cabeiri.]
Liddell & Scott.
Ca*bir"i*an (?), a. Same as
Cabiric.
Ca*bir"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri,
or to their mystical worship. [Written also
Cabiritic.]
Ca"ble (?), n. [F.
C\'83ble,m LL. capulum, caplum,
a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G.
rabel, from the French. See Capable.]
1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable
length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other
purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron
links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually
covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; as,
the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic
cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column,
or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble
the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable
molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower
anchor. -- Cable road, a railway on which the
cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by
a stationary motor. -- Cable's length, the
length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in
length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime
measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or
about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a
nautical mile). -- Cable tier. (a)
That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed.
(b) A coil of a cable. -- Sheet
cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. --
Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the
bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and
heavy seas. -- Submarine cable. See
Telegraph. -- To pay out the
cable, To veer out the cable, to
slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable
run out of the hawse hole. -- To serve the cable,
to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its
being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the
cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run
out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor.
Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
<-- p. 200 -->
<-- p. 200 -->
Ca"ble (?), v. t. 1.
To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling.
See Cabling.
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cabling (-bl\'ceng).]
To telegraph by a submarine cable
[Recent]
Ca"bled (?), a. 1.
Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope.
\'bdThe cabled stone.\'b8
Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling.
Ca"ble*gram` (?), n.
[Cable, n. + Gr. A message sent by a submarine telegraphic
cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the
newspapers.]
Ca"ble*laid` (?), a. 1.
(Naut.) Composed of three three-stranded ropes,
or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a
cable-laid gold chain.
Simmonds.
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of
cable; cf. F. c\'83blot.] A
little cable less than ten inches in circumference.
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.)
The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a
pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid
in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to
about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cab"man (?), n.; pl.
Cabmen (. The driver of a
cab.
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi
kab\'beb] 1. A small piece of
mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey
and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white
herrings and sweet herbs.
Wright.
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a
cabob.
Sir. T. Herbert.
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F.
caboche head. Cf. lst Cabbage.]
(Her.) Showing the full face, but nothing of the
neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing.
[Written also caboshed.]
Ca*boo"dle (?), n. The
whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in
the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang,
U.S.]
Bartlett.
Ca*boose" (?), n. [Cf. D.
kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw.
kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The
First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab
cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also
camboose.] 1. (Naut.)
A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly
called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or
construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool
car. [U. S.]
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F.
cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the
coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.)
Navigation along the coast; the details of coast
pilotage.
\'d8Ca*br\'82e" (?), n. [French
Canadian.] (Zo\'94l.) The pronghorn
antelope. [Also written cabrit,
cabret.]
Ca*brer"ite (?), n.
(Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous
arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the
Sierra Cabrera, Spain.
\'d8Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp.,
prawn.] (Zo\'94l) A name applied to various
species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and
related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of
California, etc. In California, some of them are also called
rock bass and kelp salmon.
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See
Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.]
(Man.) A curvet; a leap. See
Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited.
Sir W. Scott.
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim.
of cabriole a leap, caper, from It.
capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat,
capra she-goat. This carriage is so called from its
skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a
leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats and a
calash top.
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as
Cabr\'82e.
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf.
Cable, n.] (Naut.) A
small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize
tackles, etc.
{\'d8Ca*c\'91"mi*a (?),
\'d8Ca*ch\'91"mi*a} n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the
blood.
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.)
The essential principle of cacao; -- now called
theobromine.
\'d8Ca*ca*j\'eeo" (?), n.
[Pg.] (Zo\'94l) A South American
short-tailed monkey (Pithecia (. [Written also
cacajo.]
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex.
kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa,
Chocolate] (Bot.) A small
evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and
the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing
seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate,
and broma are prepared.
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F.
cachalot.] (Zo\'94l.) The sperm
whale (Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of
its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after
death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called
spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
\'d8Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding
place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A
hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and
preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry.
Kane.
{ Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al
(?), } a. [L.
cachecticus, Gr. cachectique.] Having, or pertaining to,
cachexia; as, cachectic remedies;
cachectical blood.
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Cache`pot" (k,
n. [F., fr. cacher to hide +
pot a pot.] An ornamental casing for a
flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.
\'d8Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr.
cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a
letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed
letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the
sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an
arbitrary order of imprisonment.
{ \'d8Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y
(?) }, n. [L. cachexia,
Gr. A condition of ill health and impairment
of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused
by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cach`in*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud,
cf Gr. Loud or immoderate
laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal
affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual
cachinnation.
Sir W. Scott.
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a.
Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval.
Carlyle.
\'d8Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A
fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the
manioc, and resembling perry.
Dunglison.
Cach"o*long (?), n, [F.
cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name
of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for
stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning \'bdbeautiful
stone\'b8] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white
chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of
opal.
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See
Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to
correct the odor of the breath.
\'d8Ca*chu"cha (?), n.
[Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time,
resembing the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled
cachuca (.]
The orchestra plays the cachucha.
Logfellow.
\'d8Ca*chun"de (?), n.
[Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche,
composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly
celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and
antispasmodic.
\'d8Ca*cique" (?), n.
[Sp.] See Cazique.
Cack (?), v. i. [OE.
cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr.
cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to
stool.
Pope.
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF.
caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of
E. cack.] (Zo\'94l.) The
mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered
poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.
Cac"kle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cackled
(-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cackling
(?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG.
kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln,
gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle,
Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp,
broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling.
Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling
of a hen or a goose; to giggle.
Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle.
Johnson.
Cac"kle (?), n. 1. The
sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an
egg.
By her cackle saved the state.
Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the
sermon.
Thackeray.
Cac"kler (?), n. 1. A
fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a
tattler.
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise of a
goose or a hen.
{ \'d8Cac`o*chym"i*a (?),
Cac"o*chym`y (?), } n.
[NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
cacochymie.]
(Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids,
of the body, especially of the blood.
Dunglison.
{ Cac`o*chym"ic (?),
Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), } a.
Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the
blood.
Wiseman.
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr.
cacod\'82mon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon.
Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare.
Dunaglison.
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a.
Heretical.
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr.
Erroneous doctrine;
heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy.
R. Turnbull.
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr.
-yl.]
(Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous,
arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4, spontaneously
inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is
the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen
compounds called hydrazines. [Written also
cacodyle, and kakodyl.]
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
cacodyl.
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline,
deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained
by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an
exceedingly stable acid; -- also called
alkargen.
<-- # error in original formula corrected! -->
\'d8Cac`o*\'89"thes (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. 1. A bad custom or habit; an
insatiable desire; as, caco\'89thes scribendi,
\'bdThe itch for writing\'b8.
Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition
in a disease; an incurable ulcer.
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr.
Troubled with bad digestion. [R.]
Carlyle.
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly
written or spelled.
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy; cf. F.
cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or
spelling.
Walpole.
\'d8Ca`co*let" (?), n.
[F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted
to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in
mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and
wounded of an army.
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy: cf. F.
cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad choice or use
of words.
Buchanan.
{ \'d8Ca`co*mix"le (?),
Ca`co*mix"tle (?), Ca"co*mix`l
(?) }, n. [Mexican name.]
A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta),
about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits
Mexico, Texas, and California.
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the
seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada
scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
{ Cac`o*phon"ic (?),
Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?), Ca*coph"o*nous
(?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) },
a. Harsh-sounding.
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Cacophonies (#). [Gr.
Cacophonie.] 1.
(Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words,
owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables.
\'bdCacophonies of all kinds.\'b8
Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant
sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the
voice.
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. A corruption or
corrupt state of art. [R.]
{ Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite
(?) }, n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous
phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The
phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of
plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E.
Cactuses (#), Cacti
(-t\'c6). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr.
(Bot.) Any plant of
the order Cactac\'91, as the prickly pear and the
night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have
leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns,
and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America.
Cactus wren (Zo\'94l.), an American
wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several
species.
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L.
cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate;
cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as,
cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L.
cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point,
fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or
pointed. [Obs.]
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
cadet.] 1. A person who stands at
the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares;
an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.]
Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar
fellow. [Cant]
Thackeray.
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.]
Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, Cadastral
map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale
(Usually topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of
houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of
distinctness.
Brande & C.
{ \'d8Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter }
(?), n. [f. cadastre.]
(Law.) An official statement of the quantity and
value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes
payable on such property.
<-- p. 201 -->
\'d8Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr
cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a
corpse.
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced
by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric
rigidity.
Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by
the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought
by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the
bodies. See Ptomaine.
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cadaverosus.]
1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human
body; pale; ghastly; as, a cadaverous
look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of,
a dead body. \'bdThe scent cadaverous.\'b8
-- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E.
codbait, cadbote fly.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Caddice.
{ Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?),
n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew;
cf. G. k\'94der bait.]
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of a caddice fly. These
larv\'91 generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end,
and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits
of wood, etc. They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also
caddice worm, or caddis
worm.
Caddice fly (Zo\'94l.), a species
of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas,
Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen
cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of
cloth, cotton, fustian, W. cadas, F.
cadis.] A kind of worsted lace or
ribbon. \'bdCaddises, cambrics, lawns.\'b8
Shak.
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad;
lowbred and presuming.
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE.
cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough +
daw jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag,
cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw,
n.] (Zo\'94l.) A jackdaw.
[Prov. Eng.]
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl.
Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt
catty, fr. Malay kat\'c6 a weight of 1\'a7
pounds. Cf. Catty.] A small box, can, or
chest to keep tea in.
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE.
cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset,
Coddle.] Bred by hand; domesticated;
petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him.
Sheldon.
Cade, v. t. To bring up or nourish by
hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr.
A barrel or cask, as of fish. \'bdA
cade of herrings.\'b8
Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000.
Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL.
cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus
Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries.
Oil of cade, a thick,
black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of
the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in
skin diseases.
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE.
cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a
falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F.
cadence, It. cadenza. See
Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking.
[Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low.
Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking,
especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any
sound; as, music of bells in cadence
sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest
cadence.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or
verse.
Golden cadence of poesy.
Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of
the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries)
to be \'bdprosed in faire cadence.\'b8
Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in
motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in
marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall
of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate
succession of the tonic to the dominant chord. (b)
A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause
before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a
flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under
Imperfect.
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by musical
measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief.
Philips.
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of
related families; distinction between the members of a family
according to their ages.
Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings
indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or
as a descendant of an older or younger son. See
Difference (Her.).
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F.
cad\'8ane.] A species of inferior carpet
imported from the Levant.
McElrath.
Ca"dent (?), a. [L.
cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere
to fall.] Falling. [R.]
\'bdCadent tears.\'b8
Shak.
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.]
(Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of
ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final
cadence.
Ca"der (?), n. See
Cadre.
Ca*det" (?), n. [F.
cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim.
fr. L. caput head; i. e., a
smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See
Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother
or son; the youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family.
Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who
carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of
acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission.
(b) A young man in training for military or naval
service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West
Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.
Naval
cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen
and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress
in 1882.
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The
position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a
cadetship.
{ Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm`
(?), } n. A caddice. See
Caddice.
Cadge (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Cadged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cadging.]
[Cf. Scot. cache, caich,
cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to drive,
catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage.
Cf. Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.]
Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc.
[Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to
beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.]
Wright.
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d
Cadger.] (Hawking) A circular
frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.
Cadg"er (?), n. [From
Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or
begging. [Prov. or Slang] \'bdThe gentleman
cadger.\'b8
Dickens.
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one
who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking)
One who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or
mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See
Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge
among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or
village.
{ Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), }
n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or
messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie.
Macaulay.
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar.
q\'be\'c8\'c6 judge + al'sker the army,
Per. leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish
empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to
the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own
officers.
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from
Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear,
shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking.
Johnson.
<-- 2. metaphor for the best -->
Cad"is (?), n. [F.]
A kind of coarse serge.
Cad*me"an (?), a. [L.
Cadmeus, Gr. Cadmus),
which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb.
qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a
fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into
Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- Cadmean letters.
Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the
victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the
battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth
sown by Cadmus slew each other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory?
--\'3e.
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L.
cadmia calamine, Gr. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide of zinc
which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed.
Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.
Cad"mi*an (?), a.
[R.] See Cadmean.
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as,
cadmic sulphide.
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See
Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively
rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It
is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic
weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named
it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and
sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F.
cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An
instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of
gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.
\'d8Ca"dre (?), n. [F.
cadre, It. quadro square, from L.
quadrum, fr. quatuor four.]
(Mil.) The framework or skeleton upon which a
regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the
staff. [Written also cader.]
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See
Caducous.] (Law) Relating to
escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or
belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L.
caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. (Myth.) The
official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the
gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive
wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about
it, and two wings at the top.
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to
fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.)
With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which
the gills do not remain in adult life.
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL.
caducitas: cf. F. caducit\'82. See
Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness
of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity.
Chesterfield.
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus
falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See
Cadence.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)
Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy,
or the gills of a tadpole.
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F.
caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable;
frail; transitory. [Obs.]
Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world.
Bp. Fisher.
Cad"y (?), n. See
Cadie.
\'d8C\'91"ca (?), n. pl. See
C\'91cum.
C\'91"cal (?), a. (Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind
gut.
2. Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one
opening; baglike; as, the c\'91cal extremity of a
duct.
\'d8C\'91"ci*as (?), n. [L.
caecias, Gr. A wind from the
northeast.
Milton.
C\'91*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L.
caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of
the species, the eyes being very minute.]
(Zo\'94l.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the
order C\'91cili\'91 or Ophimorpha. See
Ophiomorpha. [Written also
c\'d2cilian.]
\'d8C\'91"cum (?), n.; pl.
C\'91cums, L. C\'91ca (#).
[L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.]
(Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as
the blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The
blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the
small intestine; -- called also the blind
gut.
c\'91cum is comparatively small in
man, and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform
appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large
as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often
numerous intestinal c\'91ca.
C\'91`no*zo"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored
limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
C\'91"sar (?), n. [L.]
A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus
C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor
or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely
flattered and courted by C\'91sar on one side and by
Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.
{ C\'91*sa"re*an, C\'91*sa"ri*an
(?), } a. [L.
Caesareus, Caesarianus.] Of or
pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial.
C\'91sarean section (Surg.), the
operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the
walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius
C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the world by such
an operation.
C\'91"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
C\'82sarisme.] A system of government in
which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to
whom, as C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the
popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a
system of government.
C\'91"si*ous (?), a. [L.
caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.)
Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of
gray.
Lindley.
C\'91"si*um (?), n. [NL., from
L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.)
A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called
from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was
the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the
most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol
Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.
C\'91s"pi*tose` (?), a. Same as
Cespitose.
C\'91*su"ra (?), n.; pl. E.
C\'91suras (, L. C\'91sur\'91
( [L. caesura a cutting off, a
division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut
off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a
verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the
middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also,
a long syllable on which the c\'91sural accent rests, or which is
used as a foot.
c\'91sura is
between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.
C\'91*su"ral (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a c\'91sura.
C\'91sural pause, a pause made at a
c\'91sura.
\'d8Ca`f\'82" (?), n. [F. See
Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a
room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are
served.
{ Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh
(?), } n. [Turk. qahveh
kh\'beneh coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of
rest for travelers, where coffee is sold.
[Turkey]
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See
Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
obtained from, coffee.
Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee
tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance,
C9H8O4.
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F.
caf\'82ine. See Coffee.]
(Chem.) A white, bitter, crystallizable
substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the
alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with
guaranine from guarana.
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a.
[Caffeic + tannic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the
tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin obtained
from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
\'d8Caf"fi*la (?), n.
[Ar.] See Cafila.
Caf"fre (?), n. See
Kaffir.
{ \'d8Ca"fi*la (?), \'d8Ca"fi*leh
(?), } n. [Ar.] A
caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government
caravan; a string of pack horses.
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk.
qaft\'ben: cf. F. cafetan.] A
garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown
with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened
by a belt or sash.
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe
with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel.
Sir W. Scott.
Cag (?), n. See
Keg. [Obs.]
Cage (?), n. [F.
cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr.
cavus hollow. Cf. Cave, n.,
Cajole, Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of
openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other
animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay.
Cowper.
<-- p. 202 -->
2. A place of confinement for malefactors
Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage.
Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber,
inclosing something within it; as the cage of a
staircase.
Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A skeleton frame
to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve.
(b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with
pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift
or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope
is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire
mask.
Cage (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To
confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine.
\'bdCaged and starved to death.\'b8
Cowper.
Caged (?), a. Confined in, or
as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. \'bdThe
caged cloister.\'b8
Shak.
Cage"ling (?), n.
[Cage + -ling] A bird
confined in a cage; esp. a young bird.
[Poetic]
Tennyson.
\'d8Ca"git (?), n.
(Zo\'94l) A king of parrot, of a beautiful green
color, found in the Philippine Islands.
Cag"mag (?), n. A tough old
goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ca"got (?), n. [F.]
One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who
until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the
Visigoths.
\'d8Ca`hier" (?), n. [F., fr.
OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See
Quire of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded
into parts.] 1. A namber of sheets of paper
put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a
work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative
proceedings, etc.
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a
species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C.
recemosa; as, cahincic acid.
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr.
f. cohorte a a company or band.]
Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a
person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.]
Bartlett.
\'d8Cai`ma*cam" (?), n.
[Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in
Turkey.
Cai"man (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cayman.
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.)
See Cenozic.
\'d8Ca*\'8bque" (?), n. [F.,
fr. Turk. q\'be\'c6q boat.] (Naut..)
A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a
Levantine vessel of larger size.
\'d8\'80a"i*ra" (?). [F. \'87a ira,
\'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la lanterne, it shall go
on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern
(lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the
French Revolution.
Caird (?), n. [Ir.
ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a
tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn (?), n. [Gael.
carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W.
carn.] 1. A rounded or conical
heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles,
apparently as a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her
cairn.
Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to
arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an
exploring party, etc.
C. Kingsley. Kane.
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael.
carn a cairn + gorm azure.]
(Min.) A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock
crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of
Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr.
caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold
ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for
conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a
limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each
piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the
limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled
with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and
exploded on his appoach.
2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or
iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or
structures below the water level. (b) A
hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the
entrances of docks and basins. (c) A
structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel
to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or
soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a
caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting
upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the
caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to
the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE.
caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF.
caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched,
F. ch\'82tif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr.
capere to take, akin to E. heave. See
Heave, and cf. Captive.] 1.
Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly;
despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight.
W. Irving.
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a
prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and
slave.
Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character
meanness and wickedness meet.
The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down
the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in
the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone
signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition,
while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it.
Trench.
Caj"e*put (?), n. See
Cajuput.
Ca*jole" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cajoled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cajoling.] [F. cajoler,
orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse
with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF.
goale, jaiole, F. ge\'93le, dim.
of cage a cage. See Cage,
Jail.] To deceive with flattery or fair
words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a
reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act of
cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery.
Coleridge.
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer;
a wheedler.
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Cajoleries (. A wheedling to
delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. \'bdInfamous
cajoleries.\'b8
Evelyn.
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan
origin; k\'beyu tree + p\'d4tih
white.] (Med.) A highly stimulating
volatile infammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East
Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish
in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorlees or greenish oil extracted
from cajuput.
Cake (?), n. [OE.
cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage,
Sw. & Icel. kaka, D. koek,
G.kuchem, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin
loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake;
johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other
ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of
any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a
griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded
into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than
high; as, a cake of soap; an ague
cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the
flood.
Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zo\'94l), any species
of flat sea urchins belonging to the
Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the
refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance
from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass,
and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other
purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to
fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or
expected.
Shak.
Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or
mass.
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caking.] To concrete or consolidate
into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within.
Addison.
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose.
[Prov. Eng.]
Cak"ing coal` (?). See
Coal.
Cal (?), n. (Cornish
Mines) Wolfram, an ore of tungsten.
Simmonds.
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district on
the west coast of Africa.
Calabar bean, The of a climbing legumious
plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of tropical
Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction
of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and
rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal
bean, being used by the negroes in trials for
witchcraft.
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and
occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Cal"a*bash (?), n. [Sp.
calabaza, or Pg. calaba,
caba (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry
gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd +
aibas dry.] 1. The common gourd
(plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other
utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of
tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a
large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard
shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles,
etc. The African calabash tree is the
baobab.
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A
corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A
prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]
\'d8Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.]
A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse
is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
\'d8Ca*la"di*um (?), n.
[NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some
species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often
curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia)
for food.
Cal"a*ite (?), n. [L.
cala\'8bs, Gr. cala\'8bte.]
A mineral. See Turquoise.
Cal`a*man"co (?), n. [LL.
calamancus, calamacus; cf.
camelaucum; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr.
calmande a
woolen stuff.] A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped,
or checked. \'bda gay calamanco waistcoat.\'b8
Tatler.
Cal"a*man`der wood (?). A valuable
furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color,
with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of
ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros qusesita.
Called also Coromandel wood.
{ Cal"a*mar (?), Cal"a*ma*ry,
} n. [LL. calamarium inkstand,
fr. L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar,
calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus
Loligo and related genera. There are many species.
They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the
siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their
enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of
back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are
called squids. See Squid.
Cal"am*bac (?), n. [F.
calambac, calambour, from Malay
Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.]
(Bot.) A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Cal"am*bour (?), n. [See
Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes
wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture,
and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calamus reed + ferous.]
Producing reeds; reedy.
Cal"a*mine (?), n. [F.
calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L.
Cabmia. See Cadmia.] (min.)
A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.
smithsonite.
Cal"a*mint (?), n. [OE.
calamint, calemente (cf. F.
calament) fr. L. calamintha, Gr.
Mint.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial
plants (Calamintha) of the Mint family, esp. the
C. Nepela and C. Acinos, which are called
also basil thyme.
Cal"a*mist (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed
or pipe. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cal`a*mis"trate (?), v. i. [L.
calamistratus, curied with the curling iron, fr.
calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a
reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Cal`amis*tra"tion (?), n. The
act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.]
burton.
\'d8Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L.,
a curling iron.] (Zo\'94l.) A comblike
structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders
(Ciniflonid\'91), used to curl certain fibers in the
construction of their webs.
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L.
calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.]
(Paleon.) A fossil plant of the coal formation,
having the general form of plants of the modern
Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but
sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more
or less woody within. See Acrogen, and
Asterophyllite.
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L.
Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable.
[Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons.
South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery;
making wretched; wretched; unhappy. \'bdThis sad and
calamitous condition.\'b8 South. \'bdA
calamitous prison\'b8 Milton.
Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive;
grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad;
unfortunate.
-- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl.
Calamities (#). [L.
calamitas, akin to in-columis unharmed: cf.
F. calamit\'82] 1. Any great
misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or
disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or
individuals.
The word calamity was first derived from
calamus when the corn could not get out of the
stalk.
Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the
soul.
W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune;
misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.
Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity;
misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery;
evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. --
Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune,
Mishap, Mischance. Of these words,
calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat
continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of
man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest,
disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally
ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing
event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet.
Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is
simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of
events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be
charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap
are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to
individuals. \'bdA calamity is either public or
private, but more frequently the former; a disaster is
rather particular than private; it affects things rather than
persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often
attended with disasters; misfortunes are
usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the
individual.\'b8
Crabb.
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl.
Calami (#). [L., a reed. See
Halm.] 1. (Bot.) The
indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common
rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of Acorus
(A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or
sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste,
and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an
aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew
on floors.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The horny basal portion of
a feather; the barrel or quill.
\'d8Ca*lan"do (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in
rapidity and loudness.
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F.
cal\'8ache; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash,
koleso, kolo, wheel.] 1.
A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that
can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for
the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as
either an open or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding
herself, her two children, and her servants.
W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle,
with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown
back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be
drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.
<-- p. 203 -->
Ca`la*ve"rite (, n.
(Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with
metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in
Calaveras County California.
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a.
(Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as,
calcaneal arteries.
\'d8Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl. E.
-neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel,
fr. calx, calcis, the heel.]
(Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in
man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also
fibulare.
Cal"car (?), n. [L.
calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx,
calcis, lime. See Calx.] (Glass
manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used
for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into
frit.
Ure.
\'d8Cal"car, n.; L. pl.
Calcaria (#). [L., a pur, as worn
on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx,
calcis, the heel.] 1. (Bot.)
A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or
corolla.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony process
from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the
posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or
spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in
the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar
avis, hippocampus minor, or
ergot.
{ Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted
(?), } a. [LL.
calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d
Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower
of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Armed with a spur.
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a.
consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous
earths.
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a.
Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen.
Lyell.
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?),
a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous and
siliceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius pertaining to lime. See
Calx.] Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or
calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate
or carbonate of lime.
Clcareous spar. See as
Calcite.
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality of being
calcareous.
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calcarius of lime + ferous.]
Lime-yielding; calciferous
Cal"ca*rine (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the
calcar of the brain.
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet
wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of
Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or
Carcavelhos.]
Cal"ce*a"ted (?), a. [L.
calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic,
heel.] Fitted with, or wearing,
shoes.
Johnson.
Calced (?), a. [See
Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in
distintion from discalced or barefooted; as
the calced Carmelites.
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See
Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in
some precious stones.
{ Cal`ce*don"ic (?),
Cal`ce*do"ni*an, } a. See
Chalcedonic.
Cal"ce*i*form` (?), a. [L.
calceus shoe + -form.]
(Bot.) Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the
lady's-slipper; calceolate.
\'d8cal`ce*o*la"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr.
calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.]
(Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby
plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow
or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which
suggests its name.
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See
Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See
Calceiform.
\'d8Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See
Calx.
Cal"cic (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime: cf. F.
calcique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.
Cal*cif"er*ouse (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-ferous.] Bearing producing, or containing
calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferouse epoch (Geol.), and
epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately
succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar
mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of
the beds. See the Diagram under Grology.
Cal*cif"ic (?), a. Calciferous.
Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to hte
portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and
reptiles.
Huxley.
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The process of chenge into a stony or
calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally,
as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in
calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Cal"ci*fied (?), a. Consisting
of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts;
calcareous.
Cal"ci*form (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-form.] In the form of chalk or lime.
Cal"ci*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Calcified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcifying.] [L. calx,
calcis, lime + -fy.] To make
stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of
lime.
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become changed into
a stony or calcareous condition, in lime is a principal
ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-genouse.] (Chem.) Tending to
form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being
oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
calx, calcis, lime +
-gerouse.] Holding lime or other earthy
salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the
teeth.
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.] A white or
colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room,
consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white,
and water. [Also spelt
kalsomine.]
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p.
p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover
with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who
calcimines.
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may
be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To
calcine. [R.]
Cal`ci*na"tion (?), n. [F.
calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of
disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action
of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when
carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the
burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an
oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A
vessel used in calcination.
Cal*cine" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calciden
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcining.] [F. calciner,
fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by
the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of
heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to
produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to
reduce to a metallic calx.
Cal*cine", v. i. To be convereted into a
powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of
heat. \'bdCalcining without fusion\'b8
Newton.
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, calcines.
\'d8Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See
Porifera.
Cal"cite (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime.]
(Min.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime.
It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished
from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble.
Called also calc-spar and calcareous
spar.
Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety;
aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth
spar, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral
crystals; calc-sinter and calc-tufa are
lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from
calcareous deposits; agaric mineral is a soft, white
friable variety of similar origin; stalaclite and
stalagmite are varieties formed from the drillings in
caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety,
exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence
is called doubly refracting spar.
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick,
fr. calx, calcis , heel.]
Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i.
[L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare.
See Calcitrant.] To kick.
Cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. Act of
kicking.
Cal"ci*um (?), n. [NL., from L.
calx, calcis, lime; cf F.
calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.)
An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen
forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of
elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
Calcium is widely and abundantly
disseminated, as in its compounds calcium carbonate or
limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium
fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or
apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced by
the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a
combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal
gas; -- called also Drummond light.
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
calx lime + vorare to devour.]
Eroding, or eating into, limestone.
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
practices calcography.
{ Cal`co*graph"ic (?),
Cal`co*graph"ic*al, } a. Relating
to, or in the style of, calcography.
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
calx, calcis, lime, chalk +
-graphy.] The art of drawing with
chalk.
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E.
sinter.] See under Calcite.
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G.
kalk (L. calx) lime E.
spar.] Same as Calcite.
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G.
kalk (l. calx) lime + E.
tufa.] See under Calcite.
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
calculable.] That may be calculated or
ascertained by calculation.
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L.
calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf
calcularius pertaining to calculation.]
(Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little
stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calculater
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating
(?).] [L, calculatus, p. p.
of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a
stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx,
calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See
Calx.] 1. To ascertain or determine
by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of
arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe.
North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or
astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other
conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or
consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's
nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth.
Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought
or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to
an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the
government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit.
Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think.
[Local, U. S.]
Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate.
-- To Calculate, Compute.
Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means
by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We
calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of
knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We
compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn
the grand result. We reckon and count in
carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also
used in a secondary and figurative sense.
\'bdCalculate is rather a conjection from what is, as
to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of
what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive
conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen;
counting indicates an expectation. We
calculate on a gain; we compute any loss
sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we
reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the
hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives\'b8
Crabb.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make
a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate; to
compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never
calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as
calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained
or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the
calculated place of a planet; the calculated
velocity of a cannon ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or
forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts
calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether
intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is,
that some of them may be calculated to injure rather
than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an
experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of
generally received laws
.
Hawthorne.
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or
able to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought;
forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating
disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the
mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most
part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It
computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high
degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate,
from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or process of
making mathematical computations or of estimating results.
Cal`cu*la"tion (?), n. [OE.
calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF.
calcucation.] 1. The act or
process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning,
estimate. \'bdThe calculation of eclipses.\'b8
Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes
it.
Boyle.
2. An expectation based on cirumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port,
Abborrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
Tennyson.
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or
pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. calculateur.] One who computes or
reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of
causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the
effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
calculatorius.] Belonging to
calculation.
Sherwood.
Cal"cule (?), n. [F.
calcul, fr. L. calculus. See
Calculus.] Reckoning; computation.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See
Calculus.
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L.
calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a
calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a
calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected
with gravel or stone; as, a calculous
person.
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl.
Calculi (#) [L, calculus. See
Calculate, and Calcule.] 1.
(Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part
of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as
reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as,
biliary calculi; urinary calculi,
etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any
process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of
mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating
geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain
other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are
ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that
branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that
shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of
operations, that branch of mathematical logic that
treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. --
Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats
of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the
application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of
variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws
of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are
themselves subject to change. -- Differential
calculus, a method of investigating mathematical
questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small
quantities called differentials. The problems are
primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable
quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent
upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part
of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary
calculus, a method of investigating the relations of
real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols
and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus,
a method which in the reverse of the differential, the
primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the
indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the
relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from
having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the
expression itself.
<-- p. 204 -->
Cal"dron (?), n. [OE.
caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF.
caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron,
an aug. of F. chaudi\'8are, LL. caldaria,
fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr.
caldus, calidus, warm, fr.
calere to be warm; cf. Skr. \'87r\'be to
boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric,
Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper,
brass, or iron. [Written also
cauldron.] \'bdCaldrons of
boiling oil.\'b8
Prescott.
\'d8Ca*l\'8ache" (?), n. [F.
cal\'8ache.] See Calash.
Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The
ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.
Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. --
n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or
Scotland.
Ca*led"o*nite (?), n.
(Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead,
found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.
Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L.
calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make
warm; calere to be warm + facere to
make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]
Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance that
excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as
mustard.
Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
calefactio: cf. F. cal\'82faction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the production of
heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat
from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See
Calefactory. [R.]
Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater;
one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L.
calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or
communicating heat.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n. 1.
(Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and
used as a sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water,
or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the
priest to warm his hands with.
Cal"e*fy (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calefied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calefying.] [L. calere to be
warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.
Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or
warm.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Cal"em*bour` (?), n.
[F.] A pun.
Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE.
kalender, calender, fr. L.
kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F.
calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L.
calendue, kalendae, calends. See
Calends.] 1. An orderly arrangement
of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life,
as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year
with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the
dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which
are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of
Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons,
things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of
state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a
legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for
trial in court; a calendar of a college or an
academy.
Shepherds of people had need know the calendars
of tempests of state.
Bacon.
Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the
week and month. -- Calendar month. See under
Month. -- French Republican calendar.
See under Vend\'82miaire. --
Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar,
Perpetual calendar. See under
Gregorian, Julian, and
Perpetual.
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [Imp. & p.
p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Calendaring.] To enter or
write in a calendar; to register.
Waterhouse.
Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.
Cal"en*da*ry (?), a.
Calendarial. [Obs.]
Cal"en*der (?), n. [F.
calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L.
cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used
for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and
glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for
watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of
two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the
necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of
calendering.
My good friend the calender.
Cawper.
Cal"en*der (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calendered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendering.] [Cf. F.
calandrer. See Calender, n.]
To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth
and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper,
etc.
Ure.
Cal"en*der, n. [Per.
qalender.] One of a sect or order of
fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n.
[Calendar + -graph +
er.] One who makes calendars.
[R.]
Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person
who calenders cloth; a calender.
{ Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al
(?), } a., Of or pertaining to a
calendar.
Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE.
kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month,
fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call,
proclaim, Gr. Claim.]
The first day of each month in the ancient Roman
calendar. [Written also kalends.]
The Greek calends, a time that will never
come, as the Greeks had no calends.
\'d8Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.)
A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species,
Calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was
supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the
name.
Ca*len"du*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless
substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous
to bassorin.
Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F.
calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever,
fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to
be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly
given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of
furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which
sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a
green field, and to throw himself into it.
Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the
delirium of one affected with calenture.
[Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air
Or calentures in depths of limpid flood.
Wordsworth.
Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L.
calescens, p.pr. of
calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.]
Growing warmth; increasing heat.
Calf (?), n.; pl.
Calves (#). [OE. calf,
kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D.
kalf, G. kalb, Icel. k\'belfr,
Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth.
kalb\'d3; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr.
grabh to seize, conceive, Ir.
colpa, colpach, a calf. \'fb222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of
quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the
elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf;
especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding;
as, to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly
person; a dolt. [Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf.
Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the
Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged
part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.
Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. k\'belfi.] The
fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.
Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of
calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by
boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.
Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or
skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.
\'d8Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo
Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god
Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]
{ Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre }
(?), n. [F. calibre, perh.
fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence,
of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar.
q\'belib model, mold. Cf. Calipers,
Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore,
as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or
size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8
inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes.
Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small
caliber.
Prescott.
caliber of firearms is expressed in
various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a
solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder;
pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are
designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or
a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of
an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch
caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of
a bullet or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.
Burke.
Caliber compasses. See Calipers.
-- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an
instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's
weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's
caliber, the weight of her armament.
Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To
ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more
generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the
various standards or graduated instruments.
Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The
process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer
tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more
generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in
any graduated instrument.
Cal"ice (?), n. [See
Calice.] See Chalice.
Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L.
caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a
cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with
elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is
formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures
inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See
Campanularian. [Written also
calycle. See Calycle.]
Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl.
Calicoes (#). [So called because
first imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf.
F. calicot.] 1. Plain white cloth
made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according
to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting
calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc.
[Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes
appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East
India Company
.
Beck (Draper's Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured
pattern.
calico is
applied only to the printed fabric.
Calico bass (Zo\'94l.), an edible,
fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and
lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi
valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its
variegated colors; -- called also calicoback,
grass bass, strawberry
bass, barfish, and
bitterhead. -- Calico
printing, the art or process of impressing the figured
patterns on calico.
Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or
having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal,
as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color
strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Cal"i*co*back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The calico bass.
(b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia
histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden
plants; -- called also calico bug and
harlequin cabbage bug.
{ Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a.
Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a.
Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for
calycular, calyculate.
Cal"id (?), a. [L.
calidus, fr. calere to be hot.]
Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat.
[Obs.]
Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See
Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey
hot air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced.
Evelyn.
{ Ca"lif (?), n.,
Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc.
Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.
Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to California. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of California.
Cal`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to
be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.]
Dimness; cloudiness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L.
caliginosus dark. See Caligation.]
Darkness. [R.]
G. Eliot.
Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L.
caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.]
Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure.
[R.]
Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air.
Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.
\'d8Ca*li"go (?), n. [L.,
darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of
sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck
itself.
Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See
Calligraphic.
Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See
Caligraphy.
\'d8Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr.
Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in
India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin,
of which the Chinese make tea canisters.
Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F.
carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf
Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a
turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and
gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a
delicacy in preparations of turtle.
Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See
Calipash] A part of a turtle which is
attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous
substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a
delicacy.
Thackeray.
Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl.
[Corrupted from caliber.] An
instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses
with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of
bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts,
shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also
caliper compasses, or caliber
compasses.
Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's
square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws.
Knight. -- Vernier calipers. See
Vernier.
Ca"liph (?), n. [OE.
caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf.
Sp. califa), fr. Ar. khal\'c6fan successor,
fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar;
-- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and
spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey,
[Writting also calif.]
Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F.
califat.] The office, dignity, or
government of a caliph or of the caliphs.
Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.
Calippic period, a period of seventy-six
years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic
cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years
by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by
something more.
Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of
Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and
other closely related species.
\'d8Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.]
A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women
and children.
Cal`is*then"is (?), a. [Gr.
Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The
science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and
limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light
gymnastics.
Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun,
variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size
of bore. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Ca"lix (?), n. [L.]
A cup. See Calyx.
Calk (?), v. t.
[imp. &p. p. Calked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.]
[Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg.
calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar.
qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm
tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the
French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Calk to copy, Inculcate.] 1.
To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of
(a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is
completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal
plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to
force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so
fill the crevice.
Calk (?), v. t.
[E.calquer to trace, It. caicare to
trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr.
calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To
copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black
chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines,
so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against
which it is laid or held. [Writting also
calque]
<-- p. 205 -->
Calk (?), n. [Cf. AS
calc shoe, hoof, L. calx,
calcis, hel, c\'84lcar, spur.]
1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel
projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent
the animal from slipping; -- called also
calker, calkin.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the
sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk (?), v. i. 1. To
furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to
calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a
leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.
Calk"er (?), n. 1. One
who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk,
n., 1.
Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a
shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calk"ing (?), n. The act or
process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with
calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in
calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide.
Dryden.
Call (?), v. i.
[imp.& p. p. Called (?);
p. r. & vb. n. Calling] [OE.
callen, AS. ceallin; akin to Icel & Sw.
kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to
talk, prate, Gr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]
1. To command or request to come or be present; to
summon; as, to call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain
Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty;
to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a
religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as,
to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite;
as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a
church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle
Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the
work whereunto I have called them.
Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; --
often with together; as, the President
called Congress together; to appoint and summon;
as, to call a meeting of the Board of
Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament.
Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak
of, by a specifed name.
If you would but call me Rosalind.
Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he
called Night.
Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind;
to denominate; to designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely;
to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they
call the distance ten miles; he called it a
full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand
men.
Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or
nationality of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard.
Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often
with off; as, to call, or call
off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a
military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear.
Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness.
2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.
I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount
of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party
(Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and
command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his
presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. --
To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to
summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as
blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to
bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the
faculties of the mind. -- To call in,
(a) To collect; as, to call in debts or
money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in
uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite
to come together; as, to call in neighbors. --
To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous
names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon
away; to divert; as, to call off the attention;
to call off workmen from their employment. --
To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to
challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call
out the militia. -- To call over, to
recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. --
To call to account, to demand explanation of.
-- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in
memory. -- To call to order, to request to
come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it
for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the
rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to
admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call
up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as
to call up the image of deceased friend. (b)
To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration
of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.
Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke;
assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to;
designate. To Call, Convoke,
Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to
call a public meeting. To convoke is to
require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of
authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To
summon is to require attendance by an act more or less
stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.
Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud
voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with
to.
You must call to the nurse.
Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar.
Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one.
Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some
place designated, as for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a
week.
Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to
require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey,
grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the
quantity of land, etc., which it describes.
(b) To give an order for; to request.
\'bdWhenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for
more ale.\'b8 Marryat. -- To call on,
To call upon, (a) To make a short
visit to; as, call on a friend.
(b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly;
as, to call upon a person to make a speech.
(c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a
debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship;
as, to call upon God. -- To call
out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.
Call (?), n. 1. The
act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise,
as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a
summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for
help; the bugle's call. \'bdCall
of the trumpet.\'b8
Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not.
Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe,
to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge
of or serve a church as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the
circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity.
Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty.
Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a
call to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense,
calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a call
on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to
solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call.
Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to
encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by
the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a
noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by
imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or
statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of
description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a
carresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock,
grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a
certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4.
At call, On call,
liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice;
as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird
taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy
(a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy
who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the
engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who
answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell
boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by
the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by
birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of
the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling
over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for
other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the
ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the
bar, admission to practice in the courts.
Cal"la (?), n. [Linn\'91us
derived Calla fr. Gr. calla, calsa, name of an
unknown plant, and Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order
Arace\'91.
Calla of cultivation is
Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the
same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy
spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.
Cal"lat (?), n. Same as
Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue.
Shak.
Calle (?), n. [See
Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Call"er (?), n. One who
calls.
\'d8Cal"ler (?), a.
[Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh;
as, a caller day; the caller
air.
Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as,
caller berrings.
Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. &
Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A
trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.]
[Written also callat.]
Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold.
[Obs.]
Brathwait.
Cal"lid (?), a. [L.
callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned,
to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.]
Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty.
[R.]
Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment;
cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity.
C. Smart.
Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
{ Cal`li*graph"ic (?),
Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), } a.,
[Gr. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to
calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act.
T. Warton.
Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A
calligrapher
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr.
calligraphie.] Fair or elegant
penmanship.
Call"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to
summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of
Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment.
Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state
of being divinely called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling.
2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure.
2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or
reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an
answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation;
business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent.
Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any
particular professions or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings.
Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name.
[Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son
His youngest son, and would not change that
calling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession;
office; engagement; vocation.
Cal*li"o*pe (?), n. [L.
Calliope, Gr. kalli- (from kallos
beautiful) + 1.
(Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over
eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the
nine Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See
Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of series of
steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by
keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to
steamboat boilers.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A beautuful species of
humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and
adjacent regions.
\'d8Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. pref. (Bot.) A popular
name given to a few species of the genus Careopsis,
especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.
Cal`li*pash" (, n. See
Calipash.
Cal`li*pee" (, n. See
Calipee.
Cal`li*pers (, n. pl. See
Calipers.
Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L.
callere to be insensible + E.
section.] Painless vivisection; -- opposed
to sentisection.
B. G. Wilder.
{ Cal`lis*then"ic, a.,
Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. }
See Calisthenic, Calisthenics.
Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A
somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin
horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a
charivari. [U. S.]
Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U.
S.]
Cal*lo"san (?), a.
(Anat.) Of the callosum.
Cal"lose (?), a. [See
Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with
protuberant or hardened spots.
Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Callosities (#). [L.
callasitas; cf. F. calost\'82.]
A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and
thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of
continued pressure or friction.
\'d8Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL.,
fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.)
The great band commissural fibers which unites the two
cerebral hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under
Carpus.
Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif or
skullcap. Same as Calotte.
B. Jonson.
Cal"lous (?), a. [L.
callosus callous hard, fr. callum,
callus, callous skin: cf. F.
calleux.] 1. Hardenes;
indurated. \'bdA callous hand.\'b8
Goldsmith. \'bdA callous ulcer.\'b8
Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling;
unsusceptible. \'bdThe callous diplomatist.\'b8
Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous
to ridicule.
T. Arnold.
Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible;
unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate.
-- Cal"lous*ly, adv. --
Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul.
Bentley.
Cal"low (?), a. [OE.
calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu;
akin to D. kaal, OHG. chalo, G.
Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,
Which, o'er the callow young, a sparrow pressed.
Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; \'bdgreen\'b8; as, a
callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid.
Old Play [1675].
Cal*low" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [Named from its note.] A
kind of duck. See Old squaw.
Cal"lus (?), n. [L. See
Callous.] 1. (Med.)
(a) Same as Callosity. (b
The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance
exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or
cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into
true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over the
end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.
Calm (?), n. [OE.
calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp.
calma (cf. Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL.
cauma heat, fr. Gr. Caustic] Freodom from motion, agitation, or
disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion
or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness;
quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.
Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a
man's own making.
South.
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calming.] [Cf. F. calmer.
See Calm, n.] 1. To make
calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to
calm the winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus.
Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to
still or soothe, as the mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.
Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize;
soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm (?), a.
[compar. Calmer (?);
super. Calmest (?)]
1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or
waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed.
\'bdCalm was the day.\'b8
Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still.
Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated
or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech.
\'bdCalm and sinless peace.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdWith calm attention.\'b8 Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure
And self-commanding hearts ensure.
Keble.
Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful;
serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calm"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes calm.
Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm
manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows.
Denham.
Calm"ness, n. The state of quality of
being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood.
Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power.
E. Everett.
Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity;
serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.;
sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race
inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also
(sing.), the language of the Calmucks.
[Written also Kalmucks.]
Calm"y (?), a. [Fr.
Calm, n.] Tranquil; peaceful;
calm. [Poet.] \'bdA still and calmy
day\'b8
Spenser.
Cal"o*mel (?), n. [Gr.
calom\'82las.]
(Chem.) Mild chloride of mercury, Hg
Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The
conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation
of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility.
Tyndall.
Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L.
calor heat; cf. F. calorique.]
(Physics) The principle of heat, or the agent to
which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly
ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but
sometimes used as a general term for heat.
Caloric expands all bodies.
Henry.
Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to
caloric.
Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated
air.
Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n.
(Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and
preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal
heat.
Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L.
calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E.
duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat;
a caliduct.
Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L.
calor heat.] (Physics) The unit
of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat
requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one
gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F.
calorif\'8are, fr. L. calor heat +
ferre to bear.] An apparatus for conveying
and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water
circulating in tubes.
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a.
(Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L.
calorificus; calor heat + facere
to make; cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing
the quality of producing heat; heating.
Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays
which emanate from the sum, and burning and heated
bodies.
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. calorification.] Production of
heat, esp. animal heat.
Ca*lor`i*fi"clent (?), a.
(Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of
producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon,
as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body
by oxidation.
Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L.
calor heat + -meter; cf. F.
calorim\'8atre.] 1.
(Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount
of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or
chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion,
etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for
measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in
steam.
Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or
pertaining to process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results.
Nichol.
Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n.
(Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat
in bodies.
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L.
calor heat + E. motor.]
(Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large
surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.
{ \'d8Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot
(?) }, n. [F. calotte,
dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf.
Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim.
Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at
law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under
their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the
Roman Catholic Church.
To assume the calotte, to become a
priest.
Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr.
(Photog.) A method of taking photographic
pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also
called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox.
Talbot.
Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr.
A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite,
anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on
or near Mt. Athos.
Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk,
v. t.
{ Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap
(?), } n. [OE.
calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both
senses), fr. AS. collr\'91ppe, calcetreppe,
sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle,
trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star
thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E.
trap. See 1st Trap.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants
(Tribulus) of the order Zygophylle\'91,
having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and
resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species
grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to
cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron
points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground,
the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where
an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by
endangering the horses' feet.
Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from
kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.]
(Med.) The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza
Calumba, and probably Cocculus palmatus),
indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste,
and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also
colombo, columbo, and
calombo.]
American calumba, the Frasera
Carolinensis, also called American
gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter
tonic in place of calumba.
Ca*lum"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white
crystalline substance from the calumba root.
[Written also colombin, and
columbin]
Cal"u*met (?), n. [F.
calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See
Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of
pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The
bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long
reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe,
As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.
calumet is used as a symbol of peace.
To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to
refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal
or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to
strangers that they are welcome.
Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i.
[Imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p.
pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L.
calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See
Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v.
t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime
or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to
libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and
calumniate all godly men's doings.
Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify;
traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See
Asperse.
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil
reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to
make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. False
accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false
representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to
injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors.
Bacon.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n.
[L.] One who calumniates.
Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a.
Containing calumny; slanderous.
Montagu.
Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
calumniosus.] Containing or implying
calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation;
slanderous; as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes.
Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious;
derogatory; libelous; abusive.
-- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.
Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl.
Calumnies (#). [L.
calumnia, fr. calvi to devise tricks,
deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge,
n.] False accusation of a crime or offense,
maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious
misrepresentation; slander; detraction. \'bdInfamouse
calumnies.\'b8
Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not
escape calumny.
Shak.
\'d8Cal*va"ri*a (?), n. [L. See
Calvary.] (Anat.) The bones of the
cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper
portion.
Cal"va*ry (?), n. [L.
calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp
without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F.
calvaire.] 1. The place where
Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem.
Luke xxiii. 33.
calvaria is a translation of
the Greek Golgotha.
Dr. W. Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting
of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves,
often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of
other personages who were present at the crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps;
-- more properly called cross calvary.
Calve (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p.
pr. & vb. n. Calving.] [AS.
cealfian. See Calf.] 1.
To bring forth a calf. \'bdTheir cow
calveth.\'b8
Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce
offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?
Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved.
Molton.
Cal"ver (?), v. i. 1.
To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon.
[Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat
sprats.
Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered
salmon.
Nares.
Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be
susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's flesh will
calver.
Catton.
Calves"*snout (?), n.
(Bot.) Snapdragon.
Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or
doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the
16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic
churches.
five points of Calvinism, are original sin
or total depravity, election or predestination, particular
redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the
saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications
in different churches and at various times.
Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a
believer in Calvinism.
{ Cal`vin*is"tic (?),
Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin;
accepting or Teaching Calvinism. \'bdCalvinistic
training.\'b8
Lowell.
Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To
convert to Calvinism.
Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf;
stupid.
Sheldon.
Calx (?), n.; pl. E.
Calxes (#), L. Calces
(#). [L. Calx, calcis.
limestone; cf. Gr. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W.
careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime.
[Obs.] (b) The substance which remains
when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or
combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine
powder.
oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the
post.
{ Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?),
cal*lyc`i*flo"rous (?), } a.
[L. calyx, -ycis, calyx +
flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Having the petals and stamens adnate to
the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in
the system of the French botanist Candolle.
Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L.
calyx, calycis, calyx +
-form.] (Bot.) Having the form
or appearance of a calyx.
{ Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine
(?), } a. (Bot.)
Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.
Cal"y*cle (?), n.
[L.calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of
calyx. See Calyx, and cf.
Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small
bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.
Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.)
Calyculate.
\'d8Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs of
which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped
with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral
sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four
large compartments. See Lucernarida.
Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a.
(Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts
of a calycle.
{ Ca*lyc"u*late (?),
Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?) }, a.
(Bot.) Having a set of bracts resembling a
calyx.
Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. ( (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian
age.
Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or pebble
stone, used in building walls, etc.
Haliwell.
Ca*lyp"so (?), n. [The
Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]
(Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid,
having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It
grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the
United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid
which reaches 68
Ca*lyp"tra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an
extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small
flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any
similar covering body.
Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a.
[Calyptra + -form.] Having
the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.
Ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. E.
Calyxes (#), L. Calyces
(#). [L. calyx, -ycis,
fr. Gr. Chalice Helmet.] 1.
(Bot.) The covering of a flower. See
Flower.
calyx is usually green and
foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as
the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is
called a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the
pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal
papil\'91.
Cal*zoons" (?), n. pl. [F.
cale\'87ons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr.
L. calceus shoe.] Drawers.
[Obs.]
Cam (?), n. [Dan.
kam comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir.,
cam bet. See 1st Come.] 1.
(Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece
which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its
surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives
such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or
rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge,
movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces
together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or
other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable
motion to another piece against which its acts.
<-- p. 207 -->
Cams are much used in machinery involving
complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine,
pin machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow.
Eng.]
Wright.
Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one
or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or
upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that
its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent
motion.
Cam (?), a. [See
Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.]
Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of
unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.] 1. A
cameo. [Obs.]
Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one
color; monochrome.
Mollett.
Ca*mail" (?), n. [F.
camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L.
caput head + source of E. mail.]
1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain
mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than mail; esp.
(Eccl.), a hood worn in church services, -- the amice,
or the like.
\'d8Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL. fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of gigantic American Jurassic
dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal
vertebr\'91.
\'d8Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp.,
a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers,
as of a king; a cabal or clique.
Cam"ass (?), n. [American
Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered
liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of northwestern
America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the
Indians. [Written also camas,
cammas, and quamash.]
Eastern cammass is Camassia
Fraseri.
Cam"ber (?), n. [Of.
cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to
vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr.
camera vault, arch. See Chamber, and cf.
Camerate.] 1. (Shipbuilding)
An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she
has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual
convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the
under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward
concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback.
Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose
intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave
curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.),
a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an
upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward
curve.
Cam"ber, v. i. To curve upward.
Cam"ber*keeled (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not
actually hogged; -- said of a ship.
Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL.
cambialis, fr. cambiars. See
Change.] Belonging to exchanges in commerce;
of exchange. [R.]
Cam"bist (?), n. [F.
cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L.
cambire to exchange. See Change.]
A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills
of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.
Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The science
of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL.
cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into
wood.] 1. (Bot.) A series of
formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of
the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the
cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice,
formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of
the system, and to promote its increase.
Dunglison.
Cam"blet (?), n. See
Camlet.
Cam*boge" (?), n. See
Gamboge.
Cam*boose" (?), n.
(Naut.) See Caboose.
Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of
linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to
cambric.
Cam"brel (?), n. See
Gambrel, n., 2.
Wright.
Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient
Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.
Cam"bri*an (?), a. 1.
(Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or
Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the
lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age;
-- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named
from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the
Diagram under Geology.
Cam"bri*an, n. 1. A native of
Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.
Cam"bric (?), n. [OE.
camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish
Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders),
where it was first made.] 1. A fine, thin,
and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . .
inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns.
Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of
fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; --
also called cotton cambric, and
cambric muslin.
Cam"bro*Brit"on (?), n. A
Welshman.
Came (?), imp. of
Come.
Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot.
came, caim, comb, and OE. camet
silver.] A slender rod of cast lead, with or without
grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold
together the panes or pieces of glass.
Cam"el (?), n. [Oe.
camel, chamel, OF. camel,
chamel, F. chameau L. camelus,
fr. Gr. g\'bem\'bel,
Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L.
camelus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying
burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability
to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and
situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the
animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus
dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian
camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and
vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus
(Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a
large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a
shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water,
the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the
sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is
lifted.
Camel bird (Zo\'94l.), the
ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zo\'94l.),
the mantis. -- Camel's thorn
(Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi
maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a
sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called
manna.
Cam"el*backed` (?), a. Having a
back like a camel; humpbacked.
Fuller.
Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See
Chaceleon. [Obs.]
Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; --
named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said to have
brought it from the East.] (Bot.) An
Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and
showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for
ornament, and C. Sassanqua and
C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil
which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred
to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.
Ca*mel"o*pard (?), n. [LL.
camelopardus, L. camelopardalus,
camelopardalis, fr. Gr. cam\'82lopard. The camelopard has a
neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See
Camel, and Pard.] (Zo\'94l.)
An African ruminant; the giraffe. See
Giraffe.
Came"lot (?), n. See
Camelet. [Obs.]
Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of
camel's hair.
Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used by
painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar
materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name
often given to a cashmere shawl. See
Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.
Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl.
Cameos (#). [It cammeo;
akin to F. cam\'82e, cama\'8beu, Sp.
camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus;
of unknown origin.] A carving in relief, esp. one on a
small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or
like.
Cameo conch (Zo\'94l.), a large,
marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C.
rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See
Quern conch.
Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E.
Cameras (#), L. Camerae
(#). [L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See
Chamber.] A chamber, or instrument having a
chamber. Specifically: The camera obscura when used
in photography. See Camera, and Camera
obscura.
Bellows camera. See under
Bellows. -- In camera (Law),
in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge
hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in
camera. -- Panoramic, Pantascopic, camera, a
photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate
revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively
to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; --
used in photographing broad landscapes.
Abney.
Came"rade (?), n. See
Comrade, [Obs.]
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to finance and public revenue.
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf.
F. cam\'82ralistique, G. kameralistik, fr.
L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.]
The science of finance or public revenue.
\'d8Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L.
camera chamber + L. lucidus,
lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.) An
instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an
arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external
object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface,
as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently
traced. It is generally used with the microscope.
\'d8Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL.
camera chamber + L. obscurus,
obscura, dark.] (Opt.) 1.
An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed
by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or
other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror
within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be
traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the
image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses.
thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back or
an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modifled; --
commonly called simply the camera.
Cam"er*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Camerated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Camerzting.] [L.
cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See
Camber.] 1. To build in the form of
a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cameratio.] A vaulting or arching
over. [R.]
\'d8Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n.
[It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who
presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed
great power. [Written also camerlengo and
camarlengo.]
{ Cam`e*ro"ni*an } (?),
n. A follower of the Rev. Richard
Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies
II.
\'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the
\'bdindulgence\'bd offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on
the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II
deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at
the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination
(afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to
recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to
the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political
rights.
Cam"is (?), n. [See
Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe.
[Also written camus.]
[Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk.
Spenser.
{ Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do
(?), } n. [F. camisade
a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See
Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.)
(a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in
order to be able to recognize one another in a night
attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers
wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season.
Holinshed.
\'d8Cam"i*sard (?), n.
[F.] One of the French Protestant insurgents who
rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of
Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (camise)
which they wore.
Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed
with a shirt over the other garments.
\'d8Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See
chemise.] 1. A short dressing jacket
for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Cam"let (?), n. [F.
camelot (akin to Sp. camelote,
chamelote, It. cambellbito,
ciambellotto, LL. camelotum,
camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr.
kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused with
camel, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf.
Calamanco] A woven fabric originally made of
camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and
cotton. [Sometimes written camelot and
camblet.]
Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or undulating like
camlet; veined.
Sir T. Herbert.
Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.)
See Camass.
Cam"mock (?), n. [AS.
cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having
long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; --
called also rest-harrow. The Scandix
Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock.
{ Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile }
(?), n.[LL. camonilla,
corrupted fr. Gr. Humble, and
Melon.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs
(Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common
camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its
flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste.
They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the
volatile oil is carminative.
\'d8Ca*mon"flet (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) A small mine, sometimes
formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the
earth and cut off the retreat of the miners.
Farrow.
{ Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys
(?), } a. [F. camus
(equiv. to camard) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic
Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L.
camur, camurus, croked.] Flat;
depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose.
[Obs.]
Ca"moused, (, a. [From
Camouse] Depressed; flattened.
[Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused.
B. Jonson
Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Camp (?), n. [F.
camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus
plant, fleld; akin to Gr. Campaing,
Champ, n.] 1. The ground
or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as
for an army or for lumbermen, etc.
Shzk.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter,
commonly arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston.
W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's
camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of
soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a
flight.
Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which
potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against
frost; -- called also burrow and
pie. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle.
See champion.] An ancient game of football,
played in some parts of England.
Halliwell.
Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be
folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. --
camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling
often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are
inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters,
to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp
chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly
for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of
strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever,
typhus fever. -- Camp follower, a
civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. --
Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air
preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It
usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in
tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp
stool, the same as camp chair, except that
the stool has no back. -- Flying camp
(Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid
motion from one place to another. Farrow. --
To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of
a camp. -- To strike camp, to take down the
tents or huts of a camp.
Camp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Camped (?);
p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To
afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
<-- p. 208 -->\'3e
Camp, v. i. 1. To pitch or
prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with
out.
They camped out at night, under the stars.
W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
To play the game called camp. [Prov.
Eng.]
Tusser.
Cam*pa"gna (?), n. [It. See
Campaing.] An open level tract of country;
especially \'bdCampagna di Roma.\'b8 The extensive
undulating plain which surrounds Rome.
\'d8Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. ,
fr. campagne field.] (Zo\'94l.)
A mouse (Arvicala agrestis), called also
meadow mouse, which often does great damage in
fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.
Cam*paign" (?), n. [F.
campagne, It. campagna, fr. L.
Campania the level country about Naples, fr.
campus field. See Camp, and cf.
Champaign, Champagne.] 1.
An open field; a large, open plain without considerable
hills. SeeChampaign.
Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military
operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during
which an army keeps the field.
Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a
canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a
blast furnace is continuously in operation.
Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve
in a campaign.
Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who
has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a
veteran.
Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL.
campana bell. Cf. Campanle.]
1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower.
Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as
Gutta.
Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.)
Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.
\'d8Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp.,
a bellman.] (Zo\'94l.) The bellbird of
South America. See Bellbird.
Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See
Campana.] (Her.) Bells.
[R.]
\'d8Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See
Campaig.] Open country.
Sir W. Temple.
Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL.
campana bell + -form: cf. F.
companiforme.] Bell-shaped.
\'d8Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It.
campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL.
campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell
tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and
magnificent atructures.
Swift.
Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See
Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate;
campaniform.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL.
campana bell _ -logy.] The art
of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.
\'d8Cam*pan"u*la (?), n. [LL.
campanula a little bell; dim. of campana
bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants
bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also
called bellflower.
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants (Camponulace\'91) of which Campanula
is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the
harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L.
campanula a bell.] (Zo\'94l.) A
hydroid of the family ampanularid\'91, characterized
by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles
or hydrothec\'91.
Cam*pan"u*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Bell-shaped.
Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From
Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.]
(Eccl.) A member of the denomination called
Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the
term Campbellite as a nickname. See
Christian, 3.
Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of
Campeachy, in Mexico.] Logwood.
Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges
temporarily in a hut or camp.
{ Cam*pes"tral (?),
Cam*pes"tri*an (?), } a.
[L. campester, fr. campus
field.] Relating to an open fields; drowing in a
field; growing in a field, or open ground.
Camp"tight` (?), n. [Cf.
Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.)
A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.
Cam"phene (?), n. (Chem.)
One of a series of substances C10H16,
resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.
Cam*phine" (?), n. [From
Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used
for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.
Cam"phire (?), n. An old
spelling of Camphor.
Cam"pho*gen (?), n.
[Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called
as derived from camphor: cf. F. camphog\'8ane.]
(Chem.) See Cymene.
Cam"phol (?), n.
[Camphol + -ol.]
(Chem.) See Borneol.
Cam"phor (?), n. [OE.
camfere, F. camphre (cf. It.
camfara, Sp. camfara, alcanfor,
LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. k\'bef\'d4r, prob. fr. Skr.
karp\'d4ra.] 1. A tough, white,
aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the
Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum
camphara (the Laurus camphara of Linn\'91us.).
Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and
is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or
sedative.
2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from
a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and
Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor,
camphor of Borneo, or
borneol. See Borneol.
camphor is also applied to a
number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as
cedar camphor, obtained from the red or pencil
cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint
camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of
peppermint.
Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously
given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the
camphor tree. -- Camphor tree, a large
evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth
branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably
native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries.
Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the
wood and subliming the product.
Cam"phor (?), v. t. To
impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.
[R.]
Tatler.
Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of the
nature of camphor; containing camphor.
Dunglison.
Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To
impregnate or treat with camphor.
Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of
camphoric acid.
{ Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted
(?), }Combined or impregnated with
camphor.
Camphorated oil, an oleaginous preparation
containing camphor, much used as an embrocation.
Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
camphorique.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.
Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable
substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation
of camphor.
campholic acid,
C10H18O2, and camphoronic acid,
C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances.
Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom
Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from
camphor. [R.]
Camp"ing (?), n. 1.
Lodging in a camp.
2. [See Camp, n., 6]
A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L.
campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of
the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing
berries regarded as poisonous.
Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family
(Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having
a much inflated calyx. See Behen. -- Rose
campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria)
with handsome crimsome crimson flowers.
\'d8Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a
field.] The principal grounds of a college or school,
between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the
college campus.
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in
sweet cicely.
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr.
(Bot.) Having
the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves,
that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.
Cam"us (?), n. See
Camis. [Obs.]
Cam"wood (?), n. See
Barwood.
Can (?), an obs. form of
began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used
in old poetry. [See Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree.
Spenser.
Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne;
akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG.
channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan.
kande.] 1. A drinking cup; a
vessel for holding liquids.
[Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet
metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a
can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk
can.
can may be a cylinder open at the top,
as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a
removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk,
oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or
hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is
also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used
in canning.
Can (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb.
n. Canning.] To preserve by
putting in sealed cans [U. S.]
\'bdCanned meats\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Canned goods, a general name for fruit,
vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed
cans.
Can (?), v. t. & i. [The
transitive use is obsolete.] [imp.
Could (#).] [OE.
cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I
can), to know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan,
1st sing. pres. ic cann or can, pl.
cunnon, 1st sing. imp. c\'d4\'ebe (for
cun\'ebe); p. p. c\'d4\'eb (for
cun\'eb); akin to OS. Kunnan, D.
Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G.
k\'94nnen, Icel. kunna, Goth.
Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present
tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a
preterit, meaning I have known or Learned,
and hence I know, know how. \'fb45. See
Ken, Know; cf. Con, Cunning,
Uncouth.]
1. To know; to understand.
[Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood.
Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she.
Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can.
Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or
influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can.
Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms?
Shak.
M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who can most with
C\'91sar.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without
to; as, I can go, but do not wish
to.
Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an
error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires
the latter. If we say, \'bdI can but perish if I
go,\'b8 \'bdBut\'b8 means only, and denotes that this
is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said.
\'bdWe can not but speak of the things which we have
seen and heard.\'b8 he referred to a moral constraint or
necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the
meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from
speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of
frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \'bdI
can not help it.\'b8 Thus we say. \'bdI can not
but hope,\'b8 \'bdI can not but believe,\'b8
\'bdI can not but think,\'b8 \'bdI can not
but remark,\'b8 etc., in cases in which it would be an
error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that
there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the
sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque
De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not
but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer.
Dickens.
Ca"naan*ite (?), n. 1.
A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of
Noah.
2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan,
esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the
time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic word
signifying \'bdzeal.\'b8] A zealot. \'bdSimon
the Canaanite.\'b8
Matt. x. 4.
Luke
vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot.
Kitto.
Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
\'d8Ca*\'a4a"da (?), n.
[Sp.] A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen;
also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local,
Western U. S.]
Can"a*da (?), n. A British
province in North America, giving its name to various plants and
animals.
Canada balsam. See under Balsam.
-- Canada goose. (Zo\'94l.) See
Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx.
(Zo\'94l.) See Lynx. -- Canada
porcupine (Zo\'94l.) See Porcupine,
and Urson. -- Canada rice
(Bot.) See under Rick. --
Canada robin (Zo\'94l.), the cedar
bird.
Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of Canada.
Canadian period (Geol.), A
subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the
calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately
follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many
geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the
Diagram, under Geology.
Ca*naille" (?), n. [F.
canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and
orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the
vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour.
[Canadian]
Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of
can.] A little can or cup. \'bdAnd
let me the canakin clink.\'b8
Shak.
Ca*nal" (?), n. [F.
canal, from L. canalis canal, channel;
prob. from a root signifying \'bdto cut\'b8; cf. D.
kanaal, fr. the French. Cf. Channel,
Kennel gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with water and
designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the
alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of
the ear.
Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp.
one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses
walking on the towpath beside the canal. Canal
lock. See Lock.
Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel
coal.
{ Can`a*lic"u*late (?),
Can`a*lic"u*la`ted (?), } a.
[L. canaliculatus channeled, fr.
canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See
Canal.] Having a channel or groove, as in the
leafstalks of most palms.
\'d8Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.;
pl. Canaliculi (#).
[L.] (Anat.) A minute canal.
Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n.
Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or
canals. [R.]
Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly,
a duck.] An extravagant or absurd report or story; a
fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat
in the newspapers to hoax the public.
Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining
to Canara, a district of British India.
Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F.
Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the
Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr.
canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary
birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as,
Canary stone.
Canary grass, a grass of the genus
Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the
seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary
stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian,
named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary
bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of
the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis,
natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary
vine. See Canary bird flower, under
Canary bird.
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries
(#). 1. Wine made in the Canary
Islands; sack. \'bdA cup of canary.\'b8
Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary
bird.
4. A quick and lively dance.
[Obs.]
Make you dance canary
With sprightly fire and motion.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform
the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper.
[Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to
it with your feet.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A small singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus
Canarius), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought
to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It
generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish,
but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown
color. It is sometimes called canary
finch.<-- and canary. -->
<-- p. 209 -->
Canary bird flower (Bot.), a
climbing plant (Trop\'91olum peregrinum) with
canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also
canary vine.
Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp.
canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L.
canistrum. See Canister.] A kind
of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely
broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed
in South America.
McElrath.
Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy,
n.
\'d8Can"can (?), n. [F.]
A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or
extravagant postures and gestures.
Can"cel (?), v. i.
[Imp. & p. p. Canceled Cancelled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Canceling Cancelling.]
[L. cancellare to make like a lattice, to strike
or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF.
canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars,
dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. Chancel.] 1. To inclose or surround,
as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work
is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was
scourged.
Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with
latticework; to exclude. [Obs.]
\'bdCanceled from heaven.\'b8
Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing,
or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out
or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be
cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the
form of latticework or cancelli; the phrase is now
used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing
it.
Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled.
Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created
through former secret services, by being refractory on this
occasion.
Sir W. Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to
strike out, as matter in type.
Canceled figures (Print), figures
cast with a line across the face., as for use in
arithmetics.
Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface;
expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do
away; set aside. See Abolish.
Can"cel, n. [See Cancel,
v. i., and cf. Chancel.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit.
[Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious
thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement
beyond the cancels of the body.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print) (a) The suppression
on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or
pages. (b) The part thus suppressed.
Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F.
chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig. to
cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E.
cancel.] (Falconry) To turn in
flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.]
Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced
To cancelier.
Massinger.
{ Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer
(?) }, n. (Falconry)
The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when
she misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies,
Make sundry canceliers are they the fowl can
reach.
Drayton.
Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a.
Cancellarean. [R.]
Can"cel*late (?), a. [L.
cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See
Cancel, v. t.] 1.
(Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without
intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant;
latticelike.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface coveres
with raised lines, crossing at right angles.
Can"cel*la`ted (?), a. 1.
Crossbarres; marked with cross lines.
Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some
porous bones.
Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L.
cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.]
1. The act, process, or result of canceling;
as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract,
or of the contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of striking out
common factora, in both the dividend and divisor.
\'d8Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L.,
a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.]
1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure;
latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of
justice, between the chancel and the have of a church, or in a
window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous
plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of
the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.
Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L.
cancellosus covered with bars.]
(Anat.) Having a spongy or porous stracture; made
up of cancelli; cancellated; as, the cancellous
texture of parts of many bones.
Can"cer (?), n. [L.
cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the
zodiac; akin to Gr. karka crab, and
prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its
hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod
Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of
Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See
Crab.
2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of
the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern
limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the
summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A
northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant
growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with
cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps,
from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients
to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a
growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either
without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular
framework.
(1)
Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which
there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2)
Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in
which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard
consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary,
or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element
predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often
ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the
cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties
are also called carcinoma.
Cancer cells, cells once believed to be
peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells
differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body,
and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and
grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.),
the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as
the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of
Cancer. See Tropic.
Can"cer*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p.
Cancerated.] [LL. canceratus
eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To grow into
a canser; to become cancerous.
Boyle.
Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act
or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer.
Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
canc\'82reux.] Like a cancer; having the
qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer.
\'bdCancerous vices.\'b8
G. Eliot.
-- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. --
Can"cer*ous*ness, n.
Can"cri*form (?), a.
[Cancer + -form; cf. F.
cancriforme.] 1. Having the form
of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Can"crine (?), a. [From
Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab;
crablike.
Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named
after Count Cancrin, a minister of finance in
Russia.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in
hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color,
containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Can"croid (?), a.
[Cancer + oid.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the
Cancroidea, one of the families of crabs, including
the genus Cancer.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid
tumor.
Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See
Kand.
Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl. L.
Candelabra (#), E. Candelabrums
(#). [L., fr. candela candle. See
candle.] 1. (Antiq.)
(a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b)
A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous
material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive
offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several
branches.
Can`dent (?), a. [L.
candens, p. pr. of cand\'89re to glitter.
See Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing
with heat. \'bdA candent vessel.\'b8
Boyle.
\'d8Can"de*ros (?), n. An East
Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small
ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Can*des"cence (?), n. See
Inclandescence.
Can"di*cant (?), a. [L.
candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be
whitish.] Growing white. [Obs.]
<-- #sic. glowing white? -->
Can*did (?), a. [F.
candide (cf. It. candido), L.
candidus white, fr. cand\'89re to be of a
glowing white; akin to accend,
incend, to set on fire, Skr. chand to
shane. Cf. Candle, Incense.] 1.
White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence,
The stones came candid forth, the hue of
innocence.
Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and
judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or
prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid
opinion. \'bdCandid and dispassionate
men.\'b8
W. Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.
Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank;
artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid,
Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous.
A man is fair when he puts things on a just or
equitable footing; he is candid when be looks
impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially
to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open
and frank when he declares his sentiments without
reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a
noble regard for truth. Fair dealing;
candid investigation; an open temper; a
frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or
declaration.
Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The
position of a candidate; state of being a candidate;
candidateship.
Can"di*date (?), n. [L.
Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office in Rome
were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed
in white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F.
candidat.] One who offers himself, or is
put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or
contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a
candidate for the office of governor; a
candidate for holy orders; a candidate for
scholastic honors.
Can"di*date*ship, n. Candidacy.
Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The
taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the
preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement.
[Cant, U. S.]
Can"di*da*ture (?), n.
Candidacy.
Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a
candid manner.
Can"did*ness, n. The quality of being
candid.
Can"died (?), a. [From 1st
Candy.] 1. Preserved in or with
sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as,
candied fruits.
2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into
sugar or candy; as candied sirup. (b)
Conted or more or less with sugar; as,
candidied raisins. (c)
Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp.
Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles
sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook,
Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast?
Shak.
Can"di*fy (?), v. t.
[L. candificare; cand\'89re to be
white + -facere to make.] To make or become
white, or candied. [R.]
Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F.
candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia;
Cretary.
Can"dite (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in
Ceylon.
Can"dle (?), n. [OE.
candel, candel, AS, candel, fr.
L. candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr.
cand\'89re to be white. See Candid, and cf.
Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.]
1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow,
containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton
threads, and used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
Shak.
candles\'b8), or by casting or running in a
mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night.
Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous
shrub (Aleurites triloba), a native of some of the
Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with
a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil
has many uses. -- Candle power
(Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or
gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard
candle. Electric candle, A modification of
the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being
placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance
suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also,
from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle.
-- Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of
excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent
only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the
candle, not worth the cost or trouble. --
Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain
rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease. --
Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which
persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle
burns out. -- Standard candle
(Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a
standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of
spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains,
or 7.8 grams, per hour. -- To curse by bell, book and
candle. See under Bell.
Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.)
A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing
myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are
covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for
hardening candles; -- also called bayberry
tree, bayberry, or
candleberry.
Can"dle*bomb` (#), n. 1.
A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in
the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is
filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it
explodes.
Farrow.
Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel
coal.
Can"dle*fish` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish
(Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found
on the north Pacific coast; -- called also
eulachon. It is so oily that, when dried, it
may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it.
(b) The beshow.
Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One
who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists
another, but is otherwise not of importance.
Shak.
Can"dle*light`, n. The light of a
candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed.
Dryden.
Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS.
candelm\'91sse, candel candle _
m\'91sse mass.] The second day of February,
on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the
Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or
other sacred uses are blessed on that day.
Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS.
candel-sticca; candel candle +
sticca stick.] An instrument or utensil for
supporting a candle.
Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One who
consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster.
B. Jonson.
Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr.
can + dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut
horsetail, lit. \'bdcanweed.\'b8] (Bot.) A
plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of
Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar
luteum).
Can"dor (?), n. [Written also
candour.] [L. candor, fr.
cand\'89re; cf. F. candeur. See
candid.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral
conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity
Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot
That may take from your innocence and candor.
Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness;
freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who
held that side of the question.
Whewell.
Can"droy (?), n. A machine for
spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.
Can"dy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Candied
(?); p. pr & vb. n.
Candying.] [F. candir (cf.
It. candire, Sp. az\'a3car cande or
candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr.
Kha\'c9\'c8da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr.
kha\'c9\'c8, kha\'c8 to break.]
1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to
candy fruits; to candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a
mass resembling candy; as, to candy
sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with
that which resembles sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings
Which candy every green.
Drayson.
<-- p. 210 -->
Can"dy (?), v. i. 1.
To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits
preserved in sugar candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a
candylike form or mass.
Can"dy n. [F. candi. See
Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid
article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the
desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working
in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and
sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.
\'d8Candy, n. [Mahratta
kha\'c9\'c8\'c6, Tamil ka\'c9\'c8i.]
A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Can"dy*tuft` (?), n.
(Bot.) An annual plant of the genus
Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally
given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in the
island of Candia.
Cane (?), n. [OE.
cane, canne, OF. cane, F.
canne, L. canna, fr. Gr. q\'beneh reed. Cf.
Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to
several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and
D\'91manorops, having very long, smooth flexible
stems, commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant
with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many
kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of
other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the
canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and
brave.
B. Jonson.
great
cane is the Arundinaria macrosperma, and
small cane is. A. tecta.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because
originally made of one the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane.
Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane.
[R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign
The flying skirmish of the darted cane.
Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See
Canna.
Cane borer (Zo\'94.), A beetle
(Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores
into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry,
blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for
grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. --
Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of
sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caned (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.]
1. To beat with a cane.
Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as,
to cane chairs.
Cane"brake (?), n. A thicket of
canes.
Ellicott.
Caned (?), a. [Cf. L.
canus white.] Filled with white flakes;
mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ca*nel"la (?), n. [LL. (OE.
canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F.
cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed.
Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of
prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A
genus of trees of the order Canellace\'91, growing in
the West Indies.
Canella alba,
and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of
wild cinnamon and whitewood bark.
Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L.
canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v.
inchoative of canere to be white.] Growing
white, or assuming a color approaching to white.
Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a
short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or
barrels by the ends of the staves.
\'d8Can*nic"u*la (?), n. [L.
canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim of
canis dog; cf. F. canicule.]
(Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius.
Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.]
Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog
Star.
Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog
days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian
year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to
another.
Can"i*cule (?), n.
Canicula.
Addison.
Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See
Canine, a.
Ca*nine" (?), a. [L.
caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F.
canin. See Hound.] 1. Of
or pertaining to the family Canid\'91, or dogs and
wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or
those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pointed tooth on each side the incisors.
Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious
appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter, the
letter r. See R. -- Canine madness,
hydrophobia. -- Canine toth, a toth
situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called
because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the
front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding
tooth in the lower jaw.
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine
tooth.
\'d8Ca"nis (?), n.; pl.
Canes 3. [L., a dog.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the
family Canid\'91, including the dogs and wolves.
\'d8Canis major [L., larger dog], a
constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the
Dog Star. -- \'d8Canis minor [L., smaller
dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing
Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.
Can"is*ter (?), n. [L.
canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr. canistre. See Cane, and
Canaster.] 1. A small basket of
rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee,
etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for
cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are
inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also
canister shot,
Can"ker (?), n. [OE.
canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin
to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L.
cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L.
cancer. See cancer, and cf.
Chancre.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading
gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth;
-- called also water canker, canker
of the mouth, and noma.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or
destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction.
Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees,
causing the bark to rot and fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often
incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation
of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; --
usually resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the
dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.
And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke.
Shak.
Black canker. See under
Black.
Can"ker (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cankered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cankering.] 1. To affect as a
canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.
No lapse of moons can canker Love.
Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt.
Addison.
A tithe purloined canker the whole estate.
Herbert.
Can"ker, v. i. 1. To waste
away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral.
[Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than
gliding.
Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased,
with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice.
Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.
Shak.
Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out
by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom
of the wild rose or dog-rose.
Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a
blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom!
You thief of Love!
Shak.
Can"kered (?), a. 1.
Affected with canker; as, a cankered
mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker;
sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. \'bdA
cankered grandam's will.\'b8
Shak.
Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully;
spitefully.
Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on
fruit.
Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting
like a canker. \'bdCanrerous shackles.\'b8
Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change.
Wordsworth.
Can"ker rash" (?). (Med.) A
form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore
throat.
Can"ker*worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of two species of geometrid
moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by
eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar
larv\'91 are also called cankerworms.
Anisopteryx
pometaria) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and
in winter. The spring species (A. vernata) remains in
the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both
have winged males and wingless females. The larv\'91 are similar
in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of measuring
worms or spanworms. These larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the
leaves being to expand in spring.
Can"ker*y (?), a. 1.
Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
\'d8Can"na (?), n. [It.]
A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven
feet. See Cane, 4.
\'d8Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed.
See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of
tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers.
The Indian shot. (C. Indica) is found in gardens of
the northern United States.
Can"na*bene (?), n. [From
Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil
obtained from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its
intoxicating properties.
Can"na*bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A pisonous resin extracted from hemp
(Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The
narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.
Can"na*bine (?), a. [L.
cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp;
hempen. [R.]
\'d8Can"na*bis (?), n. [L.,
hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus
of a single species belonging to the order
Uricace\'91; hemp.
Cannabis Indica (, the Indian
hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common
hemp.
Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. ndle
coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color,
sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns
readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been
used as a substitute for candles.
Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where
the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on.
[U. S.]
Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish
monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti
lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E.
Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles;
which form of the name was afterward changed into NL.
Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their
character by a word intelligible through a Latin root \'bdpropter
rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis.\'b8 The
Caribbees call themselves, in their own language.
Calinago, Carinago, Calliponam,
and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from
which Columbus formed his Caribales.] A
human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its
own kind.
Darwin.
Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to
cannibals or cannibalism. \'bdCannibal
terror.\'b8
Burke.
Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
cannibalisme.] The act or practice of
eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty;
barbarity.
Berke.
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of
cannibal. \'bdAn he had been cannibally
given.\'b8
Shak.
Can"ni*kin (?), n.
[Can + -kin.] A small can
or drinking vessel.
Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner.
[N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty
management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"non (?), n.;
pl.Cannons (#), collectively
Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L.
canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.]
1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a
firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.
Gun.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece
carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve
independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See
Canon.
Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile
of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often
applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made
for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes
called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are
properly called shells. -- Cannon
bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] --
Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large
size. -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a
cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon metal.
See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion,
the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock,
which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting.
-- Cannon proof, impenetrable by cannon
balls. -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon
ball. (b) The range of a cannon.
Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards)
See Carom. [Eng.]
Can"non*ade" (?), n. [F.
Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.]
1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball,
shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering
a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some
continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole
circle of batteries on the devoted towm.
Prescott.
2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a
booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade.
Ewerson.
Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cannonading.] To attack with heavy
artillery; to batter with cannon shot.
Can`non*ade", v. i. To discharge cannon;
as, the army cannonaded all day.
Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See
Canon Bone.
Can"noned (, a. Furnished
with cannon. [Poetic] \'bdGilbralter's
cannoned steep.\'b8 M. Arnold.
{ Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" }
(?), n. [F. canonnier.]
A man who manages, or fires, cannon.
Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of
cannon.
Burke.
Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon,
collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry
proclaimed his course through the country.
W. Irving.
Can"not (?). [Can to be able _
-not.] Am, is, or are, not able; -- written
either as one word or two.
Can"nu*la (?), n. [L.
cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a
reed, tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal,
wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for
injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a
trocar. [Written also canula.]
Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the
form of a tube; tubular. [Written also
canular.]
Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow;
affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread,
etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle.
[Written also canulated.]
{ Can"ny, Can"nei } (?),
a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned,
or E. canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of
Eng. & Scot.] 1. Artful; cunning; shrewd;
wary.
2. Skillful; knowing; capable.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Cautious; prudent; safe..
Ramsay.
4. Having pleasing of useful qualities;
gentle.
Burns.
5. Reputed to have magical powers.
Sir W. Scott.
No canny, not safe, not fortunate;
unpropitious. [Scot.]
Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl.
Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa,
fr. Caribbean can\'a0oa.] 1. A
boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated,
by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by
a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no
rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the
canoe.
Raleigh.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by
savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on
the water.
Longfellow.
3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for
use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including
portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached
to a temporary mast.
<-- p. 211 -->
Ca*noe" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Canoed (?)
p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing
(.] To manage a canoe, or voyage in
a canoe.
Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art of using a
canoe.
Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A
canoeman.
Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen
(#). One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a
canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing
canoeman.
Parkman.
Can"on (#), n. [OE.
canon, canoun, AS. canon rule
(cf. F. canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7,
F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L.
canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. Cane, and cf.
Canonical.] 1. A law or rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed
His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.
Shak.
2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or
discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the
sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by
ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils held in
the second centry.
Hock.
3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy
Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or general rule
of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible;
also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See Canonical
books, under Canonical, a.
4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a
religious order.
5. A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized
in the Roman Catholic Church.
6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who
possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.
7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which
the voice begin one after another, at regular intervals,
succesively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a
coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes,
commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is
the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.
8. (Print.) The largest size of type
having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for
printing the canons of the church.
9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; --
called also ear and
shank. [See Illust. of
Bell.]
Knight.
10. (Billiards) See
Carom.
Apostolical canons. See under
Apostolical. -- Augustinian
canons, Black canons. See under
Augustinian. -- Canon capitular,
Canon residentiary, a resident member of a
cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year).
-- Canon law. See under Law. --
Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that
part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never
changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon who
neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours.
-- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.), one who
has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a
prebend. -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.),
one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule
of St. Austin; a Black canon. -- Secular canon
(R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery,
but kept the hours.
\'d8Ca*\'a4on" (?), n. [Sp., a
tube or hollow, fr. ca\'a4a reed, fr. L.
canna. See Cane.] A deep gorge,
ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water
courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]
Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr.
L. canon a rule.] That part of a bit which
is put in a horse's mouth.
Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon,
fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.]
(Anat.) The shank bone, or great bone above the
fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied
animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal
bone of most mammals. See Horse.
Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL.
canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in
a conventual chapter.
Regular canoness, one bound by the poverty,
and observing a strict rule of life. -- Secular
canoness, one allowed to hold private property, and
bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose
to remain in the chapter.
{ Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al
(?), } a [L.
cannonicus, LL. canonicalis, fr. L.
canon: cf. F. canonique. See
canon.] Of or pertaining to a canon;
established by, or according to a , canon or canons.
\'bdThe oath of canonical obedience.\'b8
Hallam.
Canonical books, Canonical
Scriptures, those books which are declared by
the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called
collectively the canon. The Roman Catolic Church holds
as canonical several books which Protestants reject as
apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an
appellation given to the epistles called also general
or catholic. See Catholic epistles, under
Canholic. -- Canonical form
(Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to
which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose
of generality. -- Canonical hours, certain
stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and
appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain
portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day.
In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a.
m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12
m.) before and after which marriage can not be legally
performed in any parish church. -- Canonical
letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given by a
dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were
entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from
heretics. -- Canonical life, the method or
rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in
community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less
rigid that the monastic, and more restrained that the
secular. -- Canonical obedience, submission
to the canons of a canons of a church, especially the submission
of the inferior cleargy to their bishops, and of other religious
orders to their supriors. -- Canonical
punishments, such as the church may inflict, as
excommunication, degradation, penance, etc. --
Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those
for which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the
canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery,
heresy.
Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a canonical
manner; according to the canons.
Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being canonical; canonicity.
Bp. Burnet.
Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The
dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when
oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress.
Full canonicals, the complete costume of an
officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic.
Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL.
canonucatus canonical: cf. F.
canonicat.] The office of a canon; a
canonry.
Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
canonicit\'82.] The state or quality of
being canonical; agreement with the canon.
Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F.
canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one
skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical
law.
South.
Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canonist. \'bdThis canonistic
exposition.\'b8
Milton.
Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F.
canonisation.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or
decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased
person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended
to perpetual veneration and invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the
Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century.
Hoock.
2. The state of being canonized or sainted.
Can"on*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Canonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canonizing.] [F. canoniser
or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See
Canon.] 1. (Eccl.) To
declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of
saints; as, Thomas a Becket was
canonized.
2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us.
Shak.
2. To rate as inspired; to include in the
canon.[R.]
Can"on*ry (?), n. pl.
Canonries (. A benefice or prebend in
a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter
and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a
canon.
Can"on*ship (?), a. Of
pertaining to Canopus in egypt; as, the Canopic
vases, used in embalming.
\'d8Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L.
Canopus, fr. Gr.
(Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the
southern constellation Argo.
Can"o*py (?), n.; pl.
Canopies (#). [Oe.
canopie, F. canop\'82sofa, Of
canop\'82e, canopeu, canopieu,
canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canep\'8acanopy,
sofa), LL. canopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.
Gr. Cone,
and Optic.] 1. A covering fixed over
a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted
personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of
honor. \'bdGolden canoniec and beds of
state.\'b8
Dryden.
2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental
projection, over a door, window, niche, etc. (b)
Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar,
a statue, a fountain, etc.
Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Canopying.] To cover with, or
as with, a canopy. \'bdA bank with ivy
canopied.\'b8
Milton.
Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L.
canorus, from nor melody, fr.
canere to sing.] Melodious; musical.
\'bdBirds that are most canorous.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter.
De Quincey.
Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The quality of being
musical.
He chooses his language for its rich
canorousness.
Lowell.
Can"stick` (?), n.
Candlestick. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle,
prof. from L. canthus the iron ring round a carriage
wheel, a wheel, Gr. cant the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf.
Canthus, Canton, Cantle.]
1. A corner; angle; niche.
[Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or
Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant.
B. Jonson.
2. An outer or external angle.
3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical
line; a slope or bevel; a titl.
Totten.
4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse,
producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn
so give; as, to give a ball a cant.
5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side
piece in the head of a cask.
Knight.
6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a
wooden cogwheel.
Knight.
7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon
athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads.
Cant frames, Cant timbers
(Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising
obliquely from the keel.
Cant, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. N.
Canting.] 1. To incline; to
set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; as, to
cant a cask; to cant a ship.
2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to;
as, to cant round a stick of timber; to
cant a football.
3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece
of timber, or from the head of a bolt.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the
singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L.
cantus. See Chant.] 1. An
affected, singsong mode of speaking.
2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any
sect, class, or occupation.
Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession.
Dryden.
3. The use of religious phraseology without
understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what
is not felt; hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant from
F. W. Robertson
4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker
by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars.
Cant (?), a. Of the nature of
cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the most
ruinous corruption in any language.
Swift.
Cant, v. i. 1. To speak in a
whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.
2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk
with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice
hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon,
or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of
learning.
The doctor here,
When he discqurseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta,
The meser\'91um and the mesentericum,
What does he else but cant.
B. Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting
hanguage, if I may so call it.
Bp. Sanderson.
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF.
cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F.
encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. \'bdfor how
much?\'b8] A all for bidders at a public sale; an
auction. \'bdTo sell their leases by cant.\'b8
Swift.
Cant, v. t. to sell by auction, or bid a
price at a sale by auction. [Archaic]
Swift.
Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for
can not.
Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated
from Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian.
[Colloq.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It.,
cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a
melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to
bravura, recitativo, or
parlando.
\'d8Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.) A
piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly
adapted to singing; -- sometimes called
cantilena.
Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain.
Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A
native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of
the university of Cambridge, England.
Can"ta*lev`er (?), n.
[Can an extermal angle + lever a
supported of the roof timber of a house.] [Written
also cantaliver and cantilever.]
1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a
balcony, a cornice, or the like.
2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or
bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs.
Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the
principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed
bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite
banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers
which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the
space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the
connection.
Can"ta*loupe (?), n. [F.
cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from
the caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in
Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said to
have been imported from Armenia.] A muskmelon of
several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and
flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also
cantaleup.]
Can*tan"ker*ous (?), a.
Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious.
[Colloq.] -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ly,
adv. -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ness,
n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt.
Theckeray.
{ Can"tar (?), \'d8Can*tar"ro
(?), } n. [It. cantaro
(in sense 1), Sp. cantaro (in sense 2).]
1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for
heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome
it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it
is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds.
2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and
a half to four gallons.
Simmonds.
\'d8Can*ta"ta (?), n. [It., fr.
cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens of
canere to sing.] (Mus.) A poem
set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses, solos,
interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner;
originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both
recitative and melody.
Can*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cantatio.] A singing.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Cant"a*to*ry (?), a.
Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing.
[R.]
\'d8Can`ta*tri"ce (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A female professional
singer.
Cant"ed (?), a. [From 2d
Cant.] 1. Having angles; as, a
six canted bolt head; a canted
window.
Canted column (Arch.), a column
polygonal in plan.
2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped;
sloping.
Can*teen" (?), n. [F.
cantine bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It.
cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It.
canovettina, dim. of canova cellar, or,
more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp.
canto. See 1st Cant.] (Mil.)
1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water,
liquor, or other drink. [Written also
cantine..]
canteen is
made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is
usually a tin flask.
2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest
containing culinary and other vessels for officers.
Can"tel (?), n. See
Cantle.
Can"ter (?), n. [An
abbreviation of Caner bury. See Canterbury
gallop, under Canterbury.] 1.
A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.
canter is a thoroughly artificial
pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only
to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which
compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches .
. . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different
horses for performing the canter, that no single description will
suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of
them.
J. H. Walsh.
<-- p. 212 -->
2. A rapid or easy passing over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the
topics.
Sir J. Stephen.
Can"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cantered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantering.] To move in a canter.
Can"ter, v. t. To cause, as a horse, to
go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter.
Cant"er, n. 1. One who cants or
whines; a beggar.
2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to
goodness; one who uses canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a rebel.
Macaulay.
Can"ter*bur*y (?), n. 1.
A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is
the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all
England), and contains the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which
pilgrimages were formerly made.
2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music,
loose papers, etc.
Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species
of Campanula of several varietes, cultivated for its
handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury
gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims
riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the
tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to
Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the
time.
Can*thar"*i*dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as,
cantharidal plaster.
Can*thar"i*des (?), n. pl. See
cantharis.
Can*thar"i*din (?), n.
(Chem.) The active principe of the cantharis, or
Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in
four-sided prisms.
Can"tha*ris (?), n.; pl.
Cantharides (#). [L., a kind of
beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A beetle (Lytta, ), having an elongated cylindrical body of a
brilliant green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or
blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also called
Spanish fly. Many other species of
Lytta, used for the same purpose, take the same name.
See Blister beetle, under Blister. The
plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in
medicine.
Cant" hook` (?). A wooden lever with a
movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning
over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
Can"tho*plas`ty (?), n.
[Gr.
(Surg.) The operation of forming a new canthus,
when one has been destroyed by injury or disease.
\'d8Can"thus (?), n.; pl.
Canthi (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The corner where the upper
and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye.
Can"ti*cle (?), n.; pl.
Canticles (#). [L.
canticulum a little song, dim. of canticum
song, fr. cantus a singing, fr. coner to
sing. See Chant.] 1. A song; esp. a
little song or hymn. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song of
Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament.
3. A canto or division of a poem
[Obs.]
Spenser.
4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible,
arranged for chanting in church service.
Can"ti*coy (?), n. [Of American
Indian origin.] A social gathering; usually, one for
dancing.
Can"tile (?), v. i. Same as
Cantle, v. t.
\'d8Can`ti*le"na (?), n. [It. &
L.] (Mus.) See Cantabile.
Can"ti*lev`er (?), n. Same as
Cantalever.
Can"til*late (?), v. i. [L.
cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to sing
low, dim. of cantare. See Cantata.]
To chant; to recite with musical tones.
M. Stuart.
Can`til*la"tion (?), n. A
chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations.
Can*tine" (?), n. See
Canteen.
Cant"ing (?), a. Speaking in a
whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms
affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a
canting tone.
- Cant"ing*ly, adv. --
Cant"ing*ness, n.
Canting arms, Canting
heraldry (Her.), bearings in the
nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the
Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV.
(Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.
Cant"ing, n. The use of cant;
hypocrisy.
\'d8Can`ti*niere" (?), n. [F.,
fr. cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.]
(Mil) A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers;
a vivandi\'8are.
Can"tion (?), n. [L.
cantio, from canere to sing.] A
song or verses. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Can"tle (?), n. [OF.
cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece, F.
chanteau a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF.
cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.]
1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a
fragment; a part. \'bdIn one cantle of his
law.\'b8
Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land
A huge half moon, a monstrous cantle out.
Shak.
2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle,
opposite to the pommel. [Written also
cante.]
Can"tle, v. t. To cut in pieces; to cut
out from. [Obs.] [Written also
cantile.]
Cant"let (?), n. [Dim. of
cantle.] A piece; a fragment; a
corner.
Dryden.
Can"to (?), n.; pl.
Cantos (#). [It. canto,
fr. L. cantus singing, song. See
Chant.] 1. One of the chief
divisions of a long poem; a book.
2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the
air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the
soprano.
\'d8Canto fermo ( [It.]
(Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in
cathedral service; the plain song.
Can"ton (?), n. A song or
canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love.
Shak.
Can"ton, n. [F. canton, augm.
of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st
Cant.] 1. A small portion; a
division; a compartment.
That little canton of land called the \'bdEnglish
pale\'b8
Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six
several cantons, the several parts of our Savior's
passion are represented.
Bp. Burnet.
2. A small community or clan.
3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the
twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal
republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See
Arrondissement.
4. (Her.) A division of a shield
occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter
side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield,
meeting a horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a
canton in our arms.
Evelyn.
Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantoning.] [Cf.
F.cantonner.] 1. To divide into
small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct
portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the
intellectual world.
Locke.
2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to,
as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of
troops.
Can"ton*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a
canton.
Can"ton crape" (?). A soft, white or
colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used
for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called
also Oriental crape.
De Colange.
Can"toned (?), a. 1.
(Her.) Having a charge in each of the four
corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield
itself.
2. (Arch.) Having the angles marked by,
or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; as,
a cantoned pier or pilaster.
Can"ton flan"nel (?). See Cotton
flannel.
Can"ton*ize (?), v. i. To
divide into cantons or small districts.
Can"ton*ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
cantonnement.] A town or village, or part
of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters;
temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.
cantonment, or to be cantoned.
In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are
termed cantonments.
Can*toon" (?), n. A cotton
stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the
other.
Can"tor (?), n. [L., a singer,
fr. caner to sing.] A singer; esp. the
leader of a church choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum.
Milman.
Can"tor*al (?), a. Of or
belonging to a cantor.
Cantoral staff, the official staff or baton of
a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the
singers.
Can*to"ris (?), a. [L., lit.,
of the cantor, gen. of cantor.] Of or
pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a
choir; a cantoris stall.
Shipley.
{ Can"trap (?), Can"trip
(?), } n. [Cf. Icel.
gandar, ODan. & OSw. gan, witchcraft, and
E. trap a snare, tramp.] A
charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief.
[Written also cantraip.]
[Scot.]
{ Can"tred (?), \'d8Can"tref,
} n. [W. cantref;
cant hundred + tref dwelling place,
village.] A district comprising a hundred villages, as
in Wales. [Written also kantry.]
Can"ty (?), a. Cheerful;
sprightly; lively; merry. \'bdThe canty
dame.\'b8
Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with mair.
Burns.
Ca*nuck" (?), n. 1. A
Canadian. [Slang]
2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in
Canada. [Colloq.]
{ Can"u*la (?), n.,
Can"u*lar (?), a.,
Can"u*la`ted (?), } a.
See Cannula, Cannular, and
Cannulated.
Can"vas (?), n. [OE.
canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL.
canabacius hempen cloth, canvas, L.
cannabis hemp, fr. G. Hemp.]
1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; --
used for tents, sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form
regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or
worsted work. (b) A piece of strong cloth of
which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly
painting in oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the
canvas the details which were familiar.
J. H. Newman.
3. Something for which canvas is used: (a)
A sail, or a collection of sails. (b) A tent, or a
collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a picture on
canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see.
Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of
Claude.
Macaulay.
4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other
literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the
measure of the verses he is to make.
Grabb.
Can"vas, a. Made of, pertaining to, or
resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; as, a canvas
tent.
Can"vas*back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A Species of duck (Aythya
vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It
visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay
and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the
plumage on its back.
Can"vass (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. canvassed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canvassing.] [OF. Canabasser
to examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift
through canvas. See Canvas, n.]
1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to
scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes cast at an
election; to canvass a district with reference to its
probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and
canvassed the matter with all possible diligence.
Woodward.
2. To examine by discussion; to debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or
public addresses; as, to canvass a district for
votes; to canvass a city for subscriptions.
Can"vass, v. i. To search thoroughly; to
engage in solicitation by traversing a district; as, to
canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to
canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a
charity; -- commonly followed by for.
Can"vass, n. 1. Close
inspection; careful review for verification; as, a
canvass of votes.
Bacon.
2. Examination in the way of discussion or
debate.
3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic
effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me.
Burke.
Can"vass*er (?), n. One who
canvasses.
Can"y (?), a. [From
Cane.] Of or pertaining to cane or canes;
abounding with canes.
Milton.
Can"yon (?), n. The English
form of the Spanish word Ca\'a4on.
\'d8Can*zo"ne (?), n. [It., a
song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing.
Cf. Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.)
(a) A song or air for one or more voices, of
Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the
madrigal. (b) An instrumental piece in the
madrigal style.
Can`zo*net" (?), n. [It.
canzonetta, dim. of canzone.]
(Mus.) A short song, in one or more parts.
Caout"chin (?), n.
(Chem.) An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid
hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of
caoutchouc.
Caout"chouc (?), n. [F.
caoutchouc, from the South American name.]
A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the
milky sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the
euphorbiaceous tree Siphonia elastica or Hevea
caoutchouc), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids
and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and
alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many
purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called
India rubber (because it was first brought
from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil
marks) and gum elastic. See
Vulcanization.
Mineral caoutchouc. See under
Mineral.
Caout"chou*cin (?), n. See
Caoutchin.
Cap (?), n. [OE.
cappe, AS. c\'91ppe, cap, cape, hood, fr.
LL, cappa, capa; perhaps of Iberian origin,
as Isidorus of Seville mentions it first: \'bdCapa,
quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum.\'b8 See
3d Cape, and cf. 1st Cope.] 1.
A covering for the head; esp. (a) One
usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys;
(b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or
infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign
of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal.
2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools alive.
Shak.
3. A respectful uncovering of the head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in
thanks.
Fuller.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The whole top of the head
of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the
neck.
5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or
use; as: (a) (Arch.) The uppermost
of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of column,
door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or
plate. (b) Something covering the top or end
of a thing for protection or ornament. (c)
(Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining
spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib
boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a
rope. (d) A percussion cap. See under
Percussion. (e) (Mech.)
The removable cover of a journal box. (f)
(Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex
surface.
6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat
cap; foolscap; legal cap.
Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the
vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an
apron. -- Cap in hand,
obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of
liberty. See Liberty cap, under
Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance, a
cap of state carried before the kings of England at the
coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some
cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a
cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. -- Cap
paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including
flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse
wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities.
Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock
next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. --
Flat cap, cap See Foolscap. --
Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an
officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of
folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow
sheets which have the fold at the top or \'bdnarrow
edge.\'b8 -- To set one's cap, to make a fool
of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set
one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a
view to marriage. [Colloq.]
Cap (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Capped (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Capping.] 1. To cover with
a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover
the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of;
as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth
cartilaginous substance.
Derham.
2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest
point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of
absurdity.
4. To salute by removing the cap.
[Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest
of bows.
Thackeray.
5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a
complement to; as, to cap text; to cap
proverbs.
Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with
him to the end of the chapter.
Dryden.
capping verses, when one quotes a
verse another must cap it by quoting one beginning
with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first
letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by
applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon.
Cap, v. i. To uncover the head
respectfully.
Shak.
Ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capabilities (#). 1. The
quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a
subject.
H. Taylor.
2. Capacity of being used or improved.
Ca"pa*ble (?), a. [F.
capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable,
fr. L. caper to take, contain. See
Heave.] 1. Possessing ability,
qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient
size or strength; as, a room capable of holding a
large number; a castle capable of resisting a long
assault.
Concious of jou and capable of pain.
Prior.
2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able;
fully competent; as, a capable instructor; a
capable judge; a mind capable of nice
investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than to give
them.
Motley.
3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a
man capable of making a contract, or a will.
4. Capacious; large; comprehensive.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Capable is usually followed by
of, sometimes by an infinitive.
Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient;
effective; skillful.
Ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state
of being capable; capability; adequateness; competency.
Ca*pac"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capacified
(?).] [L. capax,
-acis, capacious + -fy.] To
quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed for.
Barrow.
Ca*pa"cious (?), a. [L.
capaz, -acis, fr. capere to
take. See Heave.] 1. Having
capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended;
broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or
harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind.
Bancroft.
2. Able or qualified to make large views of things,
as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive;
liberal. \'bdA capacious mind.\'b8
Watts.
Ca*pa"cios*ly, adv. In a capacious
manner or degree; comprehensively.
Ca*pa"cious*ness, n. The quality of
being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay, the mind,
etc.
Ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capacitating.] To
render capable; to enable; to qualify.
By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe
those errors.
Dryden.
Ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Capacities (#) [L. capacitus,
fr. capax, capacis; fr. F.
capacit\'82. See Capacious.]
1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of
room or space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical
things.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder.
Boyle.
2. The power of receiving and holding ideas,
knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive
faculty; capability of undestanding or feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere
passive operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which
is literally room for, as well as its employment,
favars this; although it can not be dented that there are
examples of its usage in an active sense.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from,
the possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of
being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people.
Alex. Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued.
Blackmore.
4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation;
profession; character; position; as, to work in the
capacity of a mason or a carpenter.
5. (Law) Legal or noral qualification,
as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary for certain
purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for making
contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right; competency.
Capacity for heat, the power of absorbing
heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise
them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference
is the measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their
capacity for heat. See Specific heat,
under Heat.
Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill;
efficiency; cleverness. See Ability.
Cap`*a*pe" (?), adv. See
Cap-a-pie.
Shak.
\'d8Cap`*a*pie" (?), adv. [OF.
(cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de pied
en cap from foot to head; L. per foot +
caput head.] From head to foot; at all
points. \'bdHe was armed cap-a-pie.\'b8
Prescott.
Ca*par"i*son (?), n. [F.
capara, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for
a saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL.
capa, cf. LL. caparo also fr.
capa) + the term. azon. See
Cap.] 1. An ornamental covering or
housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken
collectively, esp. when decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich caparison.
Drylen.
2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay caparison.
Smollett.
Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caparisoned (?) p. pr. & vb.
n. Caparisoning.] [Cf. F
capara\'87onner.]
1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness
or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand.
Dryden.
2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress.
I am caparisoned like a man.
Shak.
\'d8Ca*par"ro (?), n. [Native
Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
American monkey (Lagothrix Humboldtii), with
prehensile tail.
Cap"case` (?), n. A small
traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest.
A capcase for your linen and your plate.
Beau. & Fl.
Cape (?), n. [F.
cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L.
caput heat, end, point. See Chief.]
A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent
coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland.
Cape buffalo (Zo\'94l.) a large and
powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It
is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See
Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine,
Cape jassamine. See Jasmine.
-- Cape pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a petrel
(Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It
is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine,
wine made in South Africa [Eng.] --
The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general
sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn,
and, in New England, of Cape Cod.
Cape, v. i. (Naut.) To head
or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes
southwest by south.
Cape, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F.
cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and
cf. 1st Cope, Chape.] A sleeveless
garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the
back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See
Cloak.
Cape, v. i. [See Gape.]
To gape. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ca"pel (?), Ca"ple (?)
}, n. [Icel. kapall; cf. L.
caballus.] A horse; a nag.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Holland.
Ca"pel (?), n. (Mining)
A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the
walls of tin and copper lodes.
Cap"e*lan (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Capelin.
Cape"lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
capelan, caplan.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish (Mallotus
villosus) of the family Salmonid\'91, very
abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and
Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod. [Written
also capelan and caplin.]
anchova, and by the Portuguese
capelina.
Fisheries of U. S. (1884).
\'d8Cap"pe*line` (?), n. [F.,
fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.]
(Med.) A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the
shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb.
Ca*pel"la (?), n. [L., a little
goet, dim. of caper a goat.]
(Asrton.) A brilliant star in the constellation
Auriga.
Cap"el*lane (?), n. [See
Chaplain.] The curate of a chapel; a
chaplain. [Obs.]
Fuller.
\'d8Ca*pel"le (?), n.
[G.] (Mus.) The private orchestra or
band of a prince or of a church.
Cap"el*let (?), n. [F.
capelet.] (Far.) A swelling,
like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock)
of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm.
\'d8Ca*pell"meis`ter (?), n.
[G., fr. capelle chapel, private band of a prince
+ meister a master.] The musical director
in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster. [Written
also kepellmeister.]
Ca"per (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capered p. pr.
& vb. n. capering.] [From older
capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer to
prance; all ultimately fr. L. caper, capra,
goat. See Capriole.] To leap or jump about in
a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance;
to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth.
Shak.
Ca"per, n. A frolicsome leap or spring;
a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank.
To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive
spring; to play a prank.
Shak.
Ca"per, n. [D. kaper.]
A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.
Wright.
Ca"per, n. [F. c\'83pre, fr.
L. capparis, Gr. al-kabar.] 1. The pungent grayish
green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper
(Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Capparis; -- called also caper
bush, caper tree.
Capparis spinosa is a low prickly
shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and
brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its
buds. The C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub
of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with
edible berries.
Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the
Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind
of sauce or catchup made of capers.
Ca"per*ber`ry (?), n. 1.
The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental
caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.
2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian
caper (Capparis sodado).
{ Ca"per bush` (?), Ca"per tree`
(?). }See Capper, a plant, 2.
{ Ca"per*cail`zie (?), or
Ca"per*cal`ly (?), } n.
[Gael, capulcoile.] (Zo\'94l.)
A species of grouse (Tetrao uragallus) of large
size and fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in
Scotland; -- called also cock of the
woods. [Written also
capercaillie, capercaili.]
Ca"per*claw` (?), v. t. To
treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to
abuse. [Obs.]
Birch.
Ca"per*er (?), n. One who
capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble capperer on the cord.
Dryden.
Cap"ful (?), n.; pl.
Capfuls (. As much as will fill
a cap.
A capful of wind (Naut.), a light
puff of wind.
\'d8Ca"pi*as (?), n. [L. thou
mayst take.] (Low) A writ or process
commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in
it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called writ of
capias.
capias is a writ by
which actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ
of execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered;
a capias in criminal law is the process to take a
person charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody.
Burrill. Wharton.
Ca`pi*ba"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Capybara.
Cap`il*la"ceous (?), a. [L.
capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus
hair.] Having long filaments; resembling a hair;
slender. See Capillary.
Cap`il*laire" (?), n. [F.
capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de capillaire
capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the
maidenhair.] 1. A sirup prepared from the
maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have medicinal
properties.
2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange
flowers.
Ca*pil"la*ment (?), n. [L.
capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F.
capillament.] 1. (Bot.)
A filament. [R.]
2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy
covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves.
Cap"il*la*ri*ness (?), n. The
quality of being capillary.
Cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
capillarit\'82.]
1. The quality or condition of being
capillary.
2. (Physics) The peculiar action by
which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a
solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed;
capillary attraction.
Capillarity depends upon the relative
attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for
those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary
tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid
above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped;
-- hence the name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain
plants, to allow flow of water from the roots --\'3e.
Cap"il*la*ry (?), a. [L.
capillaris, fr. capillus hair. Cf.
Capillaire.] 1. Resembling a hair;
fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces;
having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of
animals and plants.
2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels;
as, capillary action.
Capillary attraction, Capillary
repulsion, the apparent attraction or repulsion
between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See
Capillarity, and Attraction. --
Capillarity tubes. See the Note under
Capillarity.
Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl.,
Capillaries (. 1. A
tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.
2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel;
particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting
arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and
biliary vessels.
Cap`il*la"tion (?), n. [L.
capillatie the hair.] A capillary blood
vessel. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*pil"la*ture (?), n. [L.
capillatura.] A bush of hair; frizzing of
the hair.
Clarke.
Ca*pil"li*form (?), a. [L.
capillus hair + -form.] In the
shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs.
Cap"il*lose` (?), a. [L.
capillosus.] Having much hair; hairy.
[R.]
Ca*pis"trate (?), a. [L.
capistratus, p. p. of capistrare
halter.] (Zo\'94l.) Hooded; cowled.
Cap"i*tal (?), a. [F.
capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1
& 2), fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf.
Capital, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise
Expect with mortal pain.
Milton.
2. Having reference to, or involving, the
forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with
death; as, capital trials; capital
punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us.
Swift.
To put to death a capital offender.
Milton.
3. First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion
Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in
Christianity.
I. Taylor.
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat
of the general government of a state or nation; as,
Washington and Paris are capital cities.
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a
capital speech or song.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 214 -->
Capital letter [F, lettre
capitale] (Print.), a leading or
heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the
first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part,
both by different form and larger size, from the small
(lower-case) letters, which form the greater part of
common print or writing. -- Small capital letters
have the form of capital letters and height of the body of
the lower-case letters. -- Capital stock,
money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the
enterprise of any corporation or institution.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
Cap"i*tal (?), n. [Cf. L.
capitellum and Capitulum, a small head, the
head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head;
F. chapiteau, OF. capitel. See
Chief, and cf. Cattle, Chattel,
Chapiter, Chapter.] 1.
(Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column,
pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts,
abacus, bell (or vase), and
necking. See these terms, and Column.
2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc.
ville.] (Geog.) The seat of
government; the chief city or town in a country; a
metropolis. \'bdA busy and splendid capital\'b8
Macauly.
3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money,
property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum
invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest.
See Capital stock, under Capital,
a.
4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the
produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to
support human beings or to assist in production.
M'Culloch.
capital. The capital of a civilized community
includes fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and
roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd
circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc.,
spent in the course of production and exchange).
T. Raleing.
5. Anything which can be used to increase one's
power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's
discomfiture.
London Times.
6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a
bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.
7. A chapter, or section, of a book.
[Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital.
Sir W. Scott.
8. (Print.) See Capital
letter, under Capital, a.
Active capital. See under
Active, -- Small capital
(Print.), a small capital letter. See under
Capital, a. -- To live on one's
capital, to consume one's capital without producing or
accumulating anything to replace it.
Cap"i*tal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
capitaliste.] One who has capital; one who
has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of
large property, which is employed in business.
The expenditure of the capitalist.
Burke.
Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion (?), n. The
act or process of capitalizing.
Cap"i*tal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Capitalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capitalizing.] 1. To convert
into capital, or to use as capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital
value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial
capital.
Cap*i*tal*ly, adv. 1. In a way
involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to punish
capitally.
2. In a capital manner; excellently.
[Colloq.]
Cap"i*tal*ness, n. The quality of being
capital; preeminence. [R.]
{ Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha`
(?) }. [See capitan.] The
chief admiral of the Turkish fleet.
Cap"i*tate (?), a [L.
capitatus fr. caput head.]
1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end
enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.) Having the flowers gathered
into a head.
Cap`i*ta"tim (?), a.
[NL.] Of so much per head; as, a
capitatim tax; a capitatim grant.
Cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf.
F. capitation.] 1. A numbering of
heads or individuals. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person, without
reference to property; a poll tax.
\'d8Cap"i*te (?), n. [L., abl.
of caput head.] See under
Tenant.
Cap`i*tel"late (?), a. [L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head.]
(Bot.) Having a very small knoblike termination,
or collected into minute capitula.
\'d8Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL., from L. caput,
capitis, head + -branchiae gills.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids in which the
gills arise from or near the head. See Tubicola.
Cap"i*tol (?), [L. capitolium,
fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See
Chief.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona
Capitolinus, where the Senate met.
Comes C\'91sar to the Capitol to-morrow?
Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the
Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the
legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse.
{ Cap`i*to"li*an (?),
Cap"i*to*line (?), } a.
[L. capitolinus: cf. F.
capitolin.] Of or pertaining to the Capitol
in Rome. \'bdCapitolian Jove.\'b8
Macaulay.
Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual
games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter
Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from
the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of
neglect, they were held every fifth year.
\'d8Ca*pit"u*la (?), n. pl. See
Capitulum.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), n. [LL.
capitulare, capitularium, fr. L.
capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of
capit head, chapter.] 1. An act
passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or
capitulars.
Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), a. 1.
(Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a chapter;
capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the capitular
body.
Milman.
2. (Bot.) Growing in, or pertaining to,
a capitulum.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a capitulum;
as, the capitular process of a vetebra, the process
which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.
Ca*pit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In
the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter.
Sterne.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Capitularies (#). [See
Capitular.] 1. A
capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of
an ecclesiastical council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and
ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or
sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies.
Hallam.
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), a. Relating
to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular.
\'bdCapitulary acts.\'b8
Warton.
Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Capitulating.] [LL.
capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to
capitulate: cf. F. capituler. See Capitular,
n.] 1. To settle or draw up the
heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to
agree. [Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to take to
wife his daughter Mary.
Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to
certain heads or capitula should not be called to
capitulate.
Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually,
drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a garrison
capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week,
capitulated.
Macaulay.
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To surrender or
transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions.
[R.]
Ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.]
1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal
agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the Scots
nor the French shall refortify.
Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an
emeny upon stipulated terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of an
agreement or surrender.
Ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n.
[LL.] One who capitulates.
Cap"i*tule (?), n. [L.
capitulum small head, chapter.] A
summary. [Obs.]
\'d8Ca*pit"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Capitula (. [L., a small head.]
1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as
a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may
be either globular or flat.
Gray.
2. (Anat.) A knobike protuberance of any
part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. [See
Illust. of Artiodactyla.]
Ca*pi"vi (?), n. [Cf.
Copaiba.] A balsam of the Spanish West
Indies. See Copaiba.
Ca"ple (?), n. See
Capel.
Cap"lin (?), n. See
Capelin.
{ Cap"lin (?), Cap"ling
(?), } n. The cap or coupling of a
flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and
swingel.
Wright.
Cap"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.]
Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
Cap"no*mor (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A
limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech
tar.
Watts.
\'d8Ca*poc" (?), n. [Malay
k\'bepoq.] A sort of cotton so short and
fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line
palanquins, to make mattresses, etc.
Ca*poch" (?), n.; pl.
Capoches (#). [Cf. Sp.
capucho, It. cappucio, F.
Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium,
fr. capa cloak. See Cap.] A
hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.
Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capoched (?).] To
cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or
blind.
Hudibras.
Ca"pon (?), n. [OE.
capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf.
F. chapon), L. capo, fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF.
Comma.] A castrated cock, esp. when fattened;
a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table.
Shak.
The merry thought of a capon.
W. Irving.
Ca"pon, v. t. To castrate; to make a
capon of.
Ca"pon*et (?), n. A young
capon. [R.]
Chapman.
Cap`o*niere" (?), n. [F.
caponni\'8are, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a
cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.
capponiera. See Capon.]
(Fort.) A work made across or in the ditch, to
protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered
passageway.
Ca"pon*ize (?), v. t. To
castrate, as a fowl.
Ca*pot" (?), n. [F.]
A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts
for forty points.
Hoyle.
Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Capotted.] To win all the
tricks from, in playing at piquet.
Ca*pote" (?), n. [Sp.
capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL.
capa cape, cloak. See Cap.] A long
cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.
Ca*pouch" (?), n. & v. t. Same
as Capoch.
Cap"pa*dine (?), n. A floss or
waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled
off, used for shag.
Cap"pa`per (?), See cap,
n., also Paper, n.
Cap"peak` (?), n. The front
piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called
visor.
\'d8Cap*pel"la (?), n. See
A cappella.
Cap"per (?), n. 1. One
whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang,
U. S.]<--shill?-->.
3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a
gun or cartridge.
Cap"ping plane` (?). (Join.) A
plane used for working the upper surface of staircase
rails.
\'d8Ca"pra (?), n. [L., a she
goat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants,
including the common goat.
Cap"rate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of capric acid.
Cap"re*o*late (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper
goat: cf. F. capr\'82ol\'82.] (Bot.)
Having a tendril or tendrils.
Cap"re*o*line (?), a. [L.
capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the roebuck.
Cap"ric (?), a. [L.
caper goat.] (Chem.) Of or
pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives.
Capric acid, C9H9.CO2H,
Caprylic acid, C7H15.CO2H, Caproic acid, C5H11.CO2H,
are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter,
cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless
oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like
that of goats or sweat.
\'d8Ca*ric"cio (?), n. [It. See
Caprice.]
1. (Mus.) A piece in a free form, with
frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called
caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy.
Shak.
\'d8Ca*pri*cio"so (?), a.
[It.] (Mus) In a free, fantastic
style.
Ca*price" (?), n. [F.
caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh.
orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper,
capra, goat. Cf Capriole, Cab,
Caper, v. i.] 1. An
abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from
some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion.
\'bdCaprices of appetite.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. (Mus.) See Capriccio.
Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor;
whimsey; fickleness.
Ca*pri"cious (?), a. [Cf. F.
capricleux, It. capriccioso.]
Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change
suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable.
\'bdCapricious poet.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdCapricious humor.\'b8 Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish
practices.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety;
fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant;
arbitrary.
-- Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv. --
Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.
Cap"ri*corn (?), n. [L.
capricornus; caper goat + cornu
horn: cf. F. capricorne.] 1.
(Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which
the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See
Tropic.
The sun was entered into Capricorn.
Dryden.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation,
represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a
figure with its fore part like a fish.
Capricorn beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
beetle of the family Carambucid\'91; one of the
long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the wood or
bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See
Girdler, Pruner.
Cap"rid (?), a. [L.
caper, capra, goat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tribe of
ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra, is the
type.
Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen figs
by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig;
caper goat + ficus fig.] The
practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of
the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.
Cap"ri*fole (?), n. [L.
caper goat + folium leaf.] The
woodbine or honeysuckle.
Spenser.
Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous (?), a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of
plants (Caprifoliac\'91.
Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L.
caper goat + -form.] Having the
form of a goat.
Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L.
caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere
to produce.] Of the goat kind.
Cap"rine (?), a. [L.
caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat;
as, caprine gambols.
Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F.
capriole, cabriole, It.
capriola, fr. L. caper goat. Cf.
Caper, v. i. Cabriole,
Caprice, Cheveril.] 1.
(Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours,
upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the
hind legs when at the height of the leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. \'bdWith
lofty turns and caprioles.\'b8
Sir J. Davies.
Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a
capriole.
Carlyle.
Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L.
capripers; caper goat + pes
pedis, foot.] Having feet like those of a
goat.
<-- p. 215 -->
Cap"ro*ate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of caproic acid.
Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
See under Capric.
Cap"ry*late (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid.
Ca*pryl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) See under Capric.
Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless
crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum
annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity.
Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top
sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or
finishing part of a thing.
Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or
soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum.
Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From
Capsicum.] (Chem.) A valatile
alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from
capsicin.
Cap"si*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
capsa box, chest.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry
berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent,
biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of
commerce.
Capsicum
baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or
chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper,
and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which
includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The
fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles
and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper.
Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Capsized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp.
cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar,
chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L.
caput head.] To upset or overturn, as a
vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the boat?
Byron.
Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or
overturn.
Cap"*square (?), n.
(Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over
the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.
Cap"stan (?), n. [F.
cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante,
cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a
halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L.
capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see
Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L.
caper goat + stans, p. pr. of
stare to stand; cf. F. ch\'8avre she-goat,
also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical
cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and
surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is
much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy
weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable,
passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or
by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on
the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes
spelt Capstern, but improperly.]
Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by
which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. -- To pawl
the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch
in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from
turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to
prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. --
To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the
rope or cable wound around it.
Cap"stone` (?), n.
(Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus
Cannulus; -- so called from its supposed resemblance
to a cap.
{ Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
capsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a capsule;
having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous.
Capsular ligament (Anat.), a
ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the
skeleton.
{ Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted
(?), } a. Inclosed in a capsule,
or as in a chest or box.
Cap"sule (?), n. [L.
capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa
chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F.
capsule.] 1. (Bot.) a
dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels,
and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of
the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer
of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a
scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating
dish, usually of porcelain.
3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or
spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses
are inclosed to be swallowed.
4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing
fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the
capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike
organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a
bottle,
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a
percussion cap, cartridge, etc.
Atrabiliary capsule. See under
Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a
membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal
vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the
organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of
unknown function, above or in front of each kidney.
Cap"tain (?), n. [OE.
capitain, captain, OF. capitain,
F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It.
capitano), LL. capitaneus,
capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under
Chief, and cf. Chieftain.] 1.
A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The
military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or
who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed
on other service. (b) An officer in the
United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore,
and ranking with a colonel in the ermy. (c)
By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel,
although not having the rank of captain. (d)
The master or commanding officer of a merchant
vessel. (e) One in charge of a portion of a
ship's company; as, a captain of a top,
captain of a gun, etc. (f) The
foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A person
having authority over others acting in concert; as, the
captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a
football team.
A trainband captain eke was he.
Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness
of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards.
Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a warrior.
Foremost captain of his time.
Tennyson.
Captain general. (a) The commander in
chief of an army or armies, or of the militia. (b)
The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands.
-- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank
and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the
first company of an English regiment.
Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as
captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from
existing forms.
Lowell.
Cap"tain, a. Chief; superior.
[R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet.
Shak.
Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Captaincies (. The rank, post,
or commission of a captain.
Washington.
Captaincy general, the office, power,
teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the
captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its
islands).
Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a
certain district; chieftainship. [Obs.]
Cap"tain*ship, n. 1. The
condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief
commander. \'bdTo take the captainship.\'b8
Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good
captainship.
Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L.
captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of
caper to take: cf. F. captation.]
A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a
captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular
captations, which some men use in their speeches.
Eikon Basilike.
Cap"tion (?), n. [L.
captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and
4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head.
See Capacious.] 1. A caviling; a
sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and contradiction.
Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a person by
judicial process. [R.]
Bouvier.
3. (Law) That part of a legal
instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where,
when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed.
Bouvier. Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or
page. [U. S.]
Cap"tious (?), a. [F.
captieux, L. captiosus. See
Caption.] 1. Art to catch at faults;
disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to
please.
A captius and suspicious.
Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the
test of a captious controversy.
Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare;
insidious; troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation.
Bancroft.
Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious;
hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome.
-- Captious, caviling,
Carping. A captious person is one who has a
fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults,
errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling
person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds;
carping implies that one is given to ill-natured,
persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the
words or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument,
carping the caviling of ill temper.
C. J. Smith.
Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a captious
manner.
Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious disposition
or manner.
Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Captivated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Captivating.] [L.
captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture,
fr. captivus captive. See Captive.]
1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue.
[Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates.
Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art
or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra
captivated Antony; the orator captivated all
hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating loveliness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant;
bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive.
Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L.
captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive;
insnared; charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now.
Shak.
Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having
power to captivate or cham; fascinating; as,
captivating smiles. --
Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv.
Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L.
capticatio.] The act of captivating.
[R.]
The captivation of our understanding.
Bp. Hall.
Cap"tive (?), n. [L.
captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F.
captif. See Caitiff.] 1.
A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy,
in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains.
Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or
affection; one who is captivated.
Cap"tive, a. 1. Made prisoner,
especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall.
Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart
Grossly grew captive to his honey words.
Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement;
serving to confine; as, captive chains;
captive hours.
Cap"tive (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Captived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Captiving.] To take prisoner; to
capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived.
Burke.
Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L.
captivitas: cf. F. captivit\'82.]
1. The state of being a captive or a
prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in his
greatest triumphs.
Dryden.
2. A state of being under control; subjection of
the will or affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together.
Addison.
Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection;
servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather
(of animals), fr. caper to take.] One who
captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.
Cap"ture (?), n. [L.
capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F.
capture. See Caitiff, and cf.
aptive.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or getting
possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the
capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at sea.
Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or desire,
as by the power of some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or
stratagem; a prize; prey.
Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Capturing.] To seize or take
possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and
hold; to secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been
captured.
W. Ivring.
\'d8Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It.
cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or
hood. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ca*puched" (?), a. [See
Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a
hood. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F.
capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It.
cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]
1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the
austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi,
distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St.
Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and
hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of
capuchin monks.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long-tailed
South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the
forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed
and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white;
-- called also capucine monkey,
weeper, sajou,
sapajou, and sai.
(b) Other species of Cabus, as C.
fatuellus (the brown or horned
capucine.), C. albifrons (the
cararara), and C. apella.
(c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a
hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the
neck.
Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of
Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order
had recently been founded by Maria Longa.
Cap"u*cine (?), n. See
Capuchin, 3.
Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.)
Same as Capellet.
Cap"u*lin (?), n. [Sp.
capuli.] The Mexican chery (Prunus
Capollin).
\'d8Ca"put, n.; pl. Capita
(#). [L., the head.] 1.
(Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance
or capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a thing.
3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of
the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of
1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges.
Lamb.
Caput mortuum (. [L., dead
head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after
distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.
Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp.
capibara, fr. the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large South American rodent
(Hydroch\'91rus capybara) Living on the margins of
lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about
three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles
the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also
cabiai and water hog.
<-- p. 216 -->
Car (?), n. [OF.
car, char, F. cahr, fr. L.
carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car,
Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf.
Chariot.] 1. A small vehicle moved
on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one
horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a
railroad. [U. S.]
passenger car is
called a railway carriage; a freight car a
goods wagon; a platform car a goods
truck; a baggage car a van. But
styles of car introduced into England from America are called
cars; as, tram car. Pullman car.
See Train.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of
splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day.
Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds.
Tennyson.
4. (Astron.) The stars also called
Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car.
Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon
to contain passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living fish.
[U. S.]
Car coupling, or Car
coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the
cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy
car (Railroad), a car containing its own
steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car
(Railrood), a car for the transportation of
merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand
car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand,
used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] --
Horse car, or Street
car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other
power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.]
-- Mcol>Palace car, Drawing-room car,
Sleeping car, Parior caretc. ,
(Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished
for the comfort of travelers.
Car"a*bid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
genus Carbus or family Carabid\'91.
-- n. One of the Carabid\'91, a
family of active insectivorous beetles.
Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.)
A carbine.
Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A
carbineer.
Car"a*boid (?), a.
[Carabus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to the genus
Carabus.
\'d8Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour
many injurious insects.
Car"ac (?), n. See
Carack.
Car"a*cal (?), n. [F.
caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag;
garah black + goofag ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) A lynx (Felis, or Lynx,
caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are
black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.
Ca"`ra*ca"ra (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A south American bird of several
species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures.
The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called
carrion buzzards.
Ibycter ater; the
chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is
Polyborus Braziliensis.
Car"ack (?), n. [F.
caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It.
caracca.), LL. carraca, fr. L.
carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorq\'d4r
(pl. qar\'beqir) a carack.] (Naut.)
A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and
Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon.
[Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack law.
Waller.
Car"a*cole (?), n. [F.
caracole, caracol, fr. Sp.
caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling
about.]
1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman
makes, either to the right or the left.
2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral
form.
\'d8En caracole ( [F.],
spiral; -- said of a staircase.
Car"a*cole (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caracoled
(?).] [Cf. F.
caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a
caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists.
Sir W. Scott.
Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy of
gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly
is made.
{ Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra
(?) }, n. [Malay
kurakura.] A light vessel or proa used by
the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East
Indies.
\'d8Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.]
A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also
croft.
{ Car"a*geen` Car"a*gheen` }
(?), n. See Carrageen.
Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n.
(Bot.) An East Indian tree (Averrhoa
Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also
Coromandel gooseberry.
Car"a*mel (?), n. [F.
caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna
mellis, cannamella, canamella,
calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with
L. canna reed + mel, mellis,
honey. See Cane.] 1. (Chem.)
Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by
heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring
spirits, gravies, etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or
square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and
flavor.
Ca*ran"goid (?), a.
[Caranx + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Carangid\'91, a family of fishes allied to the
mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the
pilot fish.
\'d8Ca"ranx (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, common on the
Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.
Car"a*pace (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) The thick shell or sheild which cover
the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other
crustaceous animals.
\'d8Ca`ra*pa"to (?), n. [Pg.
carrapato.] (Zo\'94l.) A south
American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are
several species, very troublesome to man and beast.
Car"a*pax (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Carapace.
Car"at (?), n. [F.
carat (cf. It. carato, OPg.
quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar.
q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a
carat, fr. Gr. Horn.] 1. The
weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.
carat equals three and one fifth
grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called
carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are
estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually,
by carat grains.
Titfany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in
estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.
carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths
of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine
(goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of
silver.
Car"a*van (?), n. [F.
caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per.
karmw\'ben a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a
wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims,
or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or
marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and
countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or
Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such
wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an
itinerant show, as of wild beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for
moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into
van.
Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F.
caravanier.] The leader or driver of the
camels in caravan.
Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.;
pl. Caravansaries (#) [F.
caravans\'82rai, fr. Per.
karw\'bensar\'be\'8b; karw\'ben caravan +
-sar\'be\'8b palace, large house, inn.] A
kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a
large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court.
[Written also caravanserai and
caravansera.]
Car"a*vel (?), n. [F.
caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp.
carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel,
fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. [written
also caravel and caravelle.]
(Naut.) A name given to several kinds of
vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century
was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four
masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three
caravels on his great voyage. (b)
A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden.
(c) A small fishing boat used on the French
coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.
Car"a*way (?), n. [F.
carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and
al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg.
al-caravia) fr. Ar. karaw\'c6\'befr. Gr.
caraum.] 1.
(Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family
(Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a
warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery,
and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway
seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits].
Cogan.
Car*bam"ic (?), a.
[Carbon + amido.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called.
Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido
acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state,
but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium
carbonate; -- called also amido formic
acid.
Car*bam"ide (?), n.
[Carbonyl + amide.]
(Chem.) The technical name for urea.
Car*bam"ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical.
The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable
odor.
Car"ba*nil (?), n.
[Carbonyl + aniline.]
(Chem.) A mobile liquid,
CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl
salt of isocyanic acid.
Car"ba*zol (?), n.
[Carbon + azo + -ol.]
(Chem.) A white crystallized substance,
C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other
amines.
Car*baz"o*tate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a
picrate.
Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a.
[Carbon + azole.] Containing, or
derived from, carbon and nitrogen.
Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric
acid. See under Picric.
Car"bide (?), n.
[Carbon + -ide.]
(Chem.) A binary compound of carbon with some
other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a
negative; -- formerly termed carburet.
Car"bi*mide (?), n.
[Carbon + imide]
(Chem.) The technical name for isocyanic acid.
See under Isocyanic.
Car"bine (?), n. [F.
carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot.
calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr.
calabre, OF. cable, chable, an
engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula,
cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.) A short, light
musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or
cavalry.
Car`bi*neer" (?), n. [F.
carabinier.] (Mil.) A soldier
armed with a carbine.
Car"bi*nol (?), n.
[Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) +
-ol.] (Chem.) Methyl alcohol,
CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the
homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol
is the type.
Car`bo*hy"drate (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrate.]
(Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds
including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or
some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number
of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in
proportion as to form water; as dextrose,
C6H12O6.
Car`bo*hy"dride (?), n.
[Carbon + hydrogen.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon.
Car*bol"ic (?), a. [L.
carbo coal + oleum oil.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
derived from coal tar and other sources; as,
carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and
phenol). See Phenol.
Car"bo*lize (?), v. t.
(Med.) To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or
treat with carbolic acid.
Car"bon (?), n. [F.
carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.) An elementary substance, not
metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic
compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and
forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into
mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the
diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric
crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is
graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in
hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms
carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide,
according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with
hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare
Diamond, and Graphite.
Carbon compounds, Compounds of
carbon (Chem.), those compounds
consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and
plants, and hence called organic compounds, though
their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the
laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not
dependent upon the life process.
I. Remsen
-Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide. (Chem.) See under
Carbonic. -- Carbon light
(Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light
produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points
kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. --
Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder
or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is
burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain
its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon
tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in
the autotype process of photography. Abney. --
Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained
as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for
the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic,
arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.
Car"bo*na`ceous (?), a.
Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.
{ Car"bo*nade (?), Car`bo*na"do
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp.
carbonada, from L. carbo coal.]
(Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across,
seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]
{ Car`bo*na"do (?), Car"bo*nade
(?), } v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carbonadoed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Carbonadoing.] 1. To
cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and
broil. [Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed.
Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting.
[Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks.
Shak.
Car`bo*na"do (?), n.; pl.
Carbonadoes (#). [Pg.,
carbonated.] (Min.) A black variety of
diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs
in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly
crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to
porous.
Car`bo*na"rism (?), n. The
principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.
\'d8Car`bo*na"ro (?), n.; pl.
Carbonari (#). [It., a coal
man.] A member of a secret political association in
Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for
the purpose of changing the government into a republic.
Carbonari is uncertain,
but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the
charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they
adopted.
Car`bon*a*ta"tion (?), n. [From
Carbonate.] (Sugar Making) The
saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
Knight.
Car"bon*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
carbonate.] (Chem.) A salt or
carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore,
etc.
Car"bon*a`ted (?), a. Combined
or impregnated with carbonic acid.
Car"bone (?), v. t. [See
Carbonado.] To broil. [Obs.]
\'bdWe had a calf's head carboned\'b8.
Pepys.
Car*bon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
carbonique. See Carbon.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
carbon; as, carbonic oxide.
Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid
H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined
with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On
common language the term is very generally applied to a compound
of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called
carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable
gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can
be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is
produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion
and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances
containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in
mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know
as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will
absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure,
and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and
the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it
constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe
it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and
the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic oxide
(Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of
a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It
is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon
seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete
combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water
gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and
burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
<-- p. 217 -->
Car"bon*ide (?), n. A
carbide. [R.]
Car`bon*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Carbon + -ferous.]
Producing or containing carbon or coal.
Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age
immediately following the Devonian, or Age of
fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the
coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the
Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and
Permian. See Age of acrogens, under
Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation
(Geol.), the series of rocks (including
sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of
coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age . See the Diagram under Geology.
Car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. carbonisation.] The act or process of
carbonizing.
Car"bon*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carbonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonizing.] [Cf. F.
carboniser.] 1. To cover (an
animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the
action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in
making steel by cementation.
Car`bon*om"e*ter (?), n.
[Carbon + -meter.] An
instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which
is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its
action on limewater or by other means.
Car"bon*yl (?), n.
[Carbon + -yl.]
(Chem.) The radical
(CO)\'b7\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many
compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl
chloride, etc.
Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a
colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and
easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and
carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been
called phosgene gas; -- called also
carbon oxychloride.
Car`bo*sty"ril (?), n.
[Carbon + styrene.] A white
crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid
properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.
Car*box"ide (?), n.
[Carbon + oxide.]
(Chem.) A compound of carbon and oxygen, as
carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium
carboxide.
Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive
crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing
carbon monoxide over heated potassium.
Car*box"yl (?), n.
[Carbon + oxygen +
-yl.] (Chem.) The complex
radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and
characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as
formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called
also oxatyl.
Car"boy (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael
carb basket; or Pers qur\'bebah a sort of
bottle.] A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of
green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection;
-- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric
acid, etc.
Car"bun*cle (?), n. [L.
carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious
stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F.
carboncle. See Carbon.]
1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a deep red
color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks
anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the
sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning
coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though
it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.) A very painful acute local
inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or
back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the
affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and
marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size,
tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is
frequently fatal. It is also called
anthrax.
3. (Her.) A charge or bearing supposed
to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves
radiating from a common center. Called also
escarbuncle.
Car"bun*cled (?), a. 1.
Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled
Like holy Phabus' car.
Shak.
2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked
with red sores; pimpled and blotched. \'bdA
carbuncled face.\'b8
Brome.
Car*bun"cu*lar (?), a.
Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red;
inflamed.
Car*bun`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
carbunculatio.] The blasting of the young
buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold.
Harris.
Car"bu*ret (?), n. [From
Carbon.] (Chem.) A carbide. See
Carbide [Archaic]
Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or
Carburetting.] To combine or to
impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid
hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal.
Knight.
Car"bu*ret`ant (?), n. Any
volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.
Car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. 1.
(Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a
carburet or carbide.
2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile
carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to
increase its illuminating power.
[Written also carburetted.]
Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several
gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up
illuminating gas. -- Light carbureted hydrogen,
marsh gas, CH4; fire damp<--;
methane-->.
Car"bu*ret`or (?), n.
(Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen,
or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order
to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written
also carburettor.]
Car"bu*ri*za`tion (?), n.
(Chem.) The act, process, or result of
carburizing.
Car"bu*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carburized
(?); p. pr. & vb. N.
Carburizing.] (Chem.) To
combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a
process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on
combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile
hydrocarbons.
Car"ca*jou (?), n. [Probably a
Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the
wolverene.] (Zo\'94l.) The wolverence; --
also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes
to the American badger. See Wolverene.
Car"ca*net (?), n. [Dim. fr. F.
carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain
of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor.
kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr.
kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat, OHG,
querca throat.] A jeweled chain, necklace,
or collar. [Also written carkenet and
carcant.]
Shak.
Car"case (?), n. See
Carcass.
Car"cass (?), n.; pl.
Carcasses (#). [Written also
carcase.] [F. carcasse, fr.
It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh +
capsa chest, box, case. Cf. Carnal,
Case a sheath.] 1. A dead body,
whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of
a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the lion.
Judges xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses
went into the great pits by cartloads.
De Foe.
2. The living body; -- now commonly used in
contempt or ridicule. \'bdTo pamper his own
carcass.\'b8
South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature.
For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature.
Oldham.
3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky
and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered
or unfinished frame, of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat.
Shak.
4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell, filled
with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set
fire to buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and bombshells.
W. Iving.
\'d8Car`ca*vel"hos (?), n. A
sweet wine. See Calcavella.
Car"ce*lage (?), n. [LL.
carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L.
carcer prison.] Prison fees.
[Obs.]
Car"cel lamp` (?). [Named after
Carcel, the inventor.] A French mechanical
lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped
to the wick tube by clockwork.
Car"cer*al (?), a. [L.
carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]
Belonging a prison. [R.]
Foxe.
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to carcinology.
Car`ci*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] (Zo\'94l.)
The depertment of zo\'94logy which treats of the
Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also
malacostracology and
crustaceology.
\'d8Car`ci*no"ma (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. -oma.]
(Med.) A cancer. By some medical writers, the
term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer.
Dunglison.
Car`ci*nom"a*tous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to carcinoma.
\'d8Car`ci*no"sys (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. The affection of the system with
cancer.
Card (?), n. [F.
carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.] 1. A piece of
pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses;
as, a playing card; a visiting card; a
card of invitation; pl. a game played
with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House.
Thackeray.
2. A published note, containing a brief statement,
explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as,
to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed
programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement;
as, this will be a good card for the last day of the
fair.
3. A paper on which the points of the compass are
marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass.
All the quartere that they know
I' the shipman's card.
Shak.
4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or
sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard
apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.
5. An indicator card. See under
Indicator.
Business card, a card on which is printed an
advertisement or business address. -- Card basket
(a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by
callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard.
-- Card catalogue. See Catalogue. --
Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and
displaying business or visiting card. -- Card
table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having
a leaf which folds over. -- On the cards,
likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought
to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common
use; also, according to the programme. -- Playing
card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the
cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and
having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts,
diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains
fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards in one's own
hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of
success in an undertaking. -- To play one's cards
well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. --
To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants
to rivals or foes. -- To speak by the card,
to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in
telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. --
Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and
sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.
Card, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carding.] To play at cards; to
game.
Johnson.
Card, n. [F. carde teasel,
the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus,
cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]
1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging
the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and
smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire
teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to
a back.
2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered
from a carding machine.
Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card
used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.
Card (?), v. t. 1. To
comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as,
to card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer flakes.
Dyer.
2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card.
[Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged.
T. Shelton.
3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker
article. [Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to be
drunk. -- half small, half strong.
Greene.
Combing.
Car"da*mine (?), n. [L.
cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.) A genus of
cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower,
bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.
Car"da*mom (?), n. [L.
cardamonun, Gr. 1. The
aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of
the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and
much used as a condiment, and in medicine.
2. (Bot.) A plant which prduces
cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several of
Amommum.
Card"board (?), n. A stiff
compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc.,
often having a polished surface.
Card"case` (?), n. A case for
visiting cards.
Car"de*cu (?), n. [Corrupt,
from F. quart d'\'82cu.] A quarter of a
crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu.
Sir W. Scott.
Card"er (?), n. One who, or
that which cards wool flax, etc.
Shak.
Car"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) (a) The heart.
(b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach,
where the esophagus enters it.
Car"di*ac (?), a. [L.
cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the
cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of
the stomach.
2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart,
through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.
Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia;
heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac
wheel. (Mach.) See Heart
wheel.
Car"di*ac n. (Med.) A
medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.
Car*di"a*cal (?), a.
Cardiac.
Car"di*a*cle (?), n. A pain
about the heart. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"di*a*graph (?), n. See
Cardiograph.
{ \'d8Car`di*al"gl*a (?),
Car"di*al`gy (?), } n.
[NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. cardialgie.] (Med.)
A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred
to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation;
heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.
Car"di*gan jack`et (#). [From the Earl of
Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of
1854-55.] A warm jacket of knit worsted with or
without sleeves.
Car"di*nal (?), a. [L.
cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door,
that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F.
cardinal.] Of fundamental importance;
pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal.
The cardinal intersections of the zodiac.
Sir T. Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue.
Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear
ye.
Shak.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one,
two, three, etc., in distinction from
first, second, third, etc., which
are called ordinal numbers. -- Cardinal
points (a) (Geol.) The four
principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon
with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south
east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The
rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. --
Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra,
Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth
(Zo\'94l.), the central teeth of bivalve shell.
See Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins
(Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which
run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the
heart. They remain through life in some fishes. --
Cardinal virtues, pre\'89minent virtues; among the
ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. --
Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal
points due north, south, east, or west.
Car"di*nal, n. [F. carinal,
It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesi\'91
Roman\'91). See Cardinal, a.] 1.
(R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who
constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called
Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the
hinge by which all things are moved.
Pope Leo IX.
cardinals are appointed by the pope.
Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed
seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons),
and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full.
When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college
of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence
of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a
cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple
mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with
cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.
2. A woman's short cloak with a hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste.
Lloyd.
3. Mulled red wine.
Hotten.
<-- p. 218 -->
Cardinal bird, Cardinal
grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), an American song
bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C.
Virginianus), of the family Fringillid\'91, or
finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on
its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those
of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal
birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.),
an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing
brilliant red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal
red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat,
etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and
crimson.
Car"di*nal*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.]
The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.
Car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To
exalt to the office of a cardinal.
Sheldon.
Car"di*nal*ship, n. The condition,
dignity, of office of a cardinal
Card"ing (?), a. 1.
The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v.
t.
2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from
the carding machine.
Carding engine, Carding
machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or
other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum
covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with
each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite
directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls
called sivers.
Car"di*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Med.) An
instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will
register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of
the heart's movements.
Car`di*o*graph"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a
cardiograph.
Car"di*oid (?), n. [Gr. ( (Math.)
An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a
heart.
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry (?), a.
(Physiol.) Checking or arresting the heart's
action.
Car`di*ol"*gy (?), n. [Gr. -ology.] The science which treats of
the heart and its functions.
Car`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr.
-metry.] (Med.)
Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or
auscultation.
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph (?), n.
A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.
\'d8Car*di"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F.
cardile.] (Med) Inflammation of
the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See
Endocardris and Pericarditis.
Dunglison.
\'d8Car"do (?), n.; pl.
Cardies (#).) [L., a hinge.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The basal joint of the
maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a
bivalve shell.
Car"dol (?), n. [NL.
Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) A yellow oil liquid,
extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.
Car*doon" (?), n. [F.
cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle,
fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL.
cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.)
A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus)
related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald.
Care (?), n. [AS.
caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara
sorrow Goth. kara lament, and to Gr.
. Not akin to cure. Cf.
Chary.] 1. A burdensome sense of
responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety;
concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye,
And where care lodges, sleep will never lie.
Shak.
2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying
responsibility for safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches.
2 Car. xi. 28
Him thy care must be to find.
Milton.
Perlexed with a thousand cares.
Shak.
3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness;
watchfulness; as, take care; have a
care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest pains.
Shak.
4. The object of watchful attention or
anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard;
management; direction; oversight. -- Care,
Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These
words express mental pain in different degress. Care
belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from
overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a state of
distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil.
Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished
dagree. Concern is opposed to indifference,
and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We
are careful about the means, solicitous and
anxious about the end; we are solicitous to
obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil.
Care, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Cared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caring.] [AS. cearian. See
Care, n.] To be anxious or
solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; --
sometimes followed by an objective of measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three were
in.
Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish?
Mark. iv. 38.
To care for. (a) To have under
watchful attention; to take care of. (b) To
have regard or affection for; to like or love.
He cared not for the affection of the house.
Tennyson.
Ca*reen" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Careened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Careening.] [OF. cariner, F.
car\'82ner, fr. OF. car\'8ane, the bottom
of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.]
(Naut.) To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that
she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and
accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off
the keel.
Ca*reen" (, v. i. To
incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a
wind; to be off the keel.
Ca*reen"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
car\'82nage.] (Naut.) (a)
Expense of careening ships. (b) A place
for careening.
Ca*reer" (?), n. [F.
carri\'8are race course, high road, street, fr. L.
carrus wagon. See Car.] 1.
A race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A running; full speed; a rapid course.
When a horse is running in his full career.
Wilkins.
3. General course of action or conduct in life, or
in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special
undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a
pubic character; as, Washington's career as a
soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career.
Macaulay.
4. (Falconary) The fight of a
hawk.
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n.
Careering] To move or run
rapidly.
areering gayly over the curling waves.
W. Irving.
Care"ful (?), a. [AS.
cearful.] 1. Full of care;
anxious; solicitous [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. \'bdanxious\'b8] for
nothing.
Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands.
Milton.
2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to
concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful.
The careful cold beinneth for to creep.
Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height.
Shak.
3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful;
cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; --
often follower byof, for, or the
infinitive; as, careful of money; careful
to do right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this care.
2. Kings iv, 13.
What could a careful father more have done?
Dryden.
Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful;
cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.
Care"ful*ly, adv. In a careful
manner.
Care"ful*ness, n. Quality or state of
being careful.
Care"less (?), a. [AS.
cearle\'a0s.] 1. Free from care or
anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted.
Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy.
Shak.
2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper
care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful;
regardless.
My brother was too careless of his charge.
Shak.
He grew careless of himself.
Steele.
3. Without thought or purpose; without due care;
without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate;
spontaneouse; rash; as, a careless throw; a
careless expression.
He framed the careless rhyme.
Beatie.
4. Not receiving care; uncared for.
[R.]
Their many wounds and careless hatms.
Spemser.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking;
inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless;
inconsiderate; listless.
Care"less*ly, adv. In a careless
manner.
Care"less*ness, n. The quality or state
of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.
Ca*rene" (?), n. [LL.
carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.) A fast of
forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]
Ca*ress" (?), n. [F.
caresse, It. carezza, LL.
caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See
Charity.] An act of endearment; any act or
expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with
tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses.
Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and
caresses the hearts of all who were under his
command.
Macaulay.
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caressed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caressing.] [F.
caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr.
carezza caress. See Caress.,
n.] To treat with tokens of fondness,
affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or
endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court;
flatter. -- Caress, Fondle.
\'bdWe caress by words or actions; we
fondle by actions only.\'b8
Crabb.
Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad. In caressing
manner.
Ca"ret (?), n. [L.
caret there is wanting, fr. carere to
want.] A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to
indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the
margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.
\'d8Ca`ret" (?), n. [F., a
species of tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The
hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.
Care"*tuned (?), a. Weary;
mournful.
Shak.
Care"worn` (?), a. Worn or
burdened with care; as, careworn look or
face.
\'d8Ca"rex (?), n. [L.,
sedge.] (Bot.) A numerous and widely
distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order
Cypreace\'91; the sedges.
Carf (?), pret. of
Carve. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ga*son (?), n. [F.
cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL.
cargare to load. See rgo.] A
cargo. [Obs.]
Car"go (?), n.; pl.
Cargoes (#). [Sp.
cargo, carga, burden, load, from
cargar to load, from cargar to load,
charge, See Charge.] The lading or freight of
a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is
conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing.
E. Everett.
cargo, in law, is usually
applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons.
Burill.
Car"goose` (?), n. [Perh. fr.
Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir,
kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf.
Crebe.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of
grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.
\'d8\'80a"ri*a"ma (?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus
cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See
Seriema.
Car"ib (?), n.; pl.
Caries. [See Cannibal.]
(Ethol.) A native of the Caribbee islands or the
coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians
inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and
formerly most of the West India islands.
{ Car`ib*be"an (?), Car`ib*bee
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies),
or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those
islands and Central America.
Car"ib*bee, n. A Carib.
\'d8Ca*ri"be (?), n. [Sp. a
cannibal.] (Zo\'94l). A south American
fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many
species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack
man or beast, often with fatal results.
Car"i*bou (?), n. [Canadian
French.] (Zo\'94l.) The American reindeer,
especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer
Caribou).
Barren Ground caribou. See under
Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the
common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern
forests of America.
Car"i*ca*ture (?), n. [It.
caricatura, fr. caricare to charge,
overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v.
t.] 1. An exaggeration, or distortion
by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a
picture.
2. A picture or other figure or description in
which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated
as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody.
[Formerly written caricatura.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be
the one that has most of the look of a caricature.
I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue.
Macaulay.
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caricaturing.] To make or draw
a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to
burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good
one, with a masterly hand.
Lord Lyttelton.
Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?), n. One
who caricatures.
Car"i*cous (?), a. [L.
carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of
a fig; as, a caricous tumor.
Graig.
\'d8Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L.,
decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a
process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away
piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it
dies in masses.
Car"il*lon (?), n. [F.
carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of
four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr.
quatuer four.]
1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically
tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.
2. A tune adapted to be played by musical
bells.
\'d8Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L.,
keel.] 1. (Bot.) A keel.
(a) That part of a papilionaceous flower,
consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the
organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal
ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The keel of the breastbone
of birds.
Car`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. carina keel.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy,
bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and
gills.
\'d8Car`i*na"t\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See
Carinate.] A grand division of birds,
including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the
carina or keel on the breastbone.
{ Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na`ted
(?) } a. [L. carinatus,
fr. carina keel.] Shaped like the keel or
prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a
carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of
a bird).
Car"i*ole (?), n. [F.
carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See
Car, and Carryall.] (a) A
small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A
covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See
Carryall.
Car"i*op"sis (?), n. See
Caryopsis.
Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?), n.
(Med.) Caries.
Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]
Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious
tooth.
Cark (?), n. [OE.
cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge;
cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge,
burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.]
A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry.
[Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark.
Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside.
Motherwell.
Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of
fashion.
R. D. Blackmore.
<-- p. 219 -->
Cark (?), v. i. To be careful,
anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or
grieve. [R.]
Beau. & fl.
Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by
anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and
cark himself one penny richer.
South.
Car"ka*net (?), n. A
carcanet.
Southey.
Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing;
worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking
cares.
Carl (?), n. [Icel,
karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG.
charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.]
[Written also carle.] 1.
A rude, rustic man; a churl.
The miller was a stout carl.
Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; --
called also carl hemp.
3. pl. A kind of food. See citation,
below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried
the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second
Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday.
Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).
Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr.
carl male.] An old woman.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
{ Car"line (?), Car"o*line
(?) }, n. [F. carin;
cf. It. carlino; -- so called from Carlo
(Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current
in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents.
Simmonds.
{ Car"line (?), Car"ling
(?) } n. [Cf. F.
carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga.]
(Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a
ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the
cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in
pl.
Car"line this`tle (?). [F.
carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to
be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed
to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.]
(Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus
Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and
Asia.
Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as
Carl, 3.
Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls
are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See
Carl, 4.
Car"list (?), n. A parisan of
Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of
Spain.
Car"lock (?), n. [F.
carlock, fr. Russ. Karl\'a3k'.]
A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of
the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.
Car"lot (?), n. [From
Carl.] A churl; a boor; a peasant or
countryman. [Obs.]
Shak.
Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F.
Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by, of
descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian
race of kings.
\'d8Car`ma`gnole" (?), n.
[F.] 1. A popular or Red Rebublican song
and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole.
Compton Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French armies.
Car"man (?), n.; pl.
Carmen ( A man whose employment
is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.
{ Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in
} a. Of or pertaining to the order of
Carmelites.
Car"mel*ite (?), n. 1.
(Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the
Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel,
in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.
2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount
Carmel.
Car"mi*na`ted (?), a. Of,
relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated
lake.
Tomlinson.
Car*min"ative (?), a. [NL.
carminativus (carminare to card
hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool
or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf.
F. carminatif.] Expelling wind from the
body; warning; antispasmodic. \'bdCarmenative
hot seeds.\'b8
Dunglison.
Car*min"a*tive, n. A substance, esp. an
aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or
to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.
Car"mine (?), n. [F.
carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It.
carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus
purple color. See Crimson.] 1. A
rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.
2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color,
prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
3. (Chem.) The essential coloring
principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass.
It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called
also carminic acid.
Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring
matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and
probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.
Car*min"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.
Carminic acid. Same as Carmine,
3.
Car"mot (?), n. (Alchemy)
The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to
be composed.
Car"nage (?), n. [F.
carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals,
flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis,
flesh. See Carnal.] 1. Flesh of
slain animals or men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the
carnage.
Macaulay.
2. Great destruction of life, as in battle;
bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit.
Macaulay.
Car"nal (?), a. [L.
carnalis, fr. caro, carnis,
flesh; akin to Gr. kravya; cf. F.
charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf.
Charnel.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual
indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to
spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal.
1 Car. iii. 3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure.
Milton
rnal desires after miracles.
Trench.
2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody.
[Obs.]
This carnal cur
Preys on the issue of his mother's body.
Shak.
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used
especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.
Car"nal*ism (?), n. The state
of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]
Car"nal*ist (?), n. A
sensualist.
Burton.
Car*nal"i*ty (?), n. [L.
carnalitas.] The state of being carnal;
fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their hearts.
Tillotson.
Car"nal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carnalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carnalizing.] To make carnal; to debase
to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit.
John Scott.
Car"nal*lite (?), n. [G.
carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a
Prussian.] (Min.) A hydrous chloride of
potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits
of rock salt.
Car"nal*ly (?), adv. According
to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to
gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to be
spiritually minded is life and peace.
Rom. viii. 6.
Car"nal-mind`ed (?), a.
Worldly-minded.
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n. Grossness of
mind.
Car"na*ry (?), n. [L.
carnarium, fr. caro, carnis,
flesh.] A vault or crypt in connection with a church,
used as a repository for human bones disintered from their
original burial places; a charnel house.
Car*nas"si*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro,
carnis, flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted
to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial
tooth; especially, the last premolar in many
carnivores.
Car"nate (?), a. [L.
carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or
embodied in, flesh.
Car*na"tion (?), n. [F.
carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr.
caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.] 1. The natural color of
flesh; rosy pink.
Her complexion of the delicate carnation.
Ld. Lytton.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts
of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is
represented in full color; the flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed
carnations.
Fairholt.
3. (Bot.) A species of
Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having
very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually
a rich, spicy scent.
Car*na"tioned (?), a. Having a
flesh color.
\'d8Car*nau"ba (?), n.
(Bot.) The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax
palm.
Car*nel"ian (?), n. [For
carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy,
of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See
Cornellan.] (Min.) A variety of
chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white
color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often
used for seals.
Car"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
carneus, from caro, carnis,
flesh.] Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous;
fleshy. \'bdCarneous fibers.\'b8
Ray.
Car"ney (?), n. [Cf. L.
carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease
of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted
animal can not eat.
\'d8Car"ni*fex (?), n. [L., fr.
caro, carnis, flesh + facere to
make.] (Antiq.) The public executioner at
Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an
executioner or hangman.
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. carnification.] The act or process of
turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.
Car"ni*fy (?), v. i. [LL.
carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis,
flesh + facere to make: cf. F.
carnifier.] To form flesh; to become like
flesh.
Sir M. Hale.
Car"nin (?), n. [L.
caro, canis , flesh.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous
substance, found in extract of meat, and related to
xanthin.
Car"ni*val (?), n. [It.
carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale,
prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro,
carnis, flesh _ levare to take away, lift
up, fr. levis light.] 1. A
festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic
countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples,
during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove
Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of.
Addison.
2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading,
especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of
riotous excess.
Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall
Hold o'er the dead their carnival
Byron.
\'d8Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See
Carnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc.
They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though
some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth
are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws
powerful.
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n.
Greediness of appetite for flesh.
[Sportive.]
Pope.
Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Carnivora.
Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh
+ varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on
flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which
naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.;
(b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food;
(c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as
caustics.
{ Car*nose (?), Car"*nous
} (?), a. [L. carnosus,
fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF.
carneux, F. charneux.] 1.
Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle.
Ray.
2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; --
applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.
Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
carnosit\'82.]
1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a
small excrescence or fungous growth.
Wiseman.
2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy
covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a
carnosity.
Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than
capers; yet commended they are for their
carnosity.
Holland.
Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F.
caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp.
garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar.
kharr\'d4b, Per. Kharn\'d4b. Cf.
Clgaroba.] 1. (Bot.) An
evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in
the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread;
-- called also carob tree.
2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the
carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes
eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread,
carob bean, and algaroba
bean.
Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF.
carrache, F. carrose from It.
carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro,
L. carus. See Car.] A kind of
pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches.
Butler.
Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a
caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched.
Massenger.
Car"oigne (?), n. [See
Carrion.] Dead body; carrion.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ol (?), n. [OF.
carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together,
fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor.
koroll, n., korolla, korolli,
v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L.
choraula a flute player, charus a dance,
chorus, choir.] 1. A round dance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a
lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the dance.
Dryden
It was the carol of a bird.
Byron.
3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a
Christmas or Easter carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy.
Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high praise.
Keble.
4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day
Their old, familiar carol play.
Longfellow.
Car"ol (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caroled
(?), or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caroling, or Carolling.]
1. To praise or celebrate in song.
The Shepherds at their festivals
Carol her goodness.
Milton.
2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.
Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious.
Prior.
Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to sing
joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise.
Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill.
Beattie.
{ Car"ol, Car"rol }, n.
[OF. carole a sort of circular space, or
carol.] (Arch.) A small closet or inclosure
built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study.
The word was used as late as the 16th century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol.
Parker.
Car"o*lin (?), n. [L.
Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of
Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden
worth nearly five dollars.
Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.)
See Pinkboot.
Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See
Carline.
Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of
joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.
Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings.
Spenser.
Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A native
or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.
Car`o*lit"ic (?), a.
(Arch.) Adorned with sculptured leaves and
branches.
Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E.
Caroluses (#), L. Caroli
(#). [L., Charles.] An English
gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It
was first struck in the reign of Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses.
Macawlay.
Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted
fr. F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a
carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.]
(Billiards) A shot in which the ball struck with
the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a
hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England
it is called cannon.
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards) To
make a carom.
Car"o*mel (?), n. See
Caramel.
Car`o*teel" (?), n.
(Com.) A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc.,
usually about 700 lbs.
Simmonds.
Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. Carotid.] 1. Of or
pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic
state.
2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the
carotic arteries.
Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. carotide. The early
Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused
drowsiness.] (Anat.) One of the two main
arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta
to the head. [See Illust. of
Aorta.]
{ Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al
(?), } a. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as,
the carotid gland.
Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.)
A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the
carrot.
Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See
Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel
tilt.] A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a
carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal.
Sterne.
Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See
Feast.
<-- p. 220 -->
Ca*rouse" (?), n. [F.
carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G.
garaus finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in
drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out.
See Yare, and Out.] 1. A
large draught of liguor. [Obs.] \'bdA full
carouse of sack.\'b8 Sir J. Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate.
Shak.
2. A drinking match; a carousal.
The early feast and late carouse.
Pope.
Ca*rouse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caroused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely
in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken
revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his mates.
Shak.
Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up; to drain;
to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich
grape.
Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen,
Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.
Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who
carouses; a reveler.
Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses; relating
to a carouse.
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a
carouser.
Carp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Carped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.]
[OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel.
karpa to boast), but influenced later by L.
carpere to pluck, calumniate.] 1.
To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or
actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by
at.
Carping and caviling at faults of manner.
Blackw. Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch.
Herbert.
Carp, v. t. 1. To say; to
tell. [Obs.]
2. To find fault with; to censure.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly
Carps. [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan.
karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho,
G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL.
carpa.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water
herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other
species of Cyprinus, Catla, and
Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan
carp.
carp was originally from Asia, whence
it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively
reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been
introduced into America, and widely distributed by the
government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the
leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of
scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few
large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.
Carp louse (Zo\'94l.), a small
crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp
and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp
mullet (Zo\'94l.), a fish (Moxostoma
carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the
suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zo\'94l.),
a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the
genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also
quillback.
Car"pal (?), a. [From
Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One
of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale.
Carpal angle (Zo\'94l.), the angle
at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.
\'d8Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl.
Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E.
carpus.] (Anat.) One of the
bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series
articulating with the metacarpals.
Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the
Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east,
and south.
{ Car"pel (?), \'d8Car*pel"lum
(?), } n. [NL.
carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.)
A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or
one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See
Illust of Carpaphore.
Car"pel*la"ry (?), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, forming, or containing
carpels.
Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF.
carpentier, F. charpentier, LL.
carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon,
carriage.] An artificer who works in timber; a framer
and builder of houses, ships, etc.
Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner.
The carpenter frames and puts together roofs,
partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The
joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces,
cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building.
In America the two trades are commonly united.
Carpenter ant (Zo\'94l.), any
species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and
constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or
somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is
Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter
bee (Zo\'94l.), a large hymenopterous insect
of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it
constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber.
The common American species is Xylocopa
Virginica.
Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The occupation or
work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber;
carpentry.
Car"pen*try (?), n. [F.
charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]
1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber,
as in the construction of buildings.
2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by
being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work
done by a carpenter.
Carp"er (?), n. One who carps;
a caviler.
Shak.
Car"pet (?), n. [OF.
carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette
coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug,
blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly
cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf.
Gr. Harvest.] 1. A
heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of
cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths
to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished
from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for
tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of
carpets and coverlets.
T. Fuller.
2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting
a carpet. \'bdThe grassy carpet of this
plain.\'b8
Shak.
Carpet beetle or Carpet
bug (Zo\'94l.), a small beetle
(Anthrenus scrophulari\'91), which, in the larval
state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; --
also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet
knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and
security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the
field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person.
Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other
than military distinction or service. -- Carpet
moth (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an insect
which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several
kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of Tinea (as
T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp.
Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake
(Zo\'94l.), an Australian snake. See Diamond
snake, under Diamond. -- Carpet
sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping
carpets. -- To be on the carpet, to be under
consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight;
-- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table
cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under
Brussels.
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carpeting.] To cover with, or as with,
a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or
carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable squares.
E. Everett.
Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A portable
bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of
carpet.
Car"pet*bag"ger (?), n. An
adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking
private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the
United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used now for any
politician moving to a new location to take advantage of more
favorable chances for election-->. [U. S.]
Car"pet*ing, n. 1. The act of covering
with carpets.
2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in
general.
The floor was covered with rich carpeting.
Prescott.
Car"pet*less, a. Without a carpet.
Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n. 1.
One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of
carpets.
2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant.
Shak.
Car"pet*way` (?), n.
(Agric.) A border of greensward left round the
margin of a plowed field.
Ray.
Car*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
carphologie.] (Med.) See
Flaccillation.
Carp"ing (?), a. Fault-finding;
censorious caviling. See Captious.
-- Carp"ing*ly, adv.
\'d8Car`pin*te"ro (?), n. [Sp.,
a carpenter, a woodpecker.] A california woodpecker
(Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of
inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns
become infested by insect larv\'91, which, when grown, are
extracted for food by the bird.
Car`po*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) Productive
of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.
Car"po*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]
A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.
Car`po*log"i*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to carpology.
Car*pol"o*gist (?), n. One who
describes fruits; one versed in carpology.
Car*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of botany which
relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.
Car*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
Living on fruits;
fruit-consuming.
Car"po*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A slender
prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as
in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.
Car"po*phyll (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A leaf converted
into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.
[See Illust. of
Gymnospermous.]
Car"po*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A flowerless
plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as
the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.
Carpospore\'91, O\'94spore\'91,
Protophyta, and Zygospore\'91) was proposed
by Sachs about 1875.
Car"po*spore (?), n. [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.) A kind of spore
formed in the conceptacles of red alg\'91. --
Car`po*spor"ic (,
a.
\'d8Car"pus (?), n.; pl.
Carpi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The wrist; the bones or
cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or
forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two
rows.
Car"rack (?), n. See
Carack.
{ Car"ra*geen` (?), Car"ri*geen`
(?) }, n. A small, purplish,
branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus),
which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of
commerce. [Also written carragheen,
carageen.]
\'d8Car*ran"cha (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Brazilian kite
(Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of
its notes.
Car"ra*way (?), n. See
Caraway.
Car"rel (?), n. See
Quarrel, an arrow.
Car"rel, n. (Arch.) Same as
4th Carol.
Car"ri*a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being carried.
Car"riage (?), n. [OF.
cariage luggage, carriage, chariage
carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage,
wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F.
charrier, to cart. See Carry.]
1. That which is carried; burden; baggage.
[Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper
of the carriage.
1. Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and
went up to Jerusalem.
Acts. xxi. 15.
2. The act of carrying, transporting, or
conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage.
Chapman.
3. The price or expense of carrying.
4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a)
A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and
comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden,
as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine
which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or
part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried
or supported; as, a bell carriage.
5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior;
bearing; deportment; personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did grace.
Stirling.
6. The act or manner of conducting measures or
projects; management.
The passage and whole carriage of this action.
Shak.
Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a
carriage. -- Carriage porch (Arch.),
a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the
entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those
who alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously
called in the United States porte-coch\'8are.
Car"riage*a*ble (?), a.
Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in
carriages. [R.]
Ruskin.
Car"ri*boo (?), n. See
Caribou.
Car"rick (?), n. (Naut.)
A carack. See Carack.
Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of
knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. --
Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which
support the windlass.
Totten.
Car"ri*er (?), n. [From
Carry.] 1. One who, or that which,
carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the
sounds.
Bacon.
2. One who is employed, or makes it his business,
to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with
rich manufactures.
Swift.
3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries;
as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a
lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A
spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A
movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a
position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.
Carrier pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a
variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a
distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell
(Zo\'94l.), a univalve shell of the genus
Phorus; -- so called because it fastens bits of stones
and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost
to conceal it. -- Common carrier
(Law.) See under Common,
a.
Car"ri*on (?), n. [OE.
caroyne, OF. caroigne, F.
charogne, LL. caronia, fr. L.
caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]
1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an
animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food.
They did eat the dead carrions.
Spenser.
2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of
reproach. [Obs.] \'bdOld feeble
carrions.\'b8
Shak.
Car"ri*on, a. Of or pertaining to dead
and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion.
A prey for carrion kites.
Shak.
Carrion beetle (Zo\'94l.), any
beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; -- also called
sexton beetle and burying
beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the
family Silphid\'91. -- Carrion buzzard
(Zo\'94l.), a South American bird of several
species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago,
and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See
Caracara. -- Carrion crow, the
common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on
carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.
Car"rol (?), n. (Arch.)
See 4th Carol.
Car"rom (?), n.
(Billiards) See Carom.
Car`ron*ade (?), n. [From
Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.]
(Med.) A kind of short cannon, formerly in use,
designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used
for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing,
the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions,
but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop
on its under side.
<-- p. 221 -->
Car"ron oil (?). A lotion of linseed oil
and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; --
first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.
Car"rot (?), n. [F.
carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.
1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial
plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties.
2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the
plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow
color.
Car"rot*y, a. Like a carrot in color or
in taste; -- an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.
Car"row (?), n. [Ir & Gael.
carach cunning.] A strolling
gamester. [Ireland]
Spenser.
Car"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carrying.] [OF. carier,
charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF.
car, char, F. car, car. See
Car.] 1. To convey or transport in
any manner from one place to another; to bear; -- often with
away or off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing away.
Ps. xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his burial.
Acts viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to Russell.
Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty
miles.
Bacon.
2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from
place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear;
as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn
child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in
our minds.
Locke.
3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to
conduct; to lead or guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet.
Shak.
He carried away all his cattle.
Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far.
Locke.
4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book,
or column) to another; as, to carry the war from
Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger; to
carry a number in adding figures.
5. To convey by extension or continuance; to
extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof;
to carry a road ten miles farther.
6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict,
as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest;
to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to carry
an election. \'bdThe greater part carries
it.\'b8
Shak.
The carrying of our main point.
Addison.
7. To get possession of by force; to capture.
The town would have been carried in the end.
Bacon.
8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ;
to show or exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in
it.
Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of
ignorance.
Lacke.
9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or
demean; -- with the refexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the house, and
out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious.
Clarendon.
10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or
having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another;
as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm
carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for
a customer; to carry a life insurance.
Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command
of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in
the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the
shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the
soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at
carry. -- To carry all before one, to
overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success. --
To carry arms (a) To bear weapons.
(b) To serve as a soldier. -- To carry
away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to
lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast.
(b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to
delude; as, to be carried by music, or by
temptation. -- To carry coals, to bear
indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps
from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell.
-- To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to
a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. --
To carry off (a) To remove to a
distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or
grasp of others. (c) To remove from life;
as, the plague carried off thousands. --
To carry on (a) To carry farther; to
advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry
on a design. (b) To manage, conduct,
or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or
trade. -- To carry out. (a) To
bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to
bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to
the end; to continue to the end. -- To carry
through. (a) To convey through the midst
of. (b) To support to the end; to sustain, or
keep from falling, or being subdued. \'bdGrace will
carry us . . . through all difficulties.\'b8
Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a
succesful issue; to succeed. -- To carry up,
to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to
build. -- To carry weight. (a) To be
handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or
runs. \'bdHe carries weight, he rides a race\'b8
Cowper. (b) To have influence.
Car"ry, v. i. 1. To act as a
bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and
carry.
2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a
gun or mortar carries well.
3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to
carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with
arching neck.
4. (Hunting) To have earth or frost
stick to the feet when running, as a hare.
Johnson.
To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or
romping manner. [Colloq.]
Car"ry (?), n.; pl.
Carries (#). A tract of land, over
which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable
water; a carrying place; a portage.
[U.S.]
Car"ry*all` (?), n. [Corrupted
fr. cariole.] A light covered carriage,
having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually
drawn by one horse.
Car"ry*ing, n. The act or business of
transporting from one place to another.
Carrying place, a carry; a portage. --
Carrying trade, the business of transporting
goods, etc., from one place or country to another by water or
land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying
trade.
Jay.
Car"ryk (?), n. A carack.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Car"ry*tale` (?), n. A
talebearer. [R.]
Shak.
Carse (?), n. [Of Celtic
origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed,
Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant,
reed.] Low, fertile land; a river valley.
[Scot.]
Jomieson.
Cart (?), n. [AS.
cr\'91t; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael.
cairt, or Icel. kartr. Cf.
Car.] 1. A common name for various
kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a
chariot. \'bdPh\'d2bus' cart.\'b8
Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes
of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart.
Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers,
grocerymen, butchers, atc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.
Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a
horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. --
Cart load, Cartload,
as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and
carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of
the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart
load. -- Cart rope, a stout rope for
fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. --
To put (get set)
the cart before the horse, to invert the
order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a
cause.
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carting.] 1. To carry or
convey in a cart.
2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted.
Prior.
Cart, v. i. To carry burdens in a cart;
to follow the business of a carter.
Cart"age (?), n. 1.
The act of carrying in a cart.
2. The price paid for carting.
Cart"bote` (?), n.
[Cart + bote.] (Old Eng.
Law.) Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making
and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.
\'d8Carte (?), n. [F. See 1st
Card.] 1. Bill of fare.
2. Short for Carte de visite.
{ Carte. \'d8Quarte (?), }
n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf.
Quart.] (Fencing) A position in
thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward
and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right
breast.
\'d8Carte` blanche" (?). [F., fr. OF.
carte paper + -blanc, blanche,
white. See 1st Card.] A blank paper, with a
person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person,
with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence:
Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.
\'d8Carte" de vi*site` (?), pl.
Cartes de visite (. [F.]
1. A visiting card.
2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in
use for a visiting card.
Car*tel" (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L.
charta. See 1st Card.]
1. (Mil.) An agreement between
belligerents for the exchange of prisoners.
Wilhelm.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge
to single combat. [Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel.,
Sir W. Scott.
<-- 3. a formal or informal arrangement (sometimes unlawful)
among independent commercial enterprises organized for the
purpose of common gain, as by limiting competition or fixing
prices -->
Cartel, or Cartel ship,
a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying
propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and
privileged from capture.
Car"tel (?), v. t. To defy or
challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him.
B. Jonson.
Cart"er (?), n. 1. A
charioteer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species
of Phalangium; -- also called
harvestman. (b) A British
fish; the whiff.
Car*te"sian (?), a. [From
Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of Ren\'82
Descartes: cf. F. cart\'82sien.]
Of or pertaining to the French philosopher Ren\'82
Descartes, or his philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of matter.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cartesian co\'94rdinates (Geom),
distance of a point from lines or planes; -- used in a system
of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes.
-- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure,
used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to
illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in
changing the specific gravity of bodies. -- Cartesion
oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any
point of the curve mr + m\'b7r\'b7 = c, where
r and r\'b7 are the distances of the point
from the two foci and m, m\'b7 and
c are constant; -- used by Descartes.
Car*te"sian, n. An adherent of
Descartes.
Car*te"sian*ism, n. The philosophy of
Descartes.
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a. Of a pertaining to
ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa. --
n. A native or inhabitant of
Carthage.
Car"tha*min (?), n.
(Chem.) A red coloring matter obtained from the
safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.
Car*thu"sian (?), n. [LL.
Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of
Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)
A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at
Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.
Car*thu"sian, a. Pertaining to the
Carthusian.
Car"ti*lage (?), n. [L.
cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.]
(Anat.) A translucent, elastic tissue;
gristle.
Cartilage contains no vessels, and
consists of a homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there
are numerous minute cavities, or capsules, containing
protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See
Illust under Duplication.
Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the
joints. -- Cartilage bone (Anat.),
any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. --
Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he
sternum. See Illust. of Thorax.
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous (?), a. [L.
cartilageneus.] See
Cartilaginous.
Ray.
Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage +
facere to make.] The act or process of
forming cartilage.
Wright.
Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. [L.
cartilaginosus: cf. F.
cartilagineux.] 1. Of or
pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like
cartilage.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the skeleton in the
state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous
matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the
sharks.
Cart"man (?), n.; pl.
Cartmen (. One who drives or
uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.
Car*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who
make charts or maps.
{ Car`to*graph"ic (?),
Car`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a.
Of or pertaining to cartography.
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. By
cartography.
Car*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartographie. See Card, and
-graphy.] The act business of forming chart's
or maps.
Car"to*man`cy (?), n. [Cf. F.
cartomancie. See Card, and
-mancy.] The act of telling fortunes with
cards.
Car"ton (?), n. [F. See
Cartoon.] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a
pasteboard box.
\'d8Carton pierre (, a species of
papier-mach\'82, imitating stone or bronze
sculpture.
Knight.
Car*toon" (?), n. [F.
carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard,
cartoon.); fr. L. charta. See 1st
card.]
1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to
serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the
making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like;
as, the cartoons of Raphael.
2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or
magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the
cartoons of \'bdPuck.\'b8
Car"toon"ist, n. One skilled in drawing
cartoons.
Car*touch" (?), n.; pl.
Cartouches (#) [F. cartouche,
It. cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch,
fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf.
Cartridge.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of
paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge.
(b) A cartridge box. (c) A
wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon.
(d) A gunner's bag for ammunition.
(e) A military pass for a soldier on
furlough.
2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever,
console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of
paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for
receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the
edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.
3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on
monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a
sovereign.
Car"tridge (?), n. [Formerlly
cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche. See
Cartouch.] (Mil.) A complete
charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case,
capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material.
Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a
projectile. -- Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a
projectile, -- Center-fire cartridge, a
cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position
usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of
being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the
fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet.
Rim-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate
is contained in a rim surrounding its base. --
Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a
charge for a cannon. -- Cartridge belt, a
belt having pocket for cartridges. -- Cartridge
box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or
strap, for holding cartridges. -- Cartridge
paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing
cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering
walls, and also for making drawings upon.
Car"tu*la*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cartularies. [LL. cartularium,
chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F.
cartulaire. See 1st Card.]
1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or
church.
2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of
records or other public papers.
Cart"way` (?), n. A way or road
for carts.
Cart"wright` (?), n.
[Cart + wright.] An
artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.
Car"u*cage (?), n. [LL.
carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL.
carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]
1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow
or plowland.
2. The act of plowing. [R.]
Car"u*cate (?), n. [LL.
carucata, carrucata. See
Carucage.] A plowland; as much land as one
team can plow in a year and a day; -- by some said to be about
100 acres.
Burrill.
{ Car"un*cle (?),
\'d8Ca*run"cu*la (?), } n.
[L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of
caro flesh.] 1. (Anat.)
A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the
small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the
inner angle of the eye.
2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage
surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A naked, flesh appendage,
on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.
{ Ca*run"cu*lar (?),
Ca*run"cu*lous (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with
caruncles.
{ Ca*run"cu*late (?),
Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?), } a.
Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.
<-- p. 222 -->
\'d8Ca"rus (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Med.) Coma with complete
insensibility; deep lethargy.
Car"va*crol (?), n.
(Chem.) A thick oily liquid,
C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and disagreeable
odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum
carui).
Carve (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Carved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.]
[AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D.
kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve,
Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]
1. To cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's throat.
Spenser.
2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an
artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet.
Coleridge.
3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or
engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a
tree.
An angel carved in stone.
Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a
stone.
C. Wolfe.
4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at
table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to
apportion. \'bdTo carve a capon.\'b8
<-- = carve up -->
Shak.
5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of men.
Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin.
Tennyson.
6. To take or make, as by cutting; to
provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves their own
food.
South.
7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to
plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new
doublet.
Shak.
To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as
if by cutting; to cut out. \'bd[Macbeth] with his
brandished steel . . . carved out his passage.\'b8
Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of the
crown.
Macaulay.
Carve, v. i. 1. To exercise the
trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.
2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for
all the guests.
Carve, n. A carucate.
[Obs.]
Burrill.
Car"vel (?), n. [Contr. fr.
caravel.] 1. Same as
Caravel.
2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber.
Sir T. Herbert.
Car"vel*built (?), a.
(Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at
the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.
Car"ven (?), a. Wrought by
carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.
[Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree.
Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors.
Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory.
Mrs. Browning.
Car"vene (?), n. [F.
carvi caraway.] An oily substance,
C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.
Carv"er (?), n. 1. One
who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by
carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural
adornments, etc. \'bdThe carver's chisel.\'b8
Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes.
Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )
2. One who carves or divides meat at table.
3. A large knife for carving.
Carv"ing, n. 1. The act or art
of one who carves.
2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood,
or other material. \'bdCarving in wood.\'b8
Sir W. Temple.
3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any
kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian
carving of the 15th century.
Car"vist (?), n. [A corruption
of carry fist.] (Falconary) A
hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the
hand; a hawk in its first year.
Booth.
Car"vol (?), n. (Chem.)
One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling
carvacrol.
Car" wheel` (?), A flanged wheel of a
railway car or truck.
{ Car`y*at"ic (?), Car`y*at"id
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
caryatid.
Car`y*at"id (?), n.; pl.
Caryatids (#) [See
Caryatides.] (Arch.) A draped female figure
supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or
pilaster.
\'d8Car`y*at"i*des (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. (Arch)
Caryatids.
Atlantes, Telamones, and
Persians.
Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?), a.
[Gr.
(Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five
petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the
pink. (b) Belonging to the family of which
the pink and the carnation are the types.
Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline
substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common
camphor.
Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?), a.
Caryophyllaceous.
Car`y*op"sis (?), n.; pl.
Caryopses (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.) A
one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous
pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed
are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of
wheat, barley, etc.
Ca"sal (?), a. (Gram.)
Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal
ending.
Cas"ca*bel (?), n. [Sp.
cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob
at the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear
of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop
connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all
in rear of the base ring. [See Illust. of
Cannon.]
Cas*cade" (?), n. [F.
cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr.
cascare to ball.] A fall of water over a
precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall less than a
cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade.
Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade.
Cawper.
Cas*cade", v. i. 1. To fall in
a cascade.
Lowell.
2. To vomit. [Slang]
Smollett.
\'d8Cas*cal"ho (?), n. [Pg., a
chip of stone, gravel.] A deposit of pebbles, gravel,
and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually
found.
\'d8Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?). [Sp.]
Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn
(Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or
laxative.
Cas`ca*ril"la (?), n.[Sp.,
small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of c\'a0scara
bark.] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian
shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic
bark.
Cascarilla bark (Cascarila) (Med.), the bark of
Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a
warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It
is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its
fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to
occasion vertigo and intoxication.
Cas`ca*ril"lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter substance
extracted from oil of cascarilla.
Case (?), n. [OF.
casse, F. caisse (cf. It.
cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr.
caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf.
4th Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d
Sash.]
1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a
case for holding goods; a case for spectacles;
the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a
cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.
2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained
in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of
instruments.
3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into
compartments or \'bdboxes\'b8 for holding type.
Cases for type are usually arranged in
sets of two, called respectively the upper and the
lower case. The upper case contains
capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case
contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation,
quadrats, and spaces.
4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door
case; a window case.
5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits
water to the workings.
Knight.
Case, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] 1. To cover or
protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days
and nights in the saddle.
Prescott.
2. To strip the skin from; as, to case
a box. [Obs.]
Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L.
casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf.
Chance.] 1. Chance; accident; hap;
opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas.
Chaucer.
2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event;
an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition;
state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
case of injustice; the case of the Indian
tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
Deut. xxiv. 13.
If the case of the man be so with his wife.
Matt. xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case.
You know all other things give place.
Gay.
You think this madness but a common case.
Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable,
Shak.
3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under
treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten
cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or
injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases.
Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) The matters of fact or
conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the
questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing
is law that is not reason.
Sir John Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our courts.
Steele.
5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the
inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective,
which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate
constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun
sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from the
nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however,
is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the
nominative.
J. W. Gibbs.
Cases other than the nominative are
oblique cases. Case endings are
terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old
English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by
case endings, but in modern English only that of the
possessive case is retained.
Action on the case (Law), according
to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for
redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially
provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint
was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on the
case, or simply case. --
All a case, a matter of indifference.
[Obs.] \'bdIt is all a case to me.\'b8
L'Estrange. -- Case at bar. See under
Bar, n. -- Case divinity,
casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one versed in
the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law.
-- Case stated or agreed on
(Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on
and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points
arising on them. -- A hard case, an abandoned
or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In
any case, whatever may be the state of affairs;
anyhow. -- In case, In case
that, if; supposing that; in the event or
contingency; if it should happen that. \'bdIn
case we are surprised, keep by me.\'b8 W. Irving.
-- In good case, in good condition, health, or
state of body. -- To put a case, to suppose a
hypothetical or illustrative case.
Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;
predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
Case, v. i. To propose hypothetical
cases. [Obs.] \'bdCasing upon the
matter.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Ca`se*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ation. See Casein.]
(Med.) A degeneration of animal tissue into a
cheesy or curdy mass.
Case"-bay` (?), n.
(Arch.) (a) The space between two
principals or girders. (b) One of the joists
framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.
Case"hard`en (?), v. t. 1.
To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron
into steel.
2. To render insensible to good influences.
Case"hard`ened (?), a. 1.
Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.
2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good
influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or
resistance of good influences; -- said of persons.
Case"hard`en*ing, n. The act or process
of converting the surface of iron into steel.
Ure.
Casehardening is now commonly effected by
cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the
depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the
time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See
Cementation.
Ca"se*ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ique, fr. L. caseus cheese.]
OF or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic
acid.
Ca"se*in (?), n. [Cf. F.
cas\'82ine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable
kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and
constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the
vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the
seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of
alkali albumin. [Written also
caseine.]
<-- no pos in original. = n. -->
Case" knife` (?). 1. A knife
carried in a sheath or case.
Addison.
2. A large table knife; -- so called from being
formerly kept in a case.
Case"mate (?), n. [F.
casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from
casa house + matto, f. matta,
mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E.
-mate in checkmate.]
1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber, usually
of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through
embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for
quartering troops.
2. (Arch.) A hollow molding, chiefly in
cornices.
Case"ma`ted (?), a. Furnished
with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
Campbell.
Case"ment (?), n. [Shortened
fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf.
Incasement.] (Arch.) A window sash
opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into
which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window.
A casement of the great chamber window.
Shak.
Case"ment*ed, a. Having a casement or
casements.
Ca"se*ous (?), a. [L.
caseus. Cf. Casein.] Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of
cheese; cheesy.
Caseous degeneration, a morbid process, in
scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of
inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is
neither absorbed nor organized.
Ca"sern (?), n. [F.
caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in
garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks.
Bescherelle.
Case" shot` (?). (Mil.) A
collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or
canister.
case shot is a
thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls
and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe
shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot is
applied to what in the United States is called
canister.
Wilhelm.
\'d8Ca"se*um (?), n. [L.
caseus cheese.] Same as
Casein.
Case"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A worm or grub that makes for itself a
case. See Caddice.
Cash (?), n. [F.
caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a
box.] A place where money is kept, or where it is
deposited and paid out; a money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where every
man lodges his money.
Sir W. Temple.
\'9c20,000 are known to be in her cash.
Sir R. Winwood.
2. (Com.) (a) Ready money;
especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes,
drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money.
(b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds;
as, to sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in
price for cash.
Cash account (Bookkeeping), an
account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. --
Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who
carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a
cashier, and returns the proper change.
[Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an account
with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for
repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an
amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit
and cash account. -- Cash
sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from
those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on
the day of transaction.
<-- cash on the nail. A cash payment made immediately upon
receiving the thing purchased. -->
Syn. -- Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Casing.] To pay, or to receive, cash
for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an
order.
Cash, v. t. [See
Cashier.] To disband.
[Obs.]
Garges.
Cash, n.sing & pl. A Chinese coin.
cash (Chinese tsien) is
the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a
thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square
hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent
to a dollar.
<-- p. 223 -->
Cash"book (?), n.
(Bookkeeping) A book in which is kept a register
of money received or paid out.
Ca*shew" (?), n. [F.
acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay
k\'beyu tree; cf. Pg. acaju, cf.
Acajou.] (Bot.) A tree
(Anacardium occidentale) of the same family which the
sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized
in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows
at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three
inches long.
Casbew nut, the large, kidney-shaped fruit of
the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been
expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.
Cash*ier" (?), n. [F.
caissier, fr. caisse. See
Cash.] One who has charge of money; a cash
keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts
(moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cahiered (?); p. pr. &vb.
n. Cashiering.] [Earlier
cash, fr. F. casser to break, annul,
cashier, fr. L. cassare, equiv. to cassum
reddere, to annul; cf. G. cassiren. Cf.
Quash to annul, Cass.] 1.
To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with
ignominy from military service or from an office or place of
frust.
They have cashiered several of their followers.
Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord
lieutenant's own body guard.
Macaulay.
2. To put away or reject; to disregard.
[R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered.
Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense
of the words.
Sowth.
Cash*ier"er (?), n. One who
rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of
monarchs. [R.]
Burke.
Cash"mere (?), n. 1. A
rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere
from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of
Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine
quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.
2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine
wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere.
Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly shawl made
of cashmere; -- other called camel's-hair
shawl.
Cash`me*rette" (?), n. A kind
of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like
cashmere.
Ca*shoo" (?), n. [F.
cachou, NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay
cau from the tree called mimosa, or areca
catechu. Cf. Catechu.] See
Catechu.
Cas"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin
substance, as plaster, boards, etc.
2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament,
or to precent the radiation of heat.
3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a
door or a window. See Case, n., 4.
Ca"sings (?), n. pl. Dried dung
of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Waterland.
\'d8Ca*si"no (?), n.; pl. E.
Casinos (#), It. Casini
(#). [It. casino, dim. of
casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf.
Cassing.] 1. A small country
house.
2. A building or room used for meetings, or public
amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.
3. A game at cards. See Cassino.
Cask (?), n. [Sp.
casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr.
cascar to break, fr. L. Quassure to break.
Cf. Casque, Cass.] 1. Same
as Casque. [Obs.]
2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings,
and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may
be larger or smaller than a barrel.
3. The quantity contained in a cask.
4. A casket; a small box for jewels.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cask, v. t. To put into a cask.
Cas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F.
casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp.
casco.] 1. A small chest or box,
esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels,
etc.
The little casket bring me hither.
Shak.
2. A kind of burial case. [U.
S.]
3. Anything containing or intended to contain
something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body.
(Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton).
(c) A book of selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty casket.
Shak.
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.) A gasket.
See Gasket.
Cas"ket, v. t. To put into, or preserve
in, a casket. [Poetic] \'bdI have
casketed my treasure.\'b8
Shak.
Casque (?), n. [F.
casque, fr. Sp. casco See
Cask.] A piece of defensive or ornamental
armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a
helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes.
Prescott.
Cass (?), v. t. [F.
casser, LL. cassare, fr. L.
cassus empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L.
quassare to shake, shatter, v. intens. of
quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier, v.
t., Quash, Cask.] To render
useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Raleing.
Cas"sa*da (?), n. See
Cassava.
Cas"sa*reep (?), n. A condiment
made from the sap of the bitter cassava (Manihot
utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities,
concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See
Pepper pot.
Cas"sate (?), v. t. [LL.
cassare. See Cass.] To render void
or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]
Cas*sa"tion (?), n. [F.
cassation. See Cass.] The act of
annulling.
A general cassation of their constitutions.
Motley.
Court of cassation, the highest court of
appeal in France, which has power to quash (Casser) or
reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.
Cas"sa*va (?), n. [F.
cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi,
in the language of Hayti.] 1. (Bot.)
A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus
Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible
starch; -- called also manioc.
bitter and
sweet, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared
in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter
(Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this has a
poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the
poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi)
is used as a table vegetable.
2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks
of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.
Cas"se Pa"per (?). [F. papier
cass\'82. See Cass.] Broken paper; the
outside quires of a ream.
Cas"se*role (#) n. [F. a
saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.] 1.
(Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually
of porcelain.
2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a
hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or
paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or
meat.
Cas"sia (?), n. [L.
cassia and casia, Gr. qets\'c6\'beh, fr.
q\'betsa' to cut off, to peel off.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs,
shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative
qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used
in medicine.
2. The bark of several species of
Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon.
It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as
cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and
flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.
Cassia
pulp) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree
(Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree),
native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical
countries.
Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum
Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia
lignea, and are often used to adulterate true
cinnamon. -- Cassia buds, the dried flower
buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum
cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil
extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; -- called also
oil of cinnamon.
Cas"si*can (?), n. [NL.
cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a
belmet.] (Zo\'94l.) An American bird of the
genus Cassicus, allied to the starlings and orioles,
remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the
crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping
crow, an Australian bird.
Cas*sid"e*ous (?), a. [L.
Cassis helmet.] (Bot.)
Helmet-shaped; -- applied to a corolla having a broad,
helmet-shaped upper petal, as in aconite.
Cas"si*do*ny (?), n. [Cf. LL.
cassidonium, F. Cassidoine. See
Chalcedony.] (Bot.) (a)
The French lavender (Lawandula Stachas).
(b) The goldilocks (Chrysocoma
linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus
Gnaphalium or cudweed.
Cas"si*mere (?), n. [Cf. F.
casimir, prob. of the same origin as E.
cashmere. Cf. Kerseymere.] A thin,
twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.
[Written also kerseymere.]
Cas`si*nette" (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
casinete, G. cassinet.] A cloth
with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and
silk.
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals (?). (Math.)
See under Oval.
Cas*si"no (?), n. [It.
casino a small house, a gaming house. See
asing.] A game at cards, played by two or
more persons, usually for twenty-one points.
Great cassino, the ten of diamonds. --
Little cassino, the two of spades.
<-- 2. a gaming house, often containing slot machines, roulette
tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->
Cas"si*o*ber`ry (?), n. [NL.
cassine, from the language of the Florida
Indians.] The fruit of the Viburnum
obovatum, a shrub which grows from Virginia to
Florida.
Cas`si*o*pe"ia (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Astron.) A constellation of
the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; --
so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of
Ethiopia.
Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars, in
Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.
Cas*sit"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native tin dioxide; tin stone;
a mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown
color, and brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes
in compact forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling
wood (wood tin), also in rolled fragments or pebbly
(Stream tin). It is the chief source of metallic tin.
See Black tin, under Black.
Cas"sius (?), n. [From the name
of the discoverer, A. Cassius, a German physician of
the 17th centry.] A brownish purple pigment, obtained
by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of
gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to
give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called Purple of
Cassius.
Cas"sock (?), n. [F.
casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L.
casa cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic
origin.]
1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and
women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.
2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long
frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when
officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.
Cas"socked (?), a. Clothed with
a cassock.
\'d8Cas`so*lette" (?), n.
[F.] a box, or vase with a perforated cover to
emit perfumes.
Cas`son*ade" (?), n. [F., fr.
casson, for caisson a large chest. This
sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.] Raw sugar;
sugar not refined.
Mc Elrath.
Cas"so*wa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Cassowaries (#). [Malay
kasu\'beri.] (Zo\'94l.) A large
bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east
Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is
armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of
plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp
spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a
shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New
Guinea, Australia, etc.
{ Cas`su*mu"nar (?),
Cas`su*mu"ni*ar (?), } n.
[Hind.] (Med.) A pungent, bitter,
aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East Indies.
Cast (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. &
vb. n. Casting.] [Cf. Dan.
kastw, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin to L.
gerer to bear, carry. E. Jest.]
1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling;
to hurl; to impel.
Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones.
2 Chron. xxvi. 14
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me.
Acts. xii. 8
We must be cast upon a certain island.
Acts. xxvii. 26.
2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me!
Shak.
3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a
ballot.
4. To throw down, as in wrestling.
Shak.
5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about
thee.
Luke xix. 48.
6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast.
Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit.
Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the
viper, etc.
Bacon.
7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their young.
Gen. xxi. 38.
8. To throw out or emit; to exhale.
[Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell.
Woodward.
9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw;
as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast
light upon a subject.
10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.
The government I cast upon my brother.
Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord.
Ps. iv. 22.
11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier.
[Obs.]
The state can not with safety casthim.
12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to
cast a horoscope. \'bdLet it be
cast and paid.\'b8
Shak.
You cast the event of war my noble lord.
Shak.
13. To contrive; to plan.
[Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for
[an orange- house].
Sir W. Temple.
14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to
convict; as, to be cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged.
Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would
inevitably be cast.
Dr. H. More.
15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance;
hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a
casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in cases
dubious!
South.
16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring
liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found;
as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets.
17. (Print.) To stereotype or
electrotype.
18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a
play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.
Our parts in the other world will be new cast.
Addison.
To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under
Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope, to
calculate it. -- To cast a horse,
sheep, or other animal, to throw with the
feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising
again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or
lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. -- To cast
aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as
useless or inconvenient. -- To cast away.
(a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste.
\'bdCast away a life\'b8 Addison. (b)
To reject; to let perish. \'bdCast away his
people.\'b8 Rom. xi. 1. \'bdCast one
away.\'b8 Shak. (c) To
wreck. \'bdCast away and sunk.\'b8 Shak.
-- To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard;
to throw away. -- To cast down, to throw
down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind.
\'bdWhy art thou cast down. O my soul?\'b8 Ps.
xiii. 5. -- To cast forth, to throw out, or
eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. --
To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes
of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or
abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast lots. See
under Lot. -- To cast off. (a)
To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free
one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To
leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs.
Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie,
throw off, or let go, as a rope. -- To cast off
copy, (Print.), to estimate how much
printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the
page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of
pages. -- To cast one's self on upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly
to. as to the mercy of another. -- To cast out,
to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to
expel; to utter. -- To cast the lead
(Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the
botton. -- To cast the water (Med.),
to examine the urine for signs of disease.
[Obs.]. -- To cast up. (a)
To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to
reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit.
(d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.
Cast (?), v. i. 1. To
throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.
2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel
around from the wind in getting under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard.
Totten.
3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to
plan; as, to cast about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution
this should be.
Luke. i. 29.
4. To calculate; to compute.
[R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk.
Tennyson.
5. To receive form or shape in a mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold.
Woodward.
6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters
its flatness or straightness.
Moxon.
7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to cast.
B. Jonson.
Cast, 3d pres. of Cast, for
Casteth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cast, n. [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw.
kast.] 1. The act of casting or
throwing; a throw.
2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust.
Dryden.
3. The distance to which a thing is or can be
thrown. \'bdAbout a stone's cast.\'b8
Luke xxii. 41.
4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or
venture.
An even cast whether the army should march this way
or that way.
Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast,
And I will stand the hazard of the die.
Shak.
5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or
ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's
stomach, the excrement of a earthworm.
6. The act of casting in a mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen cannon.
Shak.
7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or
person; amold; a pattern.
8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a
reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster,
etc.; a casting.
9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a
pecullar cast of countenance. \'bdA neat
cast of verse.\'b8 Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure.
Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought.
Shak.
10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a
shade.
Gray with a cast of green.
Woodward.
11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage;
specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift.
[Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to
the next stage.
Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it.
Sir W. Scott.
12. The assignment of parts in a play to the
actors.
13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or
set of hawks let go at one time from the hand.
Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight.
Spenser.
14. A stoke, touch, or trick.
[Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his
information was wholly false.
Swift.
15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction;
look; glance; squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion.
Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye.
Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's
eye.
Hawthorne.
16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a
mold.
17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a
vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.
18. Contrivance; plot, design.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A cast of the eye, a slight squint or
strabismus. -- Renal cast (Med.),
microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected
with disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed
of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal
tubes. -- The last cast, the last throw of
the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the
last chance.
Cas*ta"li*an (?), a. [L.
Castalius] Of or pertaining to Castalia, a
mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the
Muses.
Milton.
\'d8Cas*ta"ne*a (?), n. [L., a
chestnut, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and
chinquapin.
Cas"ta*net (?), n. See
Castanets.
Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. [F.
castagnettes, Sp. casta\'a4etas, fr. L.
castanea (Sp. casta\'a4a) a chestnut. So
named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts
were first used for castanets. See Chestnut.]
Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like
spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the
middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an
accompaniment to their dance and guitars.
castanet, is used of
one of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming
the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand,
rattles then to the motion of his feet.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Cast"a*way (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.
2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral
shipwreck; a reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I
myself should be a castaway.
1 Cor. ix. 27.
Cas"a*way, a. Of no value; rejected;
useless.
Caste (?), n. [Pg.
casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure,
chaste: cf. F. caste, of same origin.]
1. One of the hereditary classes into which the
Hindoos are divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.
Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the
Kshatriyas, or soldiers and rulers; the
Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and the
Sudras, or laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste
are Pariahs, outcasts. Numerous mixed classes, or
castes, have sprung up in the progress of time.
2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons
in society who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste.
Macaulay.
To lose caste, to be degraded from the caste
to which one has belonged; to lose social position or
consideration.
Cas"tel*lan (?), n. [OF.
castelain, F. ch\'83telain, L.
castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a
caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. catellum
castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortifled place. See
Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.] A
goveror or warden of a castle.
Cas"tel*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Castellanies (#). [LL.
castellania.] The lordship of a castle; the
extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.
Cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. [LL.
castellatus, fr. castellare. See
Castle.] 1. Inclosed within a
building; as, a fountain or cistern
castellated. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a
castle; built in the style of a castle.
Cas`tel*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L.
castellum. See Castle.] The act of
making into a castle.
Cast"er (?), n. 1. One
who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a
caster of cannon; a caster of
accounts.
2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to
contain condiments at the table; as, a set of
casters.
3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.
4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is
supported and moved.
Cas"ti*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Castigated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Castigating.] [L.
castigatus, p. p. of castigare to correct,
punish; castus pure, chaste + agere to
move, drive. See Caste, and cf. Chasten.]
1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to
chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise
severely.
2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
catigatio.]
1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof;
pungent criticism.
The keenest castigation of her slanderers.
W. Irving.
2. Emendation; correction.
[Obs.]
Cas`ti*ga"tor (?), n.
[L.] One who castigates or corrects.
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L.
castigatorius.] Punitive in order to
amendment; corrective.
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n. An instrument
formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; -- called also
a ducking stool, or
trebucket.
Blacktone.
Cas"tile soap" (?). [From
Castile, or Castilia, a province in Spain,
from which it originally came.] A kind of fine, hard,
white or mottled soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap
made in imitation of the above-described soap.
Cas*til"ian (?), n. [Sp.
castellano, from Castila, NL.
Castilia, Castella. Castile, which received
its name from the castles erected on the frontiers as a barrier
against the Moors.] 1. An inhabitant or
native of Castile, in Spain.
2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.
Cas*til"lan, a. Of or pertaining to
Castile, in Spain.
Cast"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.
2. The act or process of making cast or
impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or
the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.
3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of
metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze
casting.
4. The warping of a board.
Brande & C.
5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast
off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc.
Casting of draperies, the proper distribution
of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture. --
Casting line (Fishing), the leader;
also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting
net, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from
a net that is set and left. -- Casting
voice, Casting vote, the decisive
vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or
house are equally divided. \'bdWhen there was an equal vote, the
governor had the casting voice.\'b8 B.
Trumbull. -- Casting weight, a weight
that turns a balance when exactly poised.
Cast" i`ron (?). Highly carbonized iron,
the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making
castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can
not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard.
Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica,
etc.
Cast"-i`ron, a. Made of cast iron.
Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.
Cas"tle (?), n. [AS.
castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of
castrum a fortified place, castle.] 1.
A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or
nobleman; a fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and
fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as
for his repose.
Coke.
Our castle's strength
Will laugh a siege to scorn.
Shak.
castle was a
single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it
and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and
surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards
or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great
hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat,
with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large
dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which
replaced ancient fortresses.
<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->
A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building
containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; B
C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the
exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner
courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose
apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior
walls; G H Round towers on the exterior walls;
K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable
fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and
leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose
pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below
the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a
separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing
spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower,
B, and serving also as a station for signal fire,
banner, etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower,
C; O Echauguettes; P P P
Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the
merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations
(those at Q defend the postern K);
R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road
ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the
castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of
approach enters the bailey at T and passes thence into
the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall
between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two
drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner
court.
<-- end of illustration caption. -->
2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's
back.
4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the
game of chess; a rook.
Castle in the air, a visionary project; a
baseless scheme; an air castle; -- sometimes called a castle
in Spain (F. Ch\'83teau en Espagne).
Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See
Fortress.
Cas"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Castled
(. p. pr. & vb. n. Castling
(?).] (Chess) To move the
castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the
castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering
the king.
Cas"tle*build`er (?), n. Fig.:
one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes.
-- Cas"tle*build`ing,
n.
Cas"tled (?), a. Having a
castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a
castled height or crag.
2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled
walls.
Cas"tle-guard` (?), n. 1.
The guard or defense of a castle.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A tax or imposition an
a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose
of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.
3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform
service within the realm, without limitation of time.
Cas"tle*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
castelerie. See Castle.] The
government of a castle.
Blount.
Cas"tlet (?), n. A small
castle.
Leland.
Cas"tle*ward` (?), n. Same as
Castleguard.
Cast"ling (?), n. That which is
cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
Sir T. Browne.
Cas"tling (?), n. (Chess)
A compound move of the king and castle. See Castle,
v. i./def>
Cast"-off` (?), a. Cast or laid
aside; as, cast-off clothes.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.
castor the beaver, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
rodents, including the beaver. See Beaver.
2. Castoreum. See Castoreum.
3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a
beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear
my castor.
Sir W. Scott.
4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for
overcoats.
Cast"or (?), n. See
Caster, a small wheel.
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.]
(Astron.) the northernmost of the two bright
stars in the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.
{ Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite (?),
} n. [The minerals castor and
pollux were so named because found together
on the island of Elba. See Castor and Pollux.]
(Min.) A variety of the mineral called petalite,
from Elba.
Cas"tor and Pol"lux (?).
[Castor and Pollux were twin sons of
Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.) See Saint
Elmo's fire, under Saint.
Cas"tor bean" (?). (Bot.) The
bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus
communis, or Palma Christi.)
Cas*to"re*um (?), n. [L. See
Castor.] A peculiar bitter orange-brown
substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs
between the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; --
used in medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.
<-- p. 225 -->
Cas"to*rin (?), n. [From 1st
Castor.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.
Cas"tor oil (?). A mild cathartic oil,
expressed or extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus
communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the oil
is inodorus and insipid.
Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma
Christi.
Cas`tra*me*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
castram\'82tation, fr. L.
castra camp + metari to measure off, fr.
meta limit.] (Mil.) The art or
act of encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.
Cas"trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Castrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Castrating.] [L.
castrarus, p; p. of castrare to castrate,
asin to Skr. \'87astra knife.] 1.
To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to
alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything
erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a
writing; to expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter,
which I have castrated in some places.
Spectator.
Cas*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
castratio; cf. F. castration.]
The act of castrating.
\'d8Cas*tra"to (?), n. [L.,
properly p. p. of castrare. See
Castrate.] A male person castrated for the
purpose of improving his voice for singing; an artificial, or
male, soprano.
Swift.
Cas"trel (?), n. [Cf. F.
cr\'82cerelle, cristel, OF.
crecel, cercele. Cf.
Kestrel.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Kestrel.
Cas*tren"sial (?), a. [L.
castrensis, fr. castra camp.]
Belonging to a camp.
Sir T. Browne.
Cas*tren"sian (?), a.
Castrensial. [R.]
Cast" steel" (?). See Cast
steel, under Steel.
Cas"u*al (?), a. [OE.
casuel, F. casuel, fr. L.
casualis, fr. casus fall, accident, fr.
cadere to fall. See Case.] 1.
Happening or coming to pass without design, and without
being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by
chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system.
W. Irving.
2. Coming without regularity; occasional;
incidental; as, casual expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional;
contingent; unforeseen. See Accidental.
Cas"u*al, n. One who receives relief for
a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.
Cas"u*al*ism (?), n. The
doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.
Cas"u*al*ist, n. One who believes in
casualism.
Cas"u*al*ly, adv. Without design;
accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.
Cas"u*al*ness, n. The quality of being
casual.
Cas"u*al*ty (?), n.; pl.
Casualties (#). [F.
casualit\'82, LL. casualitas.]
1. That which comes without design or without being
foreseen; contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere casualty.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence,
death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an
unhappy casualty.
3. pl. (Mil. & Naval)
Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or
desertion.
Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital devoted to
the treatment of injuries received by accident.
Syn. -- Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.
\'d8Cas`u*a*ri"na (?), n. [NL.,
supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the
feathers of the cassowary, of the genus
Casuarius.] (Bot.) A genus of
leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of a rushlike
appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are large,
producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called
beefwood from its color.
Cas"u*ist (?), n. [L.
casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See
Casual.] One who is skilled in, or given to,
casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned divine
concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give
him confidence.
South.
Cas"u*ist, v. i. To play the
casuist.
Milton.
{ Cas`u*is"tic (?),
Cas`u*is"tie*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.
Cas"u*ist*ry (?), a. 1.
The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience,
of resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or
determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do
by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws
of society or the church, or from equity and natural reason; the
application of general moral rules to particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the
science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a
particular department of it, distinguished by the title of
casuistry.
Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique
deflections from the general rule).
De Quincey.
2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or
teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and morals.
\'d8Ca"sus (?), n. [L.]
An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of
circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under
Accident.
Casus belli, an event or combination of events
which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of
war. -- Casus fortuitus, an accident against
which due prudence could not have provided. See Act of
God, under Act. -- Casus omissus,
a case not provided for by the statute.
Cat (?), n. [AS.
cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw.
kett, Icel. k\'94ttr, G. katze,
kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor.
kaz, LL. catus, Bisc. catua, NGr cot, Turk. kedi, Ar.
qitt; of unknown origin. CF. Ketten.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of various
species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The
domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat
(Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In
the United States the name wild cat is commonly
applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild
cat, and Tiger cat.
Angora cat; the Maltese cat; the Manx
cat.
The word cat is also used to designate other
animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat,
fisher cat, catbird, catfish
shark, sea cat.
2. (Naut.) (a) A strong vessel
with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is
employed in the coal and timber trade. (b) A
strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a
ship.
Totten.
3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.),
having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever
position in is placed.
4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and
the implement with which it is played. See Tipcat.
(c) A game of ball, called, according to the number of
batters, one old cat, two old cat,
etc.
5. A cat o' nine tails. See below.
Angora cat, blind cat,
See under Angora, Blind. -- Black
cat the fisher. See under Black. --
Cat and dog, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome;
inharmonius. \'bdI am sure we have lived a cat and
dog life of it.\'b8 Coleridge. -- Cat
block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block
with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor
up to the cathead. -- Cat hook
(Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat
block. -- Cat nap, a very short sleep.
[Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails, an
instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted
line or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog
offenders on the bare back. -- Cat's cradle,
game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the
fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is
transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each
transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch
cradle. -- To let the cat out of the bag,
to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully.
[Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval.
See Serval.
Cat (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catting.] (Naut.) To bring
to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See
Anchor.
Totten.
Cat"a (?). [Gr. kata`.]
The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a
prefix to signify down, downward,
under, against, contrary or
opposed to, wholly, completely;
as in cataclysm, catarrh. It sometimes
drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is
sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic,
catholic.
Cat`a*bap"tist (?), n. [Pref.
cata + aptist. See Baptist.]
(Eccl.) One who opposes baptism, especially of
infants. [Obs.]
Featley.
\'d8Cat`a*ba"sion (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. A vault under altar of a Greek
church.
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic (?), a. Aee
under Force.
Cat`a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cata + caustic.] (Physics)
Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve
formed by reflection. See Caustic, a.
Nichol.
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics)
A caustic curve formed by reflection of light.
Nichol.
Cat`a*chre"sis (?), n. [L. fr.
Gr. (Rhel.) A figure by which one word is
wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its
true signification; as, \'bdTo take arms against a sea of
troubles. \'b8 Shak. \'bdHer voice was but
the shadow of a sound.\'b8 Young.
{ Cat`a*chres"tic (?),
Cat"a*chres"tic*al (?), } a.
Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested
from its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.
-- Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly,
adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of
speaking.
Jer. Taylor.
Cat"a*clysm (?), n. [L.
cataclysmos, Gr. cataclysme.] 1. An extensive
overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.
2. (Geol.) Any violent catastrophe,
involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's
surface.
{ Cat`a*clys"mal (?),
Cat"a*clys"mic (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.
Cat`a*clys"mist (?), n. One who
believes that the most important geological phenomena have been
produced by cataclysms.
Cat"a*comb (?), n. [It.
catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr.
A cave, grotto, or
subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the
dead; -- commonly in the plural.
Cat`a*cous"tic (?), n. [Pref.
cata _ acoustics: cf. F.
caraconstique.] (Physics) That
part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See
Acoustics.
Hutton.
{ Cat`a*di*op"tric (?),
Cat`a*di*op"tric*al (?), } a.
[Pref. cata + dioptric: cf. F.
catadioptrique.] (Physics)
Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the
reflection and refraction of light; as, a
catadioptric light.
Hutton.
Cat`a*di*op"trics (?), n. The
science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of
catadioptric instruments.
Cat"a*drome (?), n. [Gr. 1. A
race course.
2. (Mach.) A machine for raising or
lowering heavy weights.
Ca*tad"ro*mous (?), a. [Gr. 1. (Bot.)
Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the
rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of
branching in ferns, and opposed to anadromous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Living in fresh water, and
going to the sea to spawn; -- opposed to anadromous,
and of the eel.
\'d8Cat`a*fal"co (?), n.
[It.] See Catafalque.
Cat"a*falque` (?), n. [F., fr.
It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral canopy; of uncertain
origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso,
cadalso, Pr. casafalc, OF.
chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.] A
temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of
eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or
their conveyance to the place of burial.
Cat`*ag*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. catagmatique.] (Med.)
Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.
Ca*ta"ian (?), n. A native of
Cathay or China; a foreigner; -- formerly a term of
reproach.
Shak.
Cat"a*lan (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A
native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of
Catalonia.
Catalan furnace, Catalan
forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for
producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly
much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of
the United States and elsewhere.
Cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L.
catalecticus, Gr. 1.
(Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the end, or
terminating in an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic
verse.
2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete;
partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.
Abney.
{ Cat"a*lep`sy (?),
\'d8Cat`a*lep"sis (?), } n.
[NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr.
(Med.) A sudden suspension of sensation and
volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be
given them, while the action of the heart and lungs
continues.
Cat`a*lep"tic (?), a. [Gr.
Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy;
affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic
fit.
\'d8Cat`al*lac"ta (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Catallactics.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Protozoa, of which Magosph\'91ra is the
type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched
pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free,
spherical colonies.
Cat`al*lac"tics (?) n. [Gr. The science
of exchanges, a branch of political economy.
Cat"a*log (?), n. & v.
Catalogue.
Cat"a*lo*gize (?), v. t. To
insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue.
[R.]
Coles.
Cat"a*logue (?), n. [F., fr.
catalogus, fr. Gr. A list
or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically, often
in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of the
students of a college, or of books, or of the stars.
Card catalogue, a catalogue, as of books,
having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards
arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or
alphabetically. -- Catalogue raisonn\'82
(?) [F.], a catalogue of books, etc.,
classed according to their subjects.
Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory.
See List.
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Catalogued (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cataloguing (?).] To
make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.
Cat"a*log`uer (?), n. A maker
of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of
catalogues.
Ca*tal"pa (?), n. [From the
language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered
this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.) A genus
of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species
are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental
North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long
cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa, of the
Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian
bean.
Ca*tal"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Catalyse. (#) [ML., fr. Gr.
1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay.
[R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety.
Evelyn.
2. (Chem.) (a) A process by
which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which
were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It
is now believed that such reactions are attended with the
formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by
alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty
left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether
from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in
the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on
starch. (b) The catalytic force.
Cat`a*ly"tic (?), a. Relating
to, or causing, catalysis. \'bdThe catalytic
power is ill understood.\'b8
Ure.
Catalytic force, that form of chemical energy
formerly supposed to determine catalysis.
Cat`a*lyt"ic, n. (Chem.) An
agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium
chloride, etc.
Cat`a*ma*ran", n. [The native East
Indian name.] 1. A kind of raft or float,
consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together,
and moved by paddles or sail; -- used as a surf boat and for
other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and
South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions
of North America, and at life-saving stations.
2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by
sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure
boats remarkable for speed.
3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat.
The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for
destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called
catamarans.
Knight.
4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold.
[Colloq.]
\'d8Cat`a*me"nia (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) The monthly
courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.
Cat`a*me"ni*al (?), a. [Gr.
Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.
Cat"a*mite (?), n. [L.
Catamitus, an old form of Ganymedes
Ganymede, Gr. A boy kept for unnatural
purposes.
Cat"a*mount (?), n.
[Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato
mentes mountain cat.] (Zo\'94l.) The
cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States, to the
lynx.
Cat"a*nad`ro*mous (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Ascending and descending fresh streams
from and to the sea, as the salmon; anadromous.
[R.]
Cat"a*pasm (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A compound medicinal
powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb
perspiration, etc.
Dunglison.
Cat`a*pel"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catapult.
Cat`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
cata + petalous.] (Bot.) Having
the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases,
as in the mallow.
Cat`a*phon"ic (?), a. Of or
relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.
Cat`a*phon"ics (?), n. [Pref.
cata + phonic: cf. F. cataphonique.]
(Physics) That branch of acoustics which treats
of reflested sounds; catacoustics.
Cat"a*phract (?), n. [L.
cataphractes, Gr.
1. (Mil. Antiq.) Defensive armor used
for the whole body and often for the horse, also, esp. the linked
mail or scale armor of some eastern nations.
2. A horseman covered with a cataphract.
Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and spears.
Milton.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The armor or plate
covering some fishes.
Cat"a*phract`ed (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Covered with a cataphract, or armor of
plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as
horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.
Cat`a*phrac"tic (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.
Cat`a*phys"ic*al, a. [Pref. cata +
physical.] Unnatural; contrary to nature.
[R.]
Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of
forehead which is unpleassing and cataphysical.
De Quincey.
Cat"a*plasm (?), n. [L.
cataplasma, Gr. (Med.) A soft
and moist substance applied externally to some part of the body;
a poultice.
Dunglison.
Cat"a*puce (?), n. [F.]
(Bot.) Spurge. [Obs.]
Cat"a*pult (?), n. [L.
catapulta, Gr.
1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine somewhat
resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and
Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.
2. A forked stick with elasti band for throwing
small stones, etc.
Cat"a*ract (?), n. [L.
cataracta, catarracles, a waterfall, Gr.
1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a large
waterfall.
2. (Surg.) An opacity of the crystalline
lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays
of light and impairs or destroys the sight.
3. (Mach.) A kind of hydraulic brake for
regulating the action of pumping engines and other machines; --
sometimes called dashpot.
Cat`a*rac"tous (?), a. Of the
nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.
Ca*tarrh" (?), n. [L.
catarrhus, Gr. Stream.]
(Med.) An inflammatory affection of any mucous
membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an
altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as
catarrh of the stomach; catarrh of the
bladder.
catarrh is applied
especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron,
the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an
acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough,
thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold
itself.
Ca*tarrh"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of
catarrh.
Cat"ar*rhine (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Catarrhina, a
division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes
which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See
Monkey.
Ca*tarrh"ous (?), a.
Catarrhal. [R.]
Cat`a*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Med.) Checking evacutions through astringent or
styptic qualities.
\'d8Ca*tas"ta*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
1. (Rhet.) That part of a speech,
usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject
matter to be discussed.
2. (Med.) The state, or condition of
anything; constitution; habit of body.
Ca*tas"ter*ism (?), n. [Gr.
A placing
among the stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes.
Whewell.
Ca*tas"tro*phe (?), n. [L.
catastropha, Gr. 1. An
event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a
final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence,
sudden calamity; great misfortune.
The strange catastrophe of affairs now at
London.
Bp. Buret.
The most horrible and portentous catastrophe that
nature ever yet saw.
Woodward.
2. The final event in a romance or a dramatic
piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a
comedy.
3. (Geol.) A violent and widely extended
change in the surface of the earth, as, an elevation or
subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal
causes.
Whewell.
Cat`a*stroph"ic (?), a. Of a
pertaining to a catastrophe.
B. Powell.
Ca*tas"tro*phism (?), n.
(Geol.) The doctrine that the geological changes
in the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of
violent physical causes; -- opposed to the doctrine of
uniformism.
Ca*tas"tro*phist (?), n.
(Geol.) One who holds the theory or
catastrophism.
Ca*taw"ba (?), n. 1. A
well known light red variety of American grape.
2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from
the Catawba grape.
Ca*taw"bas (?), n. pl.;
sing. Catawba. (Ethnol.) An
appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited the
regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the
Santee.
Cat"bird (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An American bird (Galeoscoptes
Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it
capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less
perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.
Cat"boat` (?), n. (Naut.)
A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward
as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Cat"call` (?), n. A sound like
the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express
dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for
making such a noise.
Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with
the great consort of catcalls which was exhibited.
Addison.
Catch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Caught (?)
Catched (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catching. Catched is rarely
used.] [OE. cacchen, OF.
cachier, dialectic form of chacier to hunt,
F. chasser, fr. (assumend) LL. captiare,
for L. capture, V. intens. of capere to
take, catch. See Capacious, and cf. Chase,
Case a box.]
1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the
hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding;
as, to catch a ball.
2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to
catch a thief. \'bdThey pursued . . . and
caught him.\'b8
Judg. i. 6.
3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a
hook; as, to catch a bird or fish.
4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. \'bdTo
catch him in his words\'b8.
Mark xii. 13.
5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to
apprehend; as, to catch a melody. \'bdFiery
thoughts . . . whereof I catch the issue.\'b8
Tennyson.
6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the
fire caught the adjoining building.
7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm.
The soothing arts that catch the fair.
Dryden.
8. To get possession of; to attain.
Torment myself to catch the English throne.
Shak.
9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy,
contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the
spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox;
to catch cold; the house caught
fire.
10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to
find; as, to catch one in the act of
stealing.
11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to
catch a train.
To catch fire, to become inflamed or
ignited. -- to catch it to get a scolding or
beating; to suffer punishment. [Colloq.] --
To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously while
speaking. [Colloq.] \'bdYou catch me
up so very short.\'b8 Dickens. -- To catch
up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.
Catch (?), v. i. 1. To
attain possession. [Obs.]
Have is have, however men do catch.
Shak.
2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light
obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a door
catches so as not to open.
3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not
catch.
4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to
communicate.
Does the sedition catch from man to man?
Addison.
To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be egger
to get or use. \'bd[To] catch at all opportunities of
subverting the state.\'b8 Addison. -- To catch
up with, to come up with; to overtake.
Catch, n. 1. Act of seizing; a
grasp.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily
fastened; as, the catch of a gate.
3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation
to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; as,
to lie on the catch. [Archaic]
Addison.
The common and the canon law . . . lie at catch,
and wait advantages one againt another.
T. Fuller.
4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain;
especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time;
as, a good catch of fish.
Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out
either of your brains.
Shak.
5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband
or wife in matrimony. [Colloq.]
Marryat.
6. pl. Passing opportunities seized;
snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many
intervals.
Locke.
7. A slight remembrance; a trace.
We retain a catch of those pretty stories.
Glanvill.
8. (Mus.) A humorous canon or round, so
contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.
Catch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caught. [R.]
Catch"-ba`sin (?), n. A cistern
or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a
sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass readly
throught the sewer.
Knight.
Catch"drain` (?), n. A dich or
drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also,
a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.
Catch"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, catches.
2. (Baseball) The player who stands
behind the batsman to catch the ball.
Catch"fly (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other
parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects
adhere. The species of Silene are examples of the
catchfly.
Catch"ing a. 1. Infections;
contagious.
2. Captavating; alluring.
Catch"ing, n. The act of seizing or
taking hold of
Catching bargain (Law), a bargain
made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at
an inadequate price.
Bouvier.
Catch"-mead`ow (?), n. meadow
irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of
hill.
Catch"ment (?), n. A surface of
ground on which water may be caught and collected into a
reservoir.
Catch"pen*ny (?), a. Made or
contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or
unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny
show. -- n. Some worthless
catchpenny thing.
Catch"poll` (?), n. [OF.
chacepol, chacipol.] A bailiff's
assistant.
{ Catch"up (?), Cat"sup
(?) }, n. [Probably of East Indian
origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian
pickles.] A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes,
walnuts, etc. [Written also
ketchup.]
Catch"wa`ter (?), n. A ditch or
drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.
Catch"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Cleavers.
Catch"weight` (?), adv.
(Horseracing) Without any additional weight;
without being handicapped; as, to ride
catchweight.
Catch"word` (?), n. 1.
Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding
speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.
2. (Print.) The first word of any page
of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom
corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It
is seldom used in modern printing.
3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for
effect; as, the catchword of a political party,
etc.
Catch"work` (?), n. A work or
artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands that lie on
the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.
Cate (?), n. Food.
[Obs.] See Cates.
{ Cat`e*chet"ic (?),
Cat`e*chet"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. Catechise.] Relating to or
consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according
to the ancient manner of teaching.
Socrates introduced a catechetical method of
arguing.
Addison.
Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
catechetical manner; by question and answer.
Cat`e*chet"ics (?), n. The
science or practice of instructing by questions and
answers.
Cat"e*chin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of the tannic acids, extracted from
catechu as a white, crystaline substance; -- called also
catechuic acid, and
catechuin.
Cat`e*chi*sa"tion (?), n. [LL.
catechizatio.] The act of
catechising.
Cat"e*chise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catechised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Catechising.] [L.
catechizare, Gr.
1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving
answeres, and offering explanations and corrections, -- esp. in
regard to points of religious faith.
2. To question or interrogate; to examine or try by
questions; -- sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from
a person answers which condemn his own conduct.
Swift.
<-- p. 227 -->
Cat"e*chi`ser (?), n. One who
catechises.
Cat"e*chism (?), n. [L.
catechismus, fr. Gr. See Catechise.]
1. A form of instruction by means of questions
answers.
2. A book containing a summary of principles,
especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form of
questions and answers.
The Jews, even till this day, have their
catechisms.
Hooker.
The Larger Catechism, The Shorter
Catechism. See Westminster
Assembly, under Assembly.
Cat`e*chis"mal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and
answers; catechical.
Cat"e*chist (?), n. [L.
catechista, fr. Gr.] One who instructs by
question and answer, especially in religions matters.
{ Cat`e*chis"tic (?),
Cat`e*chis"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism.
Dr. H. More.
Cat"e*chize, v. t. See
Catechise.
Cat"e*chu (?), n. [See
Cashoo.] (Chem.) A dry, brown,
astringent extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from
the Acacia catechu, and several other plants growing
in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid,
and is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the
names terra japonica, cutch,
gambier, etc.
Ure. Dunglison.
Cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See
catechin.
Cat"e*chu`men (?), n. [L.
catechunenus, Gr.
Catechise.] (Eccl.) One who is
receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of
Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially
recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction
preliminary to admission to full membership in the church.
Cat`e*chu"men*ate (?), n. The
state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one
is a catechumen.
Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal (?), a. Of
or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical
instructions.
Cat`e*chu"men*ist, n. A
catechumen.
Bp. Morton.
Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Category.] (Logic.)
Capable of being employed by itself as a term; -- said of a
word.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a category.
2. Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no
conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive;
express; as, a categorical proposition, or
answer.
The scriptures by a multitude of categorical and
intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen
and temporal and those that are unseen and eternal.
I. Taylor.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. Absolutely;
directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm
categorically.
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being categorical, positive, or absolute.
A. Marvell.
Cat"e*go*rist (?), n. One who
inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
Emerson.
Cat"e*go*rize (?), v. t. To
insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.
Cat"e*go*ry (?), n.; pl.
Categories (#) [L. categoria,
Gr. 1.
(Logic.) One of the highest classes to which the
objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they
can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable
conception; a predicament.
The categories or predicaments -- the former a
Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the Latin
language -- were intended by Aristotle and his followers as an
enumeration of all things capable of being named; an enumeration
by the summa genera i.e., the most extensive classes
into which things could be distributed.
J. S. Mill.
2. Class; also, state, condition, or predicament;
as, we are both in the same category.
There is in modern literature a whole class of writers
standing within the same category.
De Quincey.
Cat"el (?), n. [See
Chattel.] Property; -- often used by Chaucer
in contrast with rent, or income.
\'bdFor loss of catel may recovered be,
But loss of tyme shendeth us,\'b8 quod he.
Chaucer.
Cat`e*lec"trode (?), n. [Pref.
cata + elecrode.] (Physics) The
negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery.
Faraday.
Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a.
(Physics) Relating to, or characterized by,
catelectrotonus.
\'d8Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. Electro-) + (Physics) The condition of increased
irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative
electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through
it.
\'d8Ca*te"na (?), n.; pl.
Catene (#). [L., a chain.]
A chain or series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those
caten\'91 of games, which it seems now the fashion of
commentators to link together.
C. J. Ellicott.
{ Cat"e*na*ry (?), Cat`e*na"ri*an
(?), } a. [L.
catenarius, fr. catena a chain. See
Chain.] Relating to a chain; like a chain;
as, a catenary curve.
Cat"e*na*ry, n.; pl. Catenaries
(. (Geol.) The curve formed by
a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility,
hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same
vertical line.
Cat"e*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catenated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Catenating.] [L.
catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr.
catena chain. See Chain.] To
connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain.
E. Darwin.
Cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [L.
catenatio.] Connection of links or union of
parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See
Concatenation.
Sir T. Browne.
Ca*ten"u*late (?), a. [L.
catenuia, dim. of catena chain.]
1. Consisting of little links or chains.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Chainlike; -- said both or
color marks and of indentations when arranged like the links of a
chain, as on shells, etc.
Ca"ter (?), n. [OE.
catour purchaser, caterer, OF. acator, fr.
acater, F. acheter, to buy, provide, fr.
LL. accaptare; L. ad + captare to strive,
to seize, intens, of capere to take, seize. Cf.
Acater, Capacious.] A provider; a
purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ca"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Catered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Catering.] [From
Cater, n.] 1. To provide
food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions.
[He] providently caters for the sparrow.
Shak.
2. By extension: To supply what is needed or
desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; -- followed by
for or to.
Ca"ter, n. [F. quatre
four.] The four of cards or dice.
Ca"ter, v. t. To cut diagonally.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Cat"e*ran (?), n. [Gael.
ceatharnach. Cf. Kern Irish foot
soldier.] A Highland robber: a kind of irregular
soldier. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Ca"ter-cor"nered (?), a. [Cf.
Cater to cut diagonally.] Diagonal.
[Colloq.]
Ca"ter-cous`in (?), n. A remote
relation. See Quater-cousin.
Shak.
Ca"ter*er (?), n. One who
caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and
caterer.
Shelton.
Ca"ter*ess, n. A woman who caters.
Milton.
Cat"er*pil`lar (?), n. [OE.
catyrpel, corrupted fr. OF. chatepelouse,
or cate pelue, fr. chate, F.
chatte, she-cat, fem. of chat, L.
catus + L. pilosus hairy, or F.
pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus hair. See
Cat, and Pile hair.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The larval state of a butterfly or any
lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval
state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called
false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of
true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs)
armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed
on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very
destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the
cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Scorpiurus, with pods resembling caterpillars.
Caterpillar catcher, Caterpillar
eater (Zo\'94l.), a bird belonging to
the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars. The name is
also given to several other birds. -- Caterpillar
hunter (Zo\'94l.), any species of beetles of
the genus Callosoma and other allied genera of the
family Carabid\'91 which feed habitually upon
caterpillars.
Cat"er*waul (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caterwauled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caterwauling.] [Cat +
waul, wawl, to cry as a cat.] To
cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive
noise.
Coleridge.
Cat"er*waul, n. A caterwauling.
Cat"er*waul`ing, n. The cry of cats; a
harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of cats.
Shak.
Ca"ter*y (?), n. [See
Cater, n.] The place where
provisions are deposited. [Obs.]
Cates (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Acates, and see Cater, n.]
Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties.
Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay.
Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best spilth.
R. Browning.
Cat"-eyed` (?), a. Having eyes
like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.
Cat"fall` (?), n. (Naut.)
A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead.
Totten.
Cat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A name given in the United States to
various species of siluroid fishes; as, the yellow
cat (Amiurus natalis); the bind cat
(Gronias nigrilabrus); the mud cat
(Pilodictic oilwaris), the stone cat
(Noturus flavus); the sea cat (Arius
felis), etc. This name is also sometimes applied to
the wolf fish. See Bullhrad.
Cat"gut` (?), n.
[Cat + gut.] 1. A
cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals, esp.
of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.
2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide
interstices.
Cath"a*rine wheel` (?). See catherine
wheel.
Cath"a*rist (?), n. [LL.
catharista, fr. Gr. One
aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than others
about him; -- applied to persons of various sects. See
Albigenses.
Cat"-harp`in (?), n. See
Cat-harping.
Cat"-harp`ing n. (Naut.) One
of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the shrouds
toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.
\'d8Ca*thar"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)
A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the
mouth, bowels, etc.
{ Ca*thar"tic (?), Ca*thar"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. chaste.]
1. (Med.) Cleansing the bowels;
promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.
2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of
senna, as cathartic acid.
Ca*thar"tic, n. [Gr.
(Med.) A medicine that promotes alvine
discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity.
cathartics are more energetic and
certain in action that the laxatives, which simply
increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and
irritaint that the drastic purges, which cause
profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations.
-- Ca*thar"tic*al*ly, adv. --
Ca*thar"tic*al*ness, n.
ca*thar"tin (?), n.
(Chem.) The bitter, purgative principle of senna.
It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called
also cathartic acid, and
cathartina.
Ca*thay" (?), n. China; -- an
old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by
Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North
China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.)
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of
Cathay.
Tennyson.
Cat"head` (?), n. (Naut.)
A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel,
to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.
\'d8Cath"e*dra (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Chair.] The official chair
or throne of a bishop, or of any person in high authority.
Ex cathedra [L., from the chair],
in the exercise of one's office; with authority.
The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible
\'bdwhen he speaks ex cathedra.\'b8
Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.
Ca*the"dral (?), n. [LL.
cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf. F.
cath\'82drale. See Cathedra.] The
principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop
has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.
Ca*the"dral, a. [LL.
cathedralis: cf. F. cath\'82dral.]
1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese;
as, a cathedral church; cathedral
service.
2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope
or bishop; official; authoritative.
Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make
a cathedral determination of an article!
Jer. Taylor.
3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as,
cathedral walks.
Pope.
Cath`e*dral"ic (?), a.
Cathedral. [R.]
Cath`e*dra"ted (?), a. [From
Cathedra.] Relating to the chair or office of
a teacher. [Obs.]
Cath`e*ret"ic (?), n. [Gr.
(Med.) A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts
and other excrescences.
Dunglison.
Cath"er*ine wheel` (?). [So called from
St. Catherine of Alexandria, who is represented with a
wheel, in allusion to her martyrdom.]
1. (Geoth.Arth.) Same as Rose
window and Wheel window. Called also
Catherine-wheel window.
2. (Pyrotechny) A revolving piece of
fireworks resembling in form the window of the same name.
[Written also Catharine wheel.]
Cath"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) The
name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp.
applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder
through the urethra to draw off the urine.
Eustachian catheter. See under
Eustachian. -- Prostatic catheter,
one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.
{ Cath"e*ter*ism (?),
Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion (?), } n.
(Med.) The operation of introducing a
catheter.
Cath"e*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Catheterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Catheterizing.] (Med.) To
operate on with a catheter.
Dunglison.
Cath`e*tom"e*ter (?), n. [From
Gr. -meter.] An
instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences of
height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper
surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same
column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling
apparatus (d), which slides up or down a perpendicular
metallic standard very finely graduated (bb). The
telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight the objects or
surfaces, and the differences in vertical height are thus shown
on the graduated standard. [Written also
kathetometer.]
\'d8Cath"e*tus (?), n.; pl.
catheti (#). [L., fr. Gr. Catheter.] (Geom.) One line or
radius falling perpendicularly on another; as, the
catheti of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two
sides that include the right angle.
Barlow.
Cath"ode (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) The
part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves
substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the
electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative
pole; -- opposed to anode.
Faraday.
Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of ray
generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical
discharge<-- X-ray -->.
Ca*thod"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) A term applied to the centrifugal, or
efferent course of the nervous infuence.
Marshall Hall.
Cat"-hole` (?), n.
(Naut.) One of two small holes astern, above the
gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be passed.
<-- p. 228 -->
Cath"o*lic (?), a. [L.
catholicus, Gr. solid: cf. F.
catholique.] 1. Universal or
general; as, the catholic faith.
Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great
and catholic a war.
Southey.
2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal;
as, catholic tastes.
3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman
Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation
act.
Catholic epistles, the espistles of the
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a
particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and
John.
Cath"o*lic, n. 1. A person who
accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of
the orthodox Christian church.
2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a
Roman Catholic.
Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by
members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical
character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp.
that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the
ancient Catholic faith.
Ca*thol"i*cal (?), a.
Catholic. [Obs.]
Ca*thol"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F.
catholicisme.]
1. The state or quality of being catholic or
universal; catholicity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.
3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian
church, or adherence thereto.
4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic
church, or adherence thereto.
Cath`o*lic"i*ty (?), n. 1.
The state or quality of being catholic; universality.
2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.
3. Adherence or conformity to the system of
doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the
doctrine so held; orthodoxy.
4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of
Rome, or the doctrines themselves.
Ca*thol"i*cize (?), v. t. & i.
To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.
Cath"o*lic*ly (?), adv. In a
catholic manner; generally; universally.
Sir L. Cary.
Cath"o*lic*ness, n. The quality of being
catholic; universality; catholicity.
Ca*thol"i*con (?), n. [Gr. Catholic.]
(Med.) A remedy for all diseases; a
panacea.
\'d8Ca*thol"i*cos (?), n. [NL.
See Catholic.] (Eccl.) The
spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at
Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over,
and consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia,
Turkey, and Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople,
Jerusalem, and Sis.
civil head of the Armenians in Turkey.
Cat`i*li*na"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Catilinarius.] Pertaining to Catiline, the
Roman conspirator; resembling Catiline's conspiracy.
Cat"i*on (?), n. [Gr. p. pr. of (Chem.) An electro-positive substance,
which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; --
opposed to anion.
Faraday.
Cat"kin (?), n. [Cat
+ -kin.] (Bot.) An ament; a
species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many
unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and
poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak,
hickory, etc. -- so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail.
See Illust. of Ament.
Cat"like` (?), a. Like a cat;
stealthily; noiselessly.
Cat"ling (?), n.
[Cat + -ing.] 1. A
little cat; a kitten. \'bdCat nor catling.\'b8
Drummond.
2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.]
Shak.
3. (Surg.) A double-edged, sharp-pointed
dismembering knife. [Spelt also
catlin.]
Crobb.
Cat"lin*ite (?), n. [From
George Catlin, an American traveler.] A red
clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for
their pipes.
{ Cat"nip` (?), Cat"mint`
(?), } n. (Bot.) A
well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N.
Cataria), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and
sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a
peculiar fondness for it.
Cat`o-ca*thar"tic (?), n. [Gr.
Cathartic.]
(Med.) A remedy that purges by alvine
discharges.
Ca*to"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Catonionus.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe;
inflexible.
Cat" o' nine" tails`. See under Cat.
{ Ca*top"ter (?), Ca*top"tron
(?), } n. [Gr. A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a
mirror. [Obs.]
{ Ca*top"tric (?), Ca*top"tric*al
(?), } a. [Gr. Catopter.] Of or pertaining to catoptrics;
produced by reflection.
Catoptric light, a light in which the rays are
concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a
distance.
Ca*top"trics (?), n. [Cf. F.
catoptrique. See Catropric.]
(Physics) That part of optics which explants the
properties and phenomena of reflected light, and particularly
that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; \'c3-
formerly caled anacamptics.
Ca*top"tro*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
-mancy. See Catopter.]
(Antiq.) A species of divination, which was
perforned by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person
to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted
and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was
favorable.
Ca*top"ron (?), n.
[Obs.] See Catopter.
Cat`pipe" (?), n. See
Catcall.
Cat"-rigged` (?), a. Rigged
like a catboat.
Cat"-salt` (?), n. A sort of
salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach
brine.
Cat's"-eye` (?), n.
(Min.) A variety of quartz or chalcedony,
exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like the eye of a
cat. The mane is given to other gems affording like effects, esp.
the chrysoberyl.
Cat's`-foot (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Nepeta Glechoma) of
the same genus with catnip; ground ivy.
Cat"-sil`ver (?), n.
Mica. [Archaic]
Cats"kill pe`ri*od (?). (Geol.)
The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The
rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill
mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous
formation. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cat"so (?), n.; pl.
Catsos (#). [It.
cazzo.] A base fellow; a rogue; a
cheat. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cat's"-paw` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) (a) A light transitory air which
ruffles the surface of the water during a calm, or the ripples
made by such a puff of air. (b) A particular
hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a tackle may be
hooked.
2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used
by another as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.
Cat's"-tail (?), n. See
Timothy, Cat-tail, Cirrus.
Cat"stick` (?), n. A stick or
club employed in the game of ball called cat or
tipcat.
Massinger.
Cat"stitch (?), v. t.
(Needlework) To fold and sew down the edge of
with a coarse zigzag stitch.
Cat"sup (?), n. Same as
Catchup, and Ketchup.
Cat"-tail (?), n. (Bot.)
A tall rush or flag (Typha latifolia) growing in
marshes, with long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a
close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are
frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See
Catkin.
lesser cat-tail is Typha
angustifolia.
Cat"tish (?), a. Catlike;
feline
Drummond.
Cat"tle (?), n. pl. [OE.
calet, chatel, goods, property, OF.
catel, chatel, LL. captale,
capitale, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L.
capitals relating to the head, chief; because in early
ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property. See
Capital, and cf. Chattel.]
Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including
all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses,
and swine.
Belted cattle, Black
cattle. See under Belted,
Black. -- Cattle guard, a trench
under a railroad track and alongside a crossing (as of a public
highway). It is intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the
track. -- cattle louse (Zo\'94l.),
any species of louse infecting cattle. There are several
species. The H\'91matatopinus eurysternus and H.
vituli are common species which suck blood;
Trichodectes scalaris eats the hair. --
Cattle plague, the rinderpest; called also
Russian cattle plague. --
Cattle range, Cattle run,
an open space through which cattle may run or range.
[U. S.] Bartlett. -- Cattle
show, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for
the encouragement of stock breeding; -- usually accompanied with
the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of
implements.
Cat"ty (?), n. [Malay
kat\'c6. See Caddy.] An East
Indian Weight of 1\'a7 pounds.
Cau*ca"sian (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region
between the Black and Caspian seas.
2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind,
of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as
the type.
Cau*ca"sian, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.
2. A member of any of the white races of
mankind.
Cau"cus (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of
caucus in the N. A. Indian word
cawcawwassough or ca\'a3 cau-as'u one who
urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an early use of
the word caucus.] A meeting, especially a
preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate
candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a
nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party
policy; a political primary meeting.
This day learned that the caucus club meets, at
certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the
Boston regiment.
John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].
Cau"cus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Caucused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caucusing.] To hold, or meet
in, a caucus or caucuses.
Cau"dad (?), adv. [L.
cauda tail + ad to.]
(Zo\'94l.) Backwards; toward the tail or
posterior part.
\'d8Cau"da gal*li, (. [L., tail of a
cock.] (Paleon.) A plume-shaped fossil,
supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian
rocks; as, the cauda galli grit.
Gauda galli epoch (Geol.), an epoch
at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named
from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions
of cauda galli. See the Diagram under
Geology.
Cau"dal (?), a. [L.
Cauda tail. Cf. Coward.] Of the
nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like
appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal
plumes.
Darwin.
Caudal fin (Zo\'94l.), the terminal
fin (or \'bdtail\'b8) of a fish.
\'d8Cau*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zo\'94l.)
See Urodela.
{ Cau"date (?), Cau"da*ted
(?). } a. [L. cauda
tail.] Having a taill; having a termination like a
tail.
\'d8Cau"dex (?), n.; pl. L.
Caudices (#), E. Caudexes
(#). [L.] (Bot.) The
sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or
a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous
plant.
{ Cau"di*cle (?),
\'d8Cau*dic"u*la (?), } n.
[Dim. of L. cauda tail, appendage.]
(Bot.) A slender, elastic process, to which the
masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.
Cau"dle (?), n. [OF.
caudel, F. chaudeau, dim. of LL
calidum a sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm.
See Caldron.] A kind of warm drink for sick
persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and
spices.
Cau"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caudled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Caudling (?).] 1.
To make into caudle.
2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh.
[R.]
Shak.
Cauf (?), n. [Perh. akin to
Celtic caff, cav, cau, L.
cavus hollow, or to L. caphinus, Gr. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in
water.
Philips.
Cau"fle, n. A gung of slaves. Same as
Coffle.
Caught (?), imp. & p. p. f
Catch.
{ Cauk (?), n.,
Cauk"er (?), } n. See
Cawk, Calker.
Caul (?), n. [OE.
calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale;
cf. Ir. calla a veil.] 1. A
covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a
net.
Spenser.
2. (Anat.) The fold of membrane loaded
with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals;
the great omentum See Omentum.
The caul serves for warming of the lower belly.
Ray.
3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes
enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a
child at its birth.
It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane
over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible
preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the
midwives frequently sold it for magic uses.
Grose.
I was born with a caul, which was advertised for
sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
Dickens.
Cau*les"cent (?), a. [L.
caulis stalk, stem: cf. F.
caulescent.] (Bot.) Having a
leafy stem.
Cau"li*cle (?), n. (Bot.)
A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in
the embryo of seed; -- otherwise called a
radicle.
\'d8Cau*lic"u*lus (?), n.;
pl. Cauliculi (#) [L.
caulculus little stalk, dim. of
caulis.] (Arch.) In the
Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the
lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the
volutes. See Illust. of Corinthian order, under
Corinthian.
Cau"li*flow`er (?), n. [F.
choufleur, modified by E. Cole. L.
caulis, and by E. flower; F.
chou cabbage is fr. L. caulis stalk,
cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos
flower. See Cole, and Flower.]
1. (Bot.) An annual variety of
Brassica oleracea, or cabbage of which the cluster of
young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
2. The edible head or \'bdcurd\'b8 of a caulifower
plant.
Cau"li*form (?), a. [L.
caulis + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form of a caulis.
Cau"line (?), a. (Bot.)
Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a
caulis.
\'d8Cau"lis (?), n.; L. pl.
Caules (#). [L., a stem.]
(Bot.) An herbaceous or woody stem which bears
leaves, and may bear flowers.
Caulk (?), v. t. & n. See
Calk.
Cau`lo*car"pous (?), a. [Gr.
(Bot.) Having stems
which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and
shrubs.
\'d8Cau"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) Great heat, as
of the body in fever.
Cau"po*nize (?), v. i. [L.
cauponari, fr. caupo huckster,
innkeeper.] To sell wine or victuals.
[Obs.]
Warburfon.
Caus"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being caused.
Caus"al (?), a. [L.
causalis. See Cause.] Relating to
a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes;
expressing a cause; causative.
Causal propositions are where two propositions are
joined by causal words.
Watts.
Caus"al, n. A causal word or form of
speech.
Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of
Anglo-Saxon drincan to drink.
Skeat.
Cau*sal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Causalities (.
1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a
cause, in producing its effect.
The causality of the divine mind.
Whewell.
2. (Phren.) The faculty of tracing
effects to their causes.
G. Combe.
Caus"al*ly (?), adv. According
to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to
causes.
Caus"al*ly (?), n.
(Mining.) The lighter, earthy parts of ore,
carried off washing.
Cau*sa"tion (?), n. The act of
causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is
produced.
The kind of causation by which vision is
produced.
Whewell.
Law of universal causation, the theoretical or
asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is
the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being
present, the other is certain to take place.
Cau*sa"tion*ist, n. One who believes in
the law of universal causation.
Caus"a*tive (?), a. [L.
causativus pertaining to a lawsuit (causa),
but in the English sense from E. cause.]
1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing.
Causative in nature of a number of effects.
Bacon.
2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as,
the ablative is a causative case.
<-- p. 229 -->
Caus"a*tive (?), n. A word
which expresses or suggests a cause.
Caus"a*tive*ly, adv. In a causative
manner.
Cau*sa"tor (?), n. [See
Cause.] One who causes.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cause (?), n. [F.
cause, fr. L. causa. Cf. Cause,
v., Kickshaw.] 1. That
which produces or effects a result; that from which anything
proceeds, and without which it would not exist.
Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to
make one thing begin to be.
Locke.
2. That which is the occasion of an action or
state; ground; reason; motive; as, cause for
rejoicing.
3. Sake; interest; advantage.
[Obs.]
I did it not for his cause.
2 Cor. vii. 12.
4. (Law) A suit or action in court; any
legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or
what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.
5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter;
question; affair in general.
What counsel give you in this weighty cause!
Shak.
6. The side of a question, which is espoused,
advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is
advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain.
God befriend us, as our cause is just.
Shak.
The part they take against me is from zeal to the
cause.
Burke.
Efficient cause, the agent or force that
produces a change or redult. -- Final cause,
the end, design, or object, for which anything is done.
-- Formal cause, the elements of a conception
which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it
is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and
co\'94perating with the matter. -- Material
cause, that of which anything is made. --
Proximate cause. See under
Proximate. -- To make common cause with,
to join with in purposes and aims.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason;
incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.
Cause, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caused (?); p. pr. & v. n.
Causing.] [F. causer, fr.
cause, fr. L. causa. See Cause,
n., and cf. Acouse.] To effect as
an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to
bring into existence; to make; -- usually followed by an
infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite
verb.
I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty
days.
Gen. vii. 4.
Cause that it be read also in the church of the
Laodiceans.
Col. iv. 16.
Syn. -- To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion;
originate; induce; bring about.
Cause, v. i. To assign or show cause; to
give a reason; to make excuse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cause, conj. Abbreviation of
Because.
B. Jonson.
Cause"ful (?), n. Having a
cause. [Obs.]
Cause"less, a. 1. Self-originating;
uncreated.
2. Without just or sufficient reason;
groundless.
My fears are causeless and ungrounded.
Denham.
Cause"less, adv. Without cause or
reason.
Cause"less*ness, n. The state of being
causeless.
Caus"er (?), n. One who or that
which causes.
\'d8Cau`seuse" (?), n. [F., fr.
causer to talk.] A kind of sofa for two
person. A t\'88te-a-t\'88te.
{ Cause"way (?), Cau"sey
(?), } n. [OE. cauci,
cauchie, OF. cauchie, F.
chauss\'82e, from LL. (via)
calciata, fr calciare to make a road,
either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone
(cf. E. chalk), or from L. calceus shoe,
from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by
treading.] A way or road rasid above the natural level
of the ground, serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy
ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your way.
Dryden.
The other way Satan went down
The causey to Hell-gate.
Milton.
{ Cause"wayed (?), Cau"seyed
(?). } a. Having a raised way
(causeway or causey); paved.
Sir W. Scott. C. Bront\'82.
Cau*sid"i*cal (?), a. [L.
causidicakis; causa a cause in law +
dicare to say.] Pertaining to an advocate,
or to the maintenance and defense of suits.
{ Caus"tic (?), Caus"tic*al
(?), } a. [L. caustucs,
Ge. Calm, Ink.]
1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or
eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.
2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a
caustic remark.
Caustic curve (Optics), a curve to
which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve,
are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous
point being in one plane. -- Caustic lime.
See under Lime. -- Caustic
potash, Caustic soda (Chem.),
the solid hydroxides potash, KOH, and soda,
NaOH, or solutions of the same. --
Caustic silver, nitrate of silver, lunar
caustic. -- Caustic surface (Optics),
a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another
surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called
catacaustic when formed by reflection, and
diacaustic when formed by refraction.
Syn. -- Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.
Cau"stic, n. [L. causticum
(sc. medicamentum). See Caustic,
a.] 1. Any substance or means
which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns,
corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.
2. (Optics) A caustic curve or caustic
surface.
Caus"tic*al*ly, adv. In a caustic
manner.
Caus*tic"i*ly (?), n. 1.
The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the
causticity of potash.
2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the
causticity of a reply or remark.
Caus"tic*ness (?), n. The
quality of being caustic; causticity.
Cau"tel (?), n. [F.
caut\'8ale, L. cautela, fr.
cavere to be on one's guard, to take care.]
1. Caution; prudence; wariness.
[Obs.]
Fulke.
2. Craft; deceit; falseness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cau"te*lous (?), a. [F.
cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See
Cautel.] 1. Caution; prudent;
wary. [Obs.] \'bdCautelous, though
young.\'b8
Drayton.
2. Crafty; deceitful; false.
[Obs.]
Shak.
-- Cau"te*lous*ly, adv. --
Cau"te*lous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Cau"ter (?), n. [F.
caut\'8are, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. Caustic,
Cautery.] A hot iron for searing or
cauterizing.
Minsheu.
Cau"ter*ant (?), n. A
cauterizing substance.
Cau"ter*ism (?), n. The use or
application of a caustic; cautery.
Ferrand.
Cau`ter*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. caut\'8arisation.] (Med.) The
act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery
or caustic; also, the effect of such application.
Cau"ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cauterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cauterizing.] [L.
cauterizare, Gr. caut\'82rised.. See cauter.]
1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic.
Dunglison.
2. To sear, as the conscience.
Jer. Taylor.
Cau"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cauteries (#). [L.
cauterium, Gr. Cauter.]
1. (Med.) A burning or searing, as of
morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic
that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.
2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing.
Actual cautery, a substance or agent (as a hot
iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so
effected. -- Potential cautery, a substance
which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar caustic;
also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.
Cau"tion (?), n. [F.
caution a security, L. cautio, fr.
cavere (For scavere) to be on one's guard,
to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E.
show.] 1. A careful attention to
the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may
be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care;
wariness.
2. Security; guaranty; bail.
[R.]
The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient
caution that the war should be prosecuted.
Clarendon.
3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind;
exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction.
In way of caution I must tell you.
Shak.
Caution money, money deposited by way of
security or guaranty, as by a student at an English
university.
Syn. -- Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence;
watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence;
counsel; advice; warning; admonition.
Cau"tion v. t. [imp & p.
p. Cautioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cautioning.] To give notice of
danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take heed.
You cautioned me against their charms.
Swift.
Cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as,
cautionary signals.
2. Given as a pledge or as security.
He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary
towns out of his hands.
Bp. Burnet.
3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Cau"tion*er (?), n. 1.
One who cautions or advises.
2. (Scots Law) A surety or
sponsor.
Cau"tion*ry (?), n. (Scots
Law) Suretyship.
Cau"tious (?), a. [Cf. L.
cautus, fr. caver. See
Caution.] Attentive to examine probable
effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or
misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a
cautious general.
Cautious feeling for another's pain.
Byron.
Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue.
Watts.
Syn. -- Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect;
discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious;
careful. -- Cautious, Wary,
Circumspect. A man is cautious who realizes
the constant possibility of danger; one may be wary,
and yet bold and active; a man who is circumspect
habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and
deliberate. It is necessary to be cautious at all
times; to be wary in cases of extraordinary danger; to
be circumspect in matters of peculiar delicacy and
difficulty.
Cau"tious*ly, adv. In a cautious
manner.
Cau"tious*ness, n. The quality of being
cautious.
Cav"al*cade` (?), n. [F.
cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr.
cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL.
caballicare, fr. L. caballus an inferior
horse, Gr. Cavalier, Cavalry.]
A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous
march of horsemen by way of parade.
He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city.
Prescott.
{ Cav`a*le"ro, Cav`a*lie"ro (?),
} n. [Sp. caballero. See
Cavalier.] A cavalier; a gallant; a
libertine.
Shak.
Cav`a*lier" (?), n. [F.
cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL.
caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See
Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier,
Caballine.] 1. A military man
serving on horseback; a knight.
2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a
gallant.
3. One of the court party in the time of king
Charles L. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of
Parliament.
Clarendon.
4. (Fort.) A work of more that ordinary
heigh, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and
overlooking surrounding parts.
Cav`a*lier", a. Gay; easy; offhand;
frank.
The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and
the easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the other, from
a complete contrast.
Hazlitt.
2. High-spirited. [Obs.] \'bdThe
people are naturally not valiant, and not much
cavalier.\'b8
Suckling.
3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt;
brusque.
4. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles
I. \'bdAn old Cavalier family.\'b8
Beaconsfleld.
Cav`a*lier"ish (?), a. Somewhat
like a cavalier.
Cav`a*lier"ism (?), n. The
practice or principles of cavaliers.
Sir. W. Scott.
Cav`a*lier"ly, adv. In a supercilious,
disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.
Junius.
Cav`a*lier"ness, n. A disdanful
manner.
Ca*val"ly (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
cavalla a kind of fish; Sp. caballa; prob.
fr. Pg. cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.]
(Zo\'94l.) A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast
(Caranx hippos): -- called also horse
crevall\'82. [See Illust. under
Carangoid.]
Cav"al*ry (?), n. [F.
cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See
Cavalier, and cf. chivalry.]
(Mil.) That part of military force which serves
on horseback.
Heavy cavalry and light
cavalry are so distinguished by the character of their
armament, and by the size of the men and horses.
Cav"al*ry*man (?), n.; pl.
Cavalrymen (. One of a body of
cavalry.
\'d8Ca`va*ti"na (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) Originally, a melody of
simpler form than the aria; a song without a second
part and a da capo; -- a term now variously and
vaguely used.
Cave (?), n. [F.
cave, L. cavus hollow, whence
cavea cavity. Cf. Cage.] 1.
A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a
subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.
2. Any hollow place, or part; a cavity.
[Obs.] \'bdThe cave of the ear.\'b8
Bacon.
Cave bear (Zo\'94l.), a very large
fossil bear (Ursus spel\'91us) similar to the grizzly
bear, but large; common in European caves. -- Cave
dweller, a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling
place was a cave. Tylor. -- Cave hyena
(Zo\'94l.), a fossil hyena found abundanty in
British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the
living African spotted hyena. -- Cave lion
(Zo\'94l.), a fossil lion found in the caves of
Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African lion.
-- Bone cave. See under Bone.
Cave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Caved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caving.] [Cf. F. caver. See
Cave, n.] To make hollow; to scoop
out. [Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke.
Spenser.
Cave, v. i. 1. To dwell in a
cave. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. [See To cave in, below.]
To fall in or down; as, the sand bank
caved. Hence (Slang), to retreat from
a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter.
To cave in. [Flem. inkalven.]
(a) To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the
side of a well or pit. (b) To submit; to yield.
[Slang]
H. Kingsley.
\'d8Ca"ve*at (?), n. [L.
caved let him beware, pres. subj. of cavere
to be on one's guard to, beware.]
1. (Law) A notice given by an interested
party to some officer not to do a certain act until the party is
heard in opposition; as, a caveat entered in a
probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out of
letters of administration, etc.
Bouvier.
2. (U. S. Patent Laws) A description of
some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in the patent
office before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a
bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person,
respecting the same invention.
caveat is operative for one year only,
but may be renewed.
3. Intimation of caution; warning; protest.
We think it right to enter our caveat against a
conclusion.
Jeffrey.
Caveat emptor [L.] (Law),
let the purchaser beware, i. e., let him examine the
article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.
Ca"ve*a`ting (?), n.
(Fencing) Shifting the sword from one side of an
adversary's sword to the other.
Ca"ve*a`tor (?), n. One who
enters a caveat.
Cav"en*dish (?), n. Leaf
tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or
cakes.
Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long shreds
for smoking.
Cav"ern (?), n. [L.
caverna, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F.
caverne.] A large, deep, hollow place in
the earth; a large cave.
Cav"erned (?), a. 1.
Containing caverns.
The wolves yelled on the caverned hill.
Byron.
2. Living in a cavern.
\'bdCaverned hermit.\'b8
Pope.
Cav"ern*ous (?), a. [L.
cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.]
1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large
cavity; hollow.
2. Filled with small cavities or cells.
3. Having a sound caused by a cavity.
Cavernous body, a body of erectile tissue with
large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the
penis or clitoris. -- Cavernous respiration,
a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when
the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the
lungs.
Ca*ver"nu*lous (?), a.[L.
cavernula, dim. of caverna cavern.]
Full of little cavities; as, cavernulous
metal.
Black.
{ Cav"es*son (?), Cav"e*zon
(?), } n. [F.
cave\'87on, augm. fr. LL. capitium a head
covering hood, fr. L. caput head. Cf.
Caberzon.] (Man.) A kind of
noseband used in breaking and training horses.
[Written also caveson,
causson.]
White.
\'d8Ca*vet"to (?), n. [It.
cavetto, fr. cavo hollow, L.
cavus.] (Arch.) A concave
molding; -- used chiefly in classical architecture. See
Illust. of Calumn.
{ Ca*viare" (?), Cav"i*ar
(?), } n. [F. caviar,
fr. It. caviale, fr. Turk.
Hav\'c6\'ber.] The roes of the sturgeon,
prepared and salted; -- used as a relish, esp. in Russia.
Caviare was considered a delicacy, by
some, in Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence
Hamlet says of a certain play. \'bd'T was caviare to
the general,\'b8 i. e., above the taste of the common
people.
<-- p. 230 -->
Cav"i*corn (?), a. [L.
cavus hollow + cornu horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having hollow horns.
\'d8Cav`i*cor"ni*a (?), n.;
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony
process of the front, as the ox.
Cav"il (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Caviled Cavilled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caviling Cavilling.] [L.
cavillari to practice jesting, to censure, fr.
cavilla bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF.
caviller.] To raise captious and frivolous
objections; to find fault without good reason.
You do not well in obstinacy
To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.
Cav"il, v. t. To cavil at.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cav"il, n. A captious or frivolous
objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and unbelief.
Shak.
{ Cav"il Cav"il*er (?),
} n. One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the Scriptures.
Boyle.
Cav"il*ing, a. Disposed to cavil;
finding fault without good reason. See Captious.
His depreciatory and caviling criticism.
Lewis.
Cav"il*ing*ly, adb. In a caviling
manner.
Cav`il*la"tion (?), n.[F.
cavillation, L. cavillatio.]
Frivolous or sophistical objection.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
{ Cav"il*ous Cav"il*lous
(?), } a. [L.
cavillosus.] Characterized by caviling, or
disposed to cavil; quibbing. [R.]
-- Cav"il*ous*ly, adv.
[R.] -- Cav"il*ous*ness, n.
[R.]
Cav"in (?), n. [F. See
Cave.] (Mil.) A hollow way,
adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a
place.
Farrow.
Cav"i*ta*ry (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Containing a body cavity; as, the
cavitary or nematoid worms.
Cav"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Cavities (#). [L. cavus
hollow: cf. F. cavit\'82.] 1.
Hollowness. [Obs.]
The cavity or hollowness of the place.
Goodwin.
2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the abdominal
cavity.
An instrument with a small cavity, like a small
spoon
.
Arbuthot.
Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the
lungs, which are designated cavities or vomic\'91.
Quain.
Body cavity, the c\'d2lum. See under
Body.
Ca"vo-re*lie"vo (?), n.
Cavo-rilievo.
\'d8Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo (?), n.
[It.] (Sculp.) Hollow relief;
sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no
part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.
Ca*vort" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cavorted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cavorting.] To
prance ostentatiously; -- said of a horse or his rider.
[Local slang U. S.]
Ca"vy (?), n.; pl.
Cavies (. [NL. cavia, fr.
Brazilian cabiai: cf. F. cabiai.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genera
cavia and Dolichotis, as the guinea pig
(Cavia cabaya). Cavies are natives of South
America.
Water cavy (Zo\'94l.), The
capybara.
Caw (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Cawed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cawing.] [Imitative. \'fb22
Cf. Chough.] To cry like a crow, rook, or
raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report.
Shak.
Caw, n. The cry made by the crow, rook,
or raven.
Cawk (?), n. [Prov. E.
cauk limestone. A doublet of chalk.]
(Min.) An opaque, compact variety of barite, or
heavy spar. [Also written cauk.]
Cawk"er (?), n. See
Calker.
Cawk"y, a. Of or pertaining to cawk;
like cawk.
Cax"on (?), n. A kind of
wig. [Obs.]
Lamb.
Cax"ton (?), n.
(Bibliog.) Any book printed by William
Caxton, the first English printer.
Hansard.
Cay (?), n. See Key, a
ledge.
Cay*enne (?), n. [From
Cayenne, a town and island in French Guiana, South
America.] Cayenne pepper.
Cayenne pepper. (a) (Bot.)
A species of capsicum (C. frutescens)
with small and intensely pungent fruit. (b) A
very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or
seeds of several species of the genus Capsicum, esp.
C. annuum and C. Frutescens; -- Called also
red pepper. It is used chiefly as a
condiment.
Cay"man (?), n. [From the
language of Guiana: cf. Sp. caiman.]
(Zo\'94l.) The south America alligator. See
Alligator. [Sometimes written
caiman.]
Ca*yu"gas (?), n. pl.;
sing Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of
Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the
confederacy called the Five Nations.
Cay*use" (?), n. An Indian
pony. [Northw. U. S.]
{ Ca*zique", Cazic" } (?),
n. [Sp. Cacique, fr. the language of
Hayti.] A chief or petty king among some tribes of
Indians in America.
Cease (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ceased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ceasing.]
[OE. cessen, cesen, F.
cesser, fr. L. cessare, v. intemsive fr.
cedere to withdraw. See Cede , and cf.
Cessation.] 1. To come to an end; to
stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise
ceased \'bdTo cease from strife.\'b8
Prov. xx. 3.
2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away.
The poor shall never cease out of the land.
Deut. xv. 11.
Syn. -- To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit;
discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.
Cease, v. t. To put a stop to; to bring
to an end.
But he, her fears to cease
Sent down the meek-eyed peace.
Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage.
Milton
Cease, n. Extinction.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cease"less, a. Without pause or end;
incessant.
Cease"less, adv. Without intermission or
end.
\'d8Cec`i*do*my"i*a (?), n.
[Nl., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of small dipterous files,
including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See
Hessian fly.
Ce"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F.
c\'82cit\'82.] Blindness.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ce*cu"tien*cy (?), n. [L.
caecutire to be blind, fr. caecus
blind.] Partial blindness, or a tendency to
blindness. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ce"dar (?), n. [AS.
ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr.
(Bot.) The name of several evergreen trees. The
wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.
Cedrus
Libani; the white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is
now called Cham\'d2cyparis sph\'91roidea; American red
cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the
West Indian Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with
odoriferous wood are locally called cedar.
Cedar bird (Zo\'94l.), a species of
chatterer (Ampelis cedrarum), so named from its
frequenting cedar trees; -- called also cherry
bird, Canada robin, and
American waxwing.
Ce"dar, a. Of or pertaining to
cedar.
Ce"dared (?), a. Covered, or
furnished with, cedars.
Ce"darn (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]
Cede (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ceded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Ceding.] [L.
cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to cadere
to fall, and to E. chance; cf. F.
c\'82der.] To yield or surrender; to give
up; to resign; as, to cede a fortress, a province,
or country, to another nation, by treaty.
The people must cede to the government some of
their natural rights.
Jay.
Ce*dil"la (?), n. [Sp.
cedilla, cf. F. c\'82dille; dim. of
zeta, the Gr. name of the letter z, because
this letter was formerly written after the c, to give
it the sound of s.] A mark placed under the
letter c [thus, \'87], to show that it is to be
sounded like s, as in fa\'87ade.
Ce"drat (?), n. [Cf. F.
c\'82drat. See Cedar.]
(Bot.) Properly the citron, a variety of
Citrus medica, with large fruits, not acid, and having
a high perfume.
Ce"drene (?), n. (Chem.)
A rich aromatic oil, C15H24, extracted from
oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any
one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of
cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the
type. [Written also cedren.]
Ce"drine (?), a. [L.
cedrinus, Gr. Cedar.] Of
or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.
Ce"dri*ret (?), n. Same as
C\'d2rulignone.
Ce"dry (?), a. Of the nature of
cedar. [R.]
Ced"ule (?), n. [F.
c\'82dule, fr. L. shedula. See
Shedule.] A scroll; a writing; a
schedule. [Obs.]
Ced"u*ous (?), a. [L.
caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.]
Fit to be felled. [Obs.]
Eyelyn.
Ceil (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ceiled (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling.]
[From an older noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy,
fr. L. carlum heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr.
1. To overlay or cover the inner
side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; as, to ceil a
room.
The greater house he ceiled with fir tree.
2 Chron. iii. 5
2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with
plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.
Ceil"ing, n. [See Cell, v.
t.] 1. (Arch.) (a)
The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the
floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor.
(b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other
surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when
done.
2. (Naut.) The inner planking of a
vessel.
Camp ceiling. See under Camp. --
Ceiling boards, Thin narrow boards used to ceil
with.
Ceint (?), n. [See
Cincture.] A girdle.
[Obs.]
Cel"a*don (?), n. [F.]
A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of
this tint.
Cal"an*dine (?), n. [OE.
celidoine, OF. celidoine, F.
ch\'82lidoine, fr. L. chelidonia (sc.
herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the
swallow, Gr. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.) A
perennial herbaceous plant (Chelidonium majus) of the
poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in
jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to
cure warts and the itch; -- called also greater
celandine and swallowwort.
Lasser celandine, the pilewort
(Ranunculus Ficaria).
Cel"a*ture (?), n. [L.
caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave in
relief.] 1. The act or art of engraving or
embossing.
2. That which is engraved.
[Obs.]
Hakewill.
Cel"e*brant (?), n. [L.
celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare. See
Celebrate.] One who performs a public
religious rite; -- applied particularly to an officiating priest
in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his
assistants.
Cel"e*brate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celebrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Celebrating.] [L.
celebratus, p. p. of celebrare to frequent,
to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.] 1.
To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to
celebrate the name of the Most High.
2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy
and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe
duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a
birthday.
Fron even unto shall ye celebrate your Sabbath.
Lev. xxiii. 32.
3. To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or
solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites;
as, to celebrate a marriage.
Syn. -- To commemorate; distinguish; honor. --
To Celebrate, Commemorate. We
commemorate events which we desire to keep in
remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as,
to commemorate the death of our Savior. We
celebrate by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by
appropriate ceremonies; as, to celebrate the birthday
of our Independence.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution as
surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences.
Atterbury.
Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee,
Exult to celebrate thy festival.
Thomson.
Cel"e*bra`ted (?), a. Having
celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his manners.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned;
illustrious. See Distinguished.
Cel`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L.
celebratio.] The act, process, or time of
celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular celebration.
Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering
Mass
Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their marriage.
Sir P. Sidney.
Cel"e*bra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who celebrates; a praiser.
Boyle.
Ce*le"bri*ous (?), a.
Famous. [Obs.]
Speed.
Ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n.; pl.
Celebriries (#). [L.
celebritas: cf. F.
c\'82l\'82brit\'82.] 1.
Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.]
The celebrity of the marriage.
Bacon.
2. The state or condition of being celebrated;
fame; renown; as, the celebrity of
Washington.
An event of great celebrity in the history of
astronomy.
Whewell.
3. A person of distinction or renown; -- usually in
the plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of the
place.
Ce*le"ri*ac (?), n.
(Bot.) Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery
with a large globular root, which is used for food.
Ce*ler"i*ty (?), n. [L.
celeritas, from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F.
c\'82l\'82rit\'82.] Rapidity of motion;
quickness; swiftness.
Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him
whose whole employment is to watch its flight.
Johnson.
Cel"er*y (?), n. [F.
c\'82leri, cf. Prov. It. seleno,
seler; fr. Gr. celery. Cf. Parsley.]
(Bot.) A plant of the Parsley family (Apium
graveolens), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a
salad.
Ce*les"tial (?), a. [OF.
celestial, celestied, fr. L.
caelestic, fr. caelum heaved. See
Cell.] 1. Belonging to the a\'89rial
regions, or visible heavens. \'bdThe twelve
celestial signs.\'b8
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven;
heavenly; divine. \'bdCelestial spirits.\'b8
\'bdCelestial light,\'b8
Milton.
Celestial city, heaven; the heavenly
Jerusalem. Bunyan. -- Celestial empire,
China; -- so called from the Chinese words, tien
chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by
the dynasty appoined by heaven.
S. W. Williams.
Ce*les"tial, n. 1. An
inhabitant of heaven.
Pope.
2. A native of China.
Ce*les"tial*ize (?), v. t. To
make celestial. [R.]
Ce*les"tial*ly, adv. In a celestial
manner.
Ce*les"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L.
caelestis heavenly + -fly.] To
make like heaven. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Cel"es*tine (?), Cel"es*tite
(?), }, n. [LL.
caelestinus bine.] (Min.) Native
strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional
delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact
massive and fibrous forms.
{ Cel"es*tine (?),
Cel`es*tin"i*an (?), } n.
(Eccl. Hist.) A monk of the austere branch of the
Franciscan Order founded by Celestine V. in the 13th
centry.
Ce"li*ac (?), a. (Anat.)
See C\'d2llac.
Ce*lib"a*cy (?), n. [See
Celibate, n.] The state of being
unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound
by vows not to marry. \'bdThe celibacy of the
clergy.\'b8
Hallom.
Cel"i*bate (?), n. [L.
aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried,
single.] 1. Celibate state; celibacy.
[Obs.]
He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate
of marrige.
Jer. Taylor.
2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one
bound by vows not to marry.
Cel"i*bate, a. Unmarried; single;
as, a celibate state.
Ce*lib"a*tist (?), n. One who
lives unmarried. [R.]
Cel`i*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy: cf. F.
c\'82lidographie.] A description of
apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.
Cell (?), n. [OF.
celle, fr. L. cella; akin to
celare to hide, and E. hell,
helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]
1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison
or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit.
The heroic confessor in his cell.
Macaulay.
2. A small religious house attached to a monastery
or convent. \'bdCells or dependent priories.\'b8
Milman.
3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.
4. (Arch.) (a) The space
between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same
as Cella.
5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a
division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of
a battery.
6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary
structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and
organs of animals and plants are composed.
unicelluter orgamisms. A
typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more
or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus
which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole
being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some
cells, as in those of blood, in the am\'d2ba, and in embryonic
cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell
wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is
wholly wanting. See Illust. of
Bipolar.
Air cell. See Air cell. --
Cell development (called also cell
genesis, cell formation, and
cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by
a process of reproduction under the following common forms;
segmentation or fission, gemmation
or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous
multiplication. See Segmentation,
Gemmation, etc. -- Cell theory.
(Biol.) See Cellular theory, under
Cellular.
Cell (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Celled
(?).] To place or inclosed in a
cell. \'bdCelled under ground.\'b8
[R.]
Warner.
\'d8Cel"la (?), n. [L.]
(Arch.) The part inclosed within the walls of an
ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.
Cel"lar (?), n. [OE.
celer, OF. celier, F. celier,
fr. L. cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr.
cella storeroom. See Cell.] A room
or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the
ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.
Cel"lar*age (?), n. 1.
The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar.
Sir W. Scott.
You hear this fellow in the cellarage.
Shak.
2. Chare for storage in a cellar.
Cel"lar*er (?), n. [LL.
cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius
steward: cf. F. cell\'82rier. See
Cellar.] (Eccl.) A steward or
butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring
and keeping the provisions.
Cel`lar*et" (?), n. [Dim of
cellar.] A receptacle, as in a dining room,
for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest
or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined
with metal.
Cel"lar*ist (?), n. Same as
Cellarer.
Celled (?), a. Containing a
cell or cells.
Cel"le*pore (?), n. [L.
cella cell + porus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of delicate
branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the
Bryozoa.
Cel*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Cell + -ferous.] Bearing
or producing cells.
\'d8Cel"lo (?), n.; pl. E.
Cellos (, It. Celli
(. A contraction for
Violoncello.
Cel"lu*lar (?), a. [L.
cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire.
See Cellule.] Consisting of, or containing,
cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells.
Cellular plants, Cellular
cryptogams (Bot.), those flowerless
plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses,
fungi, lichens, and alg\'91. -- Cellular
theory, Cell theory
(Biol.), a theory, according to which the
essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is
a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the
development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted
into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to
be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each
other. -- Cellular tissue. (a)
(Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under
Conjunctive. (b) (Bot.) Tissue
composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or
ducts.
<-- cellular telephone, a portable
radio-telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic
signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so
arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such
telephones over a certain geographical area. The area within
which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is
called its "cell. -->
Cel"lu*la`ted (?), a.
Cellular.
Caldwell.
Cel"lule (?), n. [L.
cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella:
cf. F. cellule. See Cell.] A small
cell.
Cel`lu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
cellula + -ferous.] Bearing or
producing little cells.
\'d8Cel`lu*li"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. cellula + -itis.] An
inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that
lying immediately beneath the skin.
Cel"lu*loid` (?), n.
[Cellulose + -oid.] A
substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and
when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously
colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc.
It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles,
as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originaly called
xylonite.
Cel"lu*lose` (?), a. Consisting
of, or containing, cells.
Cel"lu*lose`, n. (Chem.) The
substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid
framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is
also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the
tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n,
isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars
by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white
amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose,
Lignin.
Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure
cellulose.
Goodale.
Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which
remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by
saliva or pepsin.
Goodale.
Ce*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The act or
operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated
hernia. [Frequently written
kelotomy.]
Cel"si*ture (?), n. [L.
celstudo, from celsus high: cf.
celsitude.] Height; altitude.
[Obs.]
Cel"si*us (?), n. The Celsius
thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish
astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the
centigrade thermometer or scale.
Celt (?), n. [L.
Celtae, Gr. Celtiad
one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt,
fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to
hide.] One of an ancient race of people, who formerly
inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose
descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the
Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France.
[Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced
hard in Celtic languages.]
Celt, n. [LL. celts a
chisel.] (Arch\'91ol.) A weapon or
implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of
the early Celtic nations.
Celt`i*be"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Celtiber, Celtibericus.] Of or
pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying
between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi
(Celts of the river Iberus). -- n. An
inhabitant of Celtiberia.
Celt"ic (?), a. [L.
Celticus, Gr. Celt.] Of
or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people,
tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also
Keltic.]
Celt"ic, n. The language of the
Celts.
Celt"i*cism (?), n. A custom of
the Celts, or an idiom of their language.
Warton.
Celt"i*cize` (?), v. t. To
render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.
\'d8Cem"ba*lo (?), n. [It. See
Cymbal.] An old mname for the
harpsichord.
Ce*ment" (?), n. [OF.
cement, ciment, F. ciment, fr.
L. caementum a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of
marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr.
caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin
to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v.
t.] 1. Any substance used for making bodies
adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.
2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined
mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden
under water.
3. The powder used in cementation. See
Cementation, n.., 2.
4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as
persons in friendship, or men in society. \'bdThe
cement of our love.\'b8
5. (Anat.) The layer of bone investing
the root and neck of a tooth; -- called also
cementum.
Hydraulic cement. See under
Hydraulic.
Ce*ment" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cemented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cementing.] [Cf. F.
cimenter. See Cement, n.]
1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a
cement.
Bp. Burnet.
2. To unite firmly or closely.
Shak.
3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to
cement a cellar bottom.
Ce*ment", v. i. To become cemented or
firmly united; to cohere.
S. Sharp.
Ce*ment"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental
tubes.
R. Owen.
Cem`en*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
The act or process of cementing.
2. (Chem.) A process which consists in
surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and
heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the
physical properties of the body being changed by chemical
combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation
with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation
with sand.
Ce*ment"a*to*ry (?), a. Having
the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.
Ce*ment"er (?), n. A person or
thing that cements.
Cem`en*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
caementitius pertaining to quarry stones. See
Cement, n. ] Of the nature of
cement. [R.]
Forsyth.
Cem`e*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cemetery. \'bdCemeterial
cells.\'b8 [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cem"e*ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Cemeteries (. [L.
cemeterium, Gr. A place or ground set apart
for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a
necropolis.
Ce*nan"thy (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The absence
or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a
flower.
Ce*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cenatio.] Meal-taking; dining or
supping. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cen"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr.
cena, coena, dinner, supper.] Of
or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a
cenatory garment.
Sir T. Browne.
Cen"o*bite (?), n. [L.
coenobita, fr. Gr. c\'82nobite.] One of a religious order,
dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an
anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude.
Gibbon.
{ Cen`o*bit"ic (?),
Cen`o*bit"ic*al (?) } a.
[Cf. F. c\'82nobitique.] Of or
pertaining to a cenobite.
Cen"o*bi*tism (?), n. The state
of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite.
Milman.
Ce*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. The state of a communty which
permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in
certain societies practicing communism.
Cen"o*taph (?), n. [Gr. c\'82notaphe.] An empty tomb or a monument
erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere.
Dryden.
A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey.
Macaulay.
Cen"o*taph`y (?), n. A
cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy.
Macaulay.
Ce`no*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Belonging to
the most recent division of geological time, including the
tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man.
[Written also c\'91nozoic,
cainozoic, kainozoic.] See
Geology.
Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being
included.
Cense (?), n. [OF.
cense, F. cens, L. census. See
Census.] 1. A census; -- also, a
public rate or tax. [Obs.]
Howell. Bacon.
2. Condition; rank. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cense, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Censed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Censing.] [Abbrev. from
incense.] To perfume with odors from
burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars round.
Dryden.
Cense, v. i. To burn or scatter
incense.
Cen"ser (?), n. [For
incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F.
encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium,
incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See
Incense, and cf. Incensory.] A
vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.
Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense
Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
Spenser.
Cen"sor (?), n. [L.
censor, fr. censere to value, tax.]
1. (Antiq.) One of two magistrates of
Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens,
and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and
conduct.
2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts
before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their
publication if they contain anything obnoxious; -- an official in
some European countries.
3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer.
Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude,
escape blame from censors who have no inclination to
approve.
Rambler.
4. A critic; a reviewer.
Received with caution by the censors of the
press.
W. Irving.
Cen*so"ri*al (?), a. 1.
Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public
morals.
Junius.
2. Full of censure; censorious.
The censorial declamation of Juvenal.
T. Warton.
Cen*so"ri*an (?), a.
Censorial. [R.]
Bacon.
Cen*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
censorius pertaining to the censor. See
Censor.] 1. Addicted to censure; apt
to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on
their writings or manners.
A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious
of his neighbors.
Watts.
2. Implying or expressing censure; as,
censorious remarks.
Syn. -- Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe;
condemnatory; hypercritical.
-- Cen*so"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Cen*so"ri*ous*ness, n.
Cen"sor*ship (?), n. The office
or power of a censor; as, to stand for a
censorship.
Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a general
censorship.
Macaulay.
Cen"su*al (?), a. [L.
censualis, fr. census.] Relating
to, or containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a
censual roll.
Sir R. Baker.
Cen"sur*a*ble (?), a. Deserving
of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as, a
censurable person, or censurable
conduct.
-- Cen"sur*a*bleness, n. --
Cen"sur*a*bly, adv.
Cen"sure (?), n. [L.
censura fr. censere: cf. F.
censure. Cf. Censor.] 1.
Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.
[Obs.]
Take each man's censure, but reserve thy
judgment.
Shak.
2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and
condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame.
Both the censure and the praise were merited.
Macaulay.
3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or
reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
Excommunication or other censure of the church.
Bp. Burnet.
Syn. -- Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation;
disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion;
reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.
Cen"sure, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Censured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Censuring.] [Cf. F.
ensurer.] 1. To form or express a
judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
[Obs.] \'bdShould I say more, you might well
censure me a flatterer.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to
blame; to express disapprobation of.
I may be censured that nature thus gives way to
loyalty.
Shak.
3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or
ecclesiastical sentence.
Shak.
Syn. -- To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend;
reprimand.
Cen"sure, v. i. To judge.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cen"sur*er (?), n. One who
censures.
Sha.
Cen"sus (?), n. [L.
census, fr. censere. See
Censor.] 1. (Bot. Antiq.)
A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate,
for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; -- usually made once in
five years.
2. An official registration of the number of the
people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics
of a country.
Cent (?), n. [F. cent
hundred, L. centum. See Hundred.]
1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the
proportion of ten parts in a hundred.
2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a
dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and
zinc.
3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like
piquet; -- so called because 100 points won the game.
Nares.
Cent"age (?), n. Rate by the
hundred; percentage.
Cen"tal (?), n. [L.
centum a hundred.] A weight of one hundred
pounds avoirdupois; -- called in many parts of the United States
a Hundredweight.
Cen"tal, n. Relating to a hundred.
Cental system, the method of buying and
selling by the cental, or hundredweight.
Cen"tare` (?), n. [F.
centiare; centi- (L. centum) +
-are.] A measure of area, the hundredth
part of an are; one square meter, or about 1
Cen"taur (?), n. [L.
centaurus, Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous being,
represented as half man and half horse.
2. (Astron.) A constellation in the
southern heavens between Hydra and the Southern Cross.
\'d8Cen`tau*re"a (?), n. [NL.
See Centaury.] (Bot.) A large
genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including
the cornflower or bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus) and
the star thistle (C. Calcitrapa).
Cen"tau*ry (?), n. [L.
centaureum and centauria, Gr. (Bot.) A
gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually
given to the Eryther\'91a Centaurium and the
Chlora perfoliata of Europe, but is also extended to
the whole genus Sabbatia, and even to the unrelated
Centaurea.
Cen`te*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or
relating to a hundred years. -- n. A
person a hundred years old.
Cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L.
centenarius, fr. centum a hundred.]
1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.
2. Occurring once in every hundred years;
centennial. \'bdCentenary solemnities.\'b8
Fuller.
Cen"te*na*ry, n.; pl.
Centenaries (. 1. The
aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a
century. \'bdEvery centenary of years.\'b8
Hakewill.
2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which
occurred a hudred years before.
Cen*ten"ni*al (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + annus year.]
1. Relating to, or associated with, the
commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before;
as, a centennial ode.
2. Happening once in a hundred years; as,
centennial jubilee; a centennial
celebration.
3. Lasting or aged a hundred years.
Thet opened through long lines
Of sacred ilex and centennial pines.
Longfellow.
Cen*ten"ni*al, n. The celebration of the
hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary. [U.
S.]
Cen*ten"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in a hundred
years.
Cen"ter (?), n. [F.
centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which a
circle is described, fr. 1.
A point equally distant from the extremities of a line,
figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a
circle; the middle point or place.
2. The middle or central portion of anything.
3. A principal or important point of concentration;
the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they
tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a
center of attaction.
4. The earth. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in
France) who support the existing government. They sit in the
middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding
officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the
right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans
who occupy the seats on his left, See Right, and
Left.
6. (Arch.) A temporary structure upon
which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position
util the work becomes self-supporting.
7. (Mech.) (a) One of the two
conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is
held, and about which it revolves. (b) A
conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other
work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can
turn, as in a lathe.
live center is in the
spindle of the head stock; the dead center is on the
tail stock. Planer centers are stocks carrying
centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its
axis.
Center of an army, the body or troops
ossupying the place in the line between the wings. --
Center of a curve surface
(Geom.) (a) A point such that every line
drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is
bisected at the point. (b) The fixed point of
reference in polar co\'94rdinates. See
Co\'94rdinates. -- Center of curvature of a
curve (Geom.), the center of that circle
which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the
curve than has any other circle whatever. See
Circle. -- Center of a fleet, the
division or column between the van and rear, or between the
weather division and the lee. -- Center of
gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about
which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported,
the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by
gravity. -- Center of gyration
(Mech.), that point in a rotating body at which
the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without
altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular
acceleration or retardaton. -- Center of inertia
(Mech.), the center of gravity of a body or system
of bodies. -- Center of motion, the point
which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move
round it. -- Center of oscillation, the point
at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected,
the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual
form and state of the body. -- Center of
percussion, that point in a body moving about a fixed
axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a
shock to the axis. -- Center of pressure
(Hydros.), that point in a surface pressed by a
fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in
the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance
or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.
{ Cen"ter, Cen"tre } v.
i. [imp. & p. p. Centered or
Centred (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Centering or Centring.] 1.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
2. To be collected to a point; to be concentrated;
to rest on, or gather about, as a center.
Where there is no visible truth wherein to center,
error is as wide as men's fancies.
Dr. H. More.
Our hopes must center in ourselves alone.
Dryden.
{ Cen"ter , Cen"tre } (?),
v. t. 1. To place or fix in the center
or on a central point.
Milton.
2. To collect to a point; to concentrate.
Thy joys are centered all in me alome.
Prior.
3. (Mech.) To form a recess or
indentation for the reception of a center.
{ Cen"ter*bit`, Cen"tre*bit`, }
n. An instrument turning on a center, for boring
holes. See Bit, n., 3.
{ Cen"ter*board`, Cen"tre*board, }
(?), n. (Naut.) A movable or
sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal
which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in
shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral
resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to
windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of
the United States
Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge. See under
Cartridge.
Cen"ter*ing, n. (Arch.) Same
as Center, n., 6. [Written also
centring.]
{ Cen"ter*piece`, Cen"tre*piece` }
(?), n. An ornament to be placed in the
center, as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or
figure.
Cen*tes"i*mal (?), a. [L.
centesimus the hundredth, fr. centum a
hundred: cf. F. cent\'82simal.]
Hundredth. -- n. A hundredth
part.
The neglect of a few centesimals.
Arbuthnot.
Cen*tes`i*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
centesimore to take out or select every hudredth, fr.
centesimus hundredth.] (Mil.)
The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every
hundred, as in cases of mutiny.
<-- "centesm" out of order in original -- some error. =
centesim?-->
Cen"tesm (?), n. [L.
centesima.] Hundredth.
Cen*tes"i*mo (?), n.; pl.
-mi (#). [It. & Sp.] A
copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.
Cen"ti*are` (?), n. [F. See
Centare.] See centare.
Cen`ti*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L.
centiceps, -cipitis; centum a
hunder + caput head.] Hundred-headed.
Cen*tif"i*dous (?), a. [L.
centifidus; centum + findere to
split.] Divided into a hundred parts.
Cen`ti*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L.
centifolius; centum + folium leaf.]
Having a hundred leaves.
Cen"ti*grade (?), a. [L.
centum a hundred + gradus degree: cf. F.
centigrade.] Consisting of a hundred
degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts.
Spesifically: of or pertaining the centigrade thermometer;
as, 10\'f8 centigrade (or 10\'f8
C.).
Centigrade thermometer, a thermometer having
the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state of
water, and the distance between that and the point indicating the
boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It is
called also the Celsius thermometer, from
Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.
{ Cen"ti*gram (?), Cen"ti*gramme
(?), } n. [F.
centigramme; centi- (L. centum)
+ gramme. See Gram.] The
hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain.
See Gram.
{ Cen"ti*li`ter, Cen"ti*li`tre }
(?), n. [F. centilitre;
centi (L. centum) + litre. See
Liter.] The hundredth part of a liter; a
measure of volume or capacity equal to a little more than six
tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid
ounce.
Cen*til"o*quy (?), n. [L.
centum hundred + logui to speak.]
A work divided into a hundred parts. [R.]
Burton.
\'d8Cen`time" (?), n. [F., fr.
L. centesimus. See Centesimal.]
(F. Coinage) The hundredth part of a franc; a
small French copper coin and money of account.
{ Cen"ti*me`ter, Cen"ti*me`tre }
(?), n. [F. centim\'8atre;
centi- (L. centum) + m\'8atre.
See Meter.] The hundredth part of a meter; a
measure of length equal to rather more than thirty-nine
hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See Meter.
Cen"ti*nel (?), n.
Sentinel. [Obs.]
Sackville.
Cen*tin"o*dy (?), n. [L.
centum a hundred + nodus knot: cf. F.
centinode.] (Bot.) A weed with a
sterm of many joints (Illecebrum verticillatum); also,
the Polygonum aviculare or knotgrass.
Cen"ti*ped (?), n. [L.
centipeda; centum a hundred +
pes, pedis, foot: cf. F.
centip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) A
species of the Myriapoda; esp. the large, flattened,
venomous kinds of the order Chilopoda, found in tropical
climates. they are many-jointed, and have a great number of
feet. [Written also centipede
(
Cen"ti*stere (?), n. [F.
centist\'8are; centi- (l.
centum) + st\'8are.] The
hundredth part of a stere, equal to .353 cubic feet.
Cent"ner (?), n. [Cf. G.
centner a hundred-weight, fr. L.
centenarius of a hundred, fr. centum a
hundred.] 1. (Metal. & Assaying) A
weight divisible first into a hundred parts, and then into
smaller parts.
centner: the pound is divided into thirty-two parts,
or half ounces; the half ounce into two quarters; and each of
these into two drams. But the assayers use different weights.
With them a centner is one dram, to which the other
parts are proportioned.
2. The commercial hundredweight in several of the
continental countries, varying in different places from 100 to
about 112 pounds.
Cen"to (?), n.; pl.
Centos (#). [L. cento a
garment of several pieces sewed together, patchwork, a poem made
up of various verses of another poem.] A literary or a
musical composition formed by selections from different authors
disposed in a new order.
Cen"to*nism (?), n. The
composition of a cento; the act or practice of composing a cento
or centos.
Cen"tral (?), a. [L.
centralis, fr. centrum: cf. F.
central. See Center.] Relating to
the center; situated in or near the center or middle; containing
the center; of or pertaining to the parts near the center\'3c--
original had "or of.." --\'3e; equidistant or equally accessible
from certain points.
Central force (Math.), a force
acting upon a body towards or away from a fixed or movable
center. -- Center sun (Astron.), a
name given to a hypothetical body about which M\'84dler supposed
the solar system together with all the stars in the Milky Way, to
be revolving. A point near Alcyone in the Pleiades was supposed
to possess characteristics of the position of such a
body.
{ Cen"tral (?), \'d8Cen*tra"le
(?), } n. [NL.
centrale, fr. L. centralis.]
(Anat.) The central, or one of the central, bones
of the carpus or or tarsus. In the tarsus of man it is
represented by the navicular.
Cen"tral*ism (?), n. 1.
The state or condition of being central; the combination of
several parts into one whole; centralization.
2. The system by which power is centralized, as in
a government.
Cen*tral"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Centralities (. The state of
being central; tendency towards a center.
Meantime there is a great centrality, a
centripetence equal to the centrifugence.
R. W. Emerson.
Cen`tral*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. centralisation.] The act or process of
centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or
process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole;
as, the centralization of power in the general
government; the centralization of commerce in a
city.
Cen"tral*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centralized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Centralizing.] [Cf. F.
centraliser.] To draw or bring to a center
point; to gather into or about a center; to bring into one
system, or under one control.
[To] centralize the power of government.
Bancroft.
Cen"tral*ly, adv. In a central manner or
situation.
Cen"tre (?), n. & v. See
Center.
{ Cen"tric (?), Cen"tric*al
(?), } a. Placed in the center or
middle; central.
At York or some other centrical place.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Cen"tric*al*ly, adv. --
Cen"tric*al*ness, n.
Cen*tric"i*ty (?), n. The state
or quality of being centric; centricalness.
Cen*trif"u*gal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + fugere to flee.]
1. Tending, or causing, to recede from the
center.
2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first
at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster.
(b) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of
the fruit, as some embryos.
Centrifugal force (Mech.), a force
whose direction is from a center.
centrifugal force. The force which really acts on the
body being directed towards the center of the circle is called
centripetal force, and in some popular treatises the
centripetal and centrifugal forces are described as opposing and
balancing each other. But they are merely the different aspects
of the same stress.
Clerk Maxwell.
Centrifugal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (motor) sent from a nerve center
outwards to a muscle or muscles by which motion is
produced. -- Centrifugal machine, A machine
for expelling water or other fluids from moist substances, or for
separating liquids of different densities by centrifugal action;
a whirling table. -- Centrifugal pump, a
machine in which water or other fluid is lifted and discharged
through a pipe by the energy imparted by a wheel or blades
revolving in a fixed case. Some of the largest and most powerful
pumps are of this kind.
Cen*trif"u*gal, n. A centrifugal
machine.
Cen*trif"u*gence (?), n. The
property or quality of being centrifugal.
R. W. Emerson.
Cen"tring (?), n. See
Centring.
Cen*trip"e*tal (?), a. [L.
centrum center + peter to more
toward.] 1. Tending, or causing, to approach
the center.
2. (Bot.) (a) Expanding first at the
base of the inflorescence, and proceeding in order towards the
summit. (b) Having the radicle turned toward the axis of
the fruit, as some embryos.
3. Progressing by changes from the exterior of a
thing toward its center; as, the centripetal
calcification of a bone.
R. Owen.
Centripetal force (Mech.), a force
whose direction is towards a center, as in case of a planet
revolving round the sun, the center of the system, See
Centrifugal force, under Centrifugal.
-- Centripetal impression (Physiol.),
an impression (sensory) transmitted by an afferent nerve from
the exterior of the body inwards, to the central
organ.
Cen*trip"e*tence (?), n.
Centripetency.
Cen*trip"e*ten*cy (?), n.
Tendency toward the center.
Cen*tris"coid (?), a. [NL.
Centriscus (r. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Allied to, or
resembling, the genus Centriscus, of which the bellows
fish is an example.
Cen`tro*bar"ic (?), a. [Gr.
( Relating to the center of gravity, or to the
process of finding it.
Centrobaric method (Math.), a
process invented for the purpose of measuring the area or the
volume generated by the rotation of a line or surface about a
fixed axis, depending upon the principle that every figure formed
by the revolution of a line or surface about such an axis has for
measure the product of the line or surface by the length of the
path of its center of gravity; -- sometimes called
theorem of Pappus, also, incorrectly,
Guldinus's properties. See Barycentric
calculus, under Calculus.
<-- p. 233 -->
Cen"trode (?), n.
(Kinematics) In two figures having relative
motion, one of the two curves which are the loci of the
instantaneous center.
Cen"troid (?), n. [L.
centrum + -oid.] The center of
mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of bodies.
Cen`tro*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Gr.
(Biol.)
Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum,
segmentation being either regular or unequal.
Balfour.
Cen`tro*lin"e*ad (?), n. An
instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging
to a center.
Cen`tro*lin"e*al (?), a. [L.
centrum + linea line.]
Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to
meet in a point or center.
Cen"tro*some` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A peculiar
rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as
the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell
division is organized.
Cen`tro*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Physiol.) A
term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal
center.
Marshall Hall.
\'d8Cen"trum (?), n.; pl. E.
Centrums (#), L. Centra
(#). [L., center.] (Anat.)
The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See
Vertebra.
Cen"try (?), n. See
Sentry. [Obs.]
Gray.
\'d8Cen*tum"vir (?), n.; pl.
Centumviri (#). [L., fr.
centum hundred + Vir man.] (Rom.
Hist.) One of a court of about one hundred judges
chosen to try civil suits. Under the empire the court was
increased to 180, and met usually in four sections.
Cen*tum"vi*ral (?), a. [L.
centumvitalis.] Of or pertaining to the
centumviri, or to a centumvir.
Cen*tum"vi*rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
centumvirat.] The office of a centumvir, or
of the centumviri.
Cen"tu*ple (?), a. [L.
centuplex; centum + plicare to fold; cf. F.
centuple.] Hundredfold.
Cen"tu*ple, v. t. To increase a
hundredfold.
Cen*tu"pli*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Centuplicated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Centuplicating.]
[L. centuplicare. See Centuple,
a.] To make a hundredfold; to repeat a
hundred times. [R.]
Howell.
Cen*tu"ri*al (?), a. [L. See
Century.] Of or pertaining to a century;
as, a centurial sermon. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), a. [L.
centuriatus, p. p. of centuriare to divide
(men) into centuries.] Pertaining to, or divided into,
centuries or hundreds. [R.]
Holland.
Cen*tu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [See
century.] To divide into hundreds.
[Obs.]
{ Cen*tu"ri*a`tor (?),
Cen"tu*rist (?), } n.
[Cf. F. centuriateur.] An historian
who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those who wrote
the \'bdMagdeburg Centuries.\'b8 See under
Century. [R.]
Cen*tu"ri*on (?), n. [L.
centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F.
centurion. See Century.] (Rom.
Hist.) A military officer who commanded a minor
division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.
A centurion of the hand called the Italian
band.
Acts x. 1.
Cen"tu*ry (?), n.; pl.
Centuries (#). [L.
centuria (in senses 1 & 3), fr. centum a
hundred: cf. F. centurie. See Cent.]
1. A hundred; as, a century of
sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred things.
[Archaic.]
And on it said a century of prayers.
Shak.
2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event
took place over two centuries ago.
Century, in the reckoning of time,
although often used in a general way of any series of hundred
consecutive years (as, a century of temperance work),
usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of
a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from
which it is named; as, the first century (a.
d. 1-100 inclusive); the seventh century
(a.d. 601-700); the eighteenth
century (a.d. 1701-1800). With words or
phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is
used of similar division of those eras; as, the first
century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).
3. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A division
of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the
purpose of voting for civil officers. (b) One
of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided.
It was Commanded by a centurion.
Century plant (Bot.), the
Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once
in a century; -- hence the name. See Agave. --
The Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history
of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes,
compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at
Magdeburg.
Ce*pev"o*rous (?), a. [L.
cepa an onion + varare to devour.]
Feeding upon onions. [R.]
Sterling.
Ceph"a*lad (?), adv. [Gr. ad toward.] (Zo\'94l.)
Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the
body; opposed to caudad.
{ \'d8Ceph`a*lal"gi*a (?),
Ceph"a*lal`gy (?), } n.
[L. cephalalgia, Gr. c\'82phalalgie.] (Med.) Pain in
the head; headache.
Ceph`a*lal"gic (?), a. [L.
cephalalgicus, Gr. (Med.)
Relating to, or affected with, headache. --
n. A remedy for the headache.
\'d8Ceph`a*lan"thi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Same as Anthodium.
\'d8Ceph`a*las"pis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found
in the old red sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is
large, and protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged
behind into two lateral points.
\'d8Ceph`a*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; --
so called because the head is distinctly developed. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Ceph"a*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a head.
Ce*phal"ic (?), a. [L.
cephalicus, Gr. c\'82phalique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the head. See the Note under
Anterior.
Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio
of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as
the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index. --
Cephalic vein, a large vein running from the back
of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used
to open it for disorders of the head.
Dunglison.
Ce*pha"lic, n. A medicine for headache,
or other disorder in the head.
\'d8Ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)
Same as Phrenitis.
Ceph`a*li*za"tion (?), n.
Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the
physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in
or near the head, in animal development.
Dana.
Ceph"a*lo (?). [Gr.
A combining form denoting the head, of the
head, connected with the head; as,
cephalosome, cephalopod.
Ceph`a*lo*cer"cal (?), a.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Relating to the long axis of the
body.
Ceph"a*loid (?), a.
[Cephalo- + -oid.] Shaped
like the head.
Craing.
Ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -logy.] The
science which treats of the head.
Ceph"a*lo*mere (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -mere.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the somites (arthromeres) which
make up the head of arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph`a*lom"e*ter (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -meter.]
(Med.) An instrument measuring the dimensions of
the head of a fetus during delivery.
\'d8Ceph"a*lon (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The head.
\'d8Ceph`a*loph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The cephalata.
{ Ceph"a*lo*pod (?),
Ceph"a*lo*pode (?) }, n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cephalopoda.
\'d8Ceph"`a*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., gr. Gr. -poda: cf. F.
c\'82phalopode.] (Zo\'94l.) The
highest class of Mollusca.
Nautilus. See Octopus,
Squid, Nautilus.
{ Ceph`a*lo*pod"ic (?),
Ceph`a*lop"o*dous (?), } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the
cephalopods.
\'d8Ceph`a*lop"te*ra (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the generic names of the
gigantic ray (Manta birostris), known as
devilfish and sea devil. It is common on
the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther south. Some of
them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty feet of more across
the body, and weighing more than a ton.
Ceph"a*lo*some (?), n.
[Cephalo- + -some body.]
(Zo\'94l.) The anterior region or head of insects
and other arthropods.
Packard.
Ceph"a*lo*style (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Anat.) The anterior end of the notochord and its
bony sheath in the base of cartilaginous crania.
Ceph`a*lo*tho"rax (?), n.
[Cephalo- + thorax.]
(Zo\'94l.) The anterior portion of any one of the
Arachnida and higher Crustacea, consisting of the united head and
thorax.
Ceph"a*lo*tome (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr.
(Med.) An instrument for cutting into the fetal
head, to facilitate delivery.
Ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n. 1.
Dissection or opening of the head.
2. (Med.) Craniotomy; -- usually applied
to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.
Ceph"a*lo*tribe (?), n.
[Cephalo- + Gr. to rub, grind.] An
obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.
Ceph"a*lo*trip`sy (?), n. [See
Cephalotribe.] (Med.) The act or
operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to
effect delivery.
\'d8Ceph`a*lot"ro*cha (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of annelid larva with a circle
of cilia around the head.
Ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a head; -- applied
chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of mollusks.
Ce"pheus (?), n. (Astron.) A
northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the
Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the
fourth magnitude. See Cassiopeia.
Ce*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
cera wax.] Having the texture and color of
new wax; like wax; waxy.
Ce*ra"go (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] Beebread.
Ce*ram"ic (?), a. [Gr. Keramic.] Of or
pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware;
as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for
ceilings.
Ce*ram"ics (?), n. [See
Ceramic.] 1. The art of making
things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.
2. pl. Work formed of clay in whole or
in part, and baked; as, vases, urns, etc.
Knight.
Ce*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native silver
chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color,
darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife,
like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).
Cer"a*sin (?), n. (Chem.)
A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry
gum; -- called also meta-arabinic acid.
2. (Chem.) A gummy mucilaginous
substance; -- called also bassorin,
tragacanthin, etc.
Ce*ras"i*nous (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.
2. Of a cherry color.
\'d8Ce*ras"tes (?), n. [L., a
horned serpent, fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of poisonous African serpents,
with a horny scale over each eye; the horned viper.
Ce"rate (?), n. [L.
ceratum, ceratm, fr. cera wax.]
(Med.) An unctuous preparation for external
application, of a consistence intermediate between that of an
ointment and a plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth
without the use of heat, but does not melt when applied to the
skin.
Cerate consists essentially of wax (for
which resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with
oil, lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate
(formerly called simple cerate) of the United States
Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven
parts of lard.
Ce"ra*ted (?), p. a. [L.
ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax, fr.
cera wax.] Covered with wax.
Cer"a*tine (?), a. [Gr.
(Lagic.) Sophistical.
\'d8Cer`a*to*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. n. pl.,
gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back papilliform or
branched organs serving as gills.
Cer`a*to*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage,
below the epibranchial in a branchial arch. --
n. A ceratobranchial bone, or
cartilage.
\'d8Ce*rat"o*dus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known
as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have
been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well
developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In
Australia they are called salmon and
baramunda. See Dipnoi, and
Archipterygium.
Cer`a*to*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to
the bone, or carts, large, below the epihyal in the hyoid
arch. -- n. A ceratohyal bone, or
cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns of the
hyoid.
\'d8Cer`a*to*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) A carnivorous American Jurassic
dinosaur allied to the European Megalosaurus. The animal was
nearly twenty feet in length, and the skull bears a bony horn
core on the united nasal bones. See Illustration in
Appendix.
\'d8Cer`a*to*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges in which the
skeleton consists of horny fibers. It includes all the commercial
sponges.
Ce*rau"nics (?), n. [Gr. That branch of physics which
treats of heat and electricity.
R. Park.
Ce*rau"no*scope (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.] An
instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to
imitate thunder and lightning.
T. Moore.
<-- p. 234 -->
Cer*be"re*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or resembling, Cerberus. [Written
also Cerberian.]
With wide Cerberean mouth.
Milton.
Cer"be*rus (?), n. [L. Cerberus
(in sense 1), gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A monster, in the
shape, of a three-headed dog, guarding the entrance into the
infernal regions, Hence: Any vigilant custodian or guardian, esp.
if surly.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of East Indian
serpents, allied to the pythons; the bokadam.
Cer"cal (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
tail.
\'d8Cer*ca"ri*a (?), n.; pl.
Cercarle ( [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larval form of a
trematode worm having the shape of a tadpole, with its body
terminated by a tail-like appendage.
Cer*ca"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of, like, or pertaining to, the
Cercari\'91. -- n. One of the
Cercari\'91.
Cer"co*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the jointed antenniform appendage of the posterior somites of
cartain insects.
Packard.
\'d8Cer"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cerci (. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See
Cercopod.
Cere (?), n. [L.
cera wax: cf. F. cire.]
(Zo\'94l.) The soft naked sheath at the base of
the beak of birds of prey, parrots, and some other birds. See
Beak.
Cere, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cering.] [L. cerare, fr.
cera wax: cf. F. cirer.] To wax;
to cover or close with wax.
Wiseman.
Ce"re*al (?), a. [L.
Cerealis pert. to Ceres, and hence, to agriculture.
See Ceres.] Of or pertaining to the grasses
which are cultivated for their edible seeds (as wheat, maize,
rice, etc.), or to their seeds or grain.
Ce"re*al n. Any grass cultivated for its
edible grain, or the grain itself; -- usually in the
plural.
\'d8Ce`re*a"li*a (?), n. pl.
[L. See Cereal.]
1. (Antiq.) Public festivals in honor of
Ceres.
2. The cereals.
Crabb.
Ce"re*a*lin (?), n.
(Chem.) A nitrogenous substance closely
resembling diastase, obtained from bran, and possessing the power
of converting starch into dextrin, sugar, and lactic acid.
Watts.
Cer"e*bel, n. The cerebellum.
Derham.
{ Cer`e*bel"lar (?),
Cer`e*bel"lous (?), } a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the cerebellum.
Cer`e*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. E.
Cerebellums (, L. Cerebella
(. [L., dim. of cerebrum
brain.] (Anat.) The large lobe of the hind
brain in front of and above the medulla; the little brain. It
controls combined muscular action. See Brain.
Cer"e*bral (?), a. [L.
cerebrum brain; akin to Gr. c\'82r\'82bral. See Cheer.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cerebrum.
Cerebral apoplexy. See under
Apoplexy.
Cer"e*bral, n. [A false translation of
the Skr. m\'d4rdhanya, lit., head-sounds.]
One of a class of lingual consonants in the East Indian
languages. See Lingual, n.
linguals, and this is their usual designation in the
United States.
Cer"e*bral*ism (?), n.
(Philos.) The doctrine or theory that psychical
phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.
Cer"e*bral*ist, n. One who accepts
cerebralism.
Cer"e*brate (?), v. i.
(Physiol.) To exhibit mental activity; to have
the brain in action.
Cer`e*bra"tion (?), n. Action
of the brain, whether conscious or unconscious.
Cer"e*bric (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the brain.
Cerebric acid (Physiol. Chem.), a
name formerly sometimes given to cerebrin.
Cer`e*bric"i*ty (?), n. Brain
power. [R.]
Ce*reb"ri*form (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -form.] Like
the brain in form or substance.
Cer`e*brif"u*gal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. fugere to flee.]
(Physiol.) Applied to those nerve fibers which go
from the brain to the spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral
impulses (centrifugal impressions) outwards.
Cer"e*brin (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
nonphosphorized, nitrogenous substance, obtained from brain and
nerve tissue by extraction with boiling alcohol. It is uncertain
whether it exists as such in nerve tissue, or is a product of the
decomposition of some more complex substance.
Cer`e*brip"e*tal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + L. petere to seek.]
(Physiol.) Applied to those nerve fibers which go
from the spinal cord to the brain and so transfer sensations
(centripetal impressions) from the exterior inwards.
\'d8Cer`e*bri"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. E. cerebrum + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cerebrum.
Cer"e*broid (?), a.
[Cerebrum + -oid.]
Resembling, or analogous to, the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brol"o*gy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -logy.] The
science which treats of the cerebrum or brain.
Cer`e*brop"a*thy (?), n.
[Cerebrum + Gr.
(Med.) A hypochondriacal condition verging upon
insanity, occurring in those whose brains have been unduly taxed;
-- called also brain fag.
Cer`e*bros"co*py (?), n.
[Cerebrum + -scopy.]
(Med.) Examination of the brain for the diagnosis
of diseas; esp., the act or process of diagnosticating the
condition of the brain by examination of the interior of the eye
(as with an ophthalmoscope).
Buck.
Cer`e*brose" (?), n. [From
Cerebrum.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
sugarlike body obtained by the decomposition of the nitrogenous
non-phosphorized principles of the brain.
Cer`e*bro-spi"nal (?), a.
[Cerebrum + spinal.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the central nervous
system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebro-spinal fluid (Physiol.), a
serous fluid secreted by the membranes covering the brain and
spinal cord. -- Cerebro-spinal meningitis,
Cerebro-spinal fever (Med.), a
dangerous epidemic, and endemic, febrile disease, characterized
by inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord,
giving rise to severe headaches, tenderness of the back of the
neck, paralysis of the ocular muscles, etc. It is sometimes
marked by a cutaneous eruption, when it is often called
spotted fever. It is not contagious.
Cer"e*brum (?), n.; pl. E.
Cerebrums (#), L. Cerebra
(#). [L., the brain.]
(Anat.) The anterior, and in man the larger,
division of the brain; the seat of the reasoning faculties and
the will. See Brain.
Cere"cloth` (?), n. [L.
cera wax + E. cloth.] A cloth
smeared with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous
matter.
Linen, besmeared with gums, in manner of
cerecloth.
Bacon.
Cere"ment (?), n. [L.
cera wax: cf. F. cirement.]
(a) A cerecloth used for the special purpose of
enveloping a dead body when embalmed. (b) Any
shroud or wrapping for the dead.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.
caerimonialis: cf. F. c\'82rimonial. See
Ceremony.] 1. Relating to ceremony,
or external rite; ritual; according to the forms of established
rites.
Ceremonial observances and outward show.
Hallam.
2. Observant of forms; ceremonious. [In this
sense ceremonious is now preferred.]
Donne.
He moves in the dull ceremonial track.
Druden.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al, n. 1. A system
of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by law, or established by
custom, in religious worship, social intercourse, or the courts
of princes; outward form.
The gorgeous ceremonial of the Burgundian
court.
Prescott.
2. The order for rites and forms in the Roman
Catholic church, or the book containing the rules presribed to be
observed on solemn occasions.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ism (?), n.
Adherence to external rites; fondness for ceremony.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. According to
rites and ceremonies; as, a person ceremonially
unclean.
Cer`e*mo"ni*al*ness, n. Quality of being
ceremonial.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F.
c\'82r\'82monieux, L. Caerimoniosus.]
1. Consisting of outward forms and rites;
ceremonial. [In this sense ceremonial is now
preferred.]
The ceremonious part of His worship.
South.
2. According to prescribed or customary rules and
forms; devoted to forms and ceremonies; formally respectful;
punctilious. \'bdCeremonious phrases.\'b8
Addison.
Too ceremonious and traditional.
Shak.
Syn. -- Formal; precise; exact. See Formal.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In a
ceremonious way.
Cer`e*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality, or
practice, of being ceremonious.
Cer"e*mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Ceremonies (#). [F.
c\'82r\'82monie, L. caerimonia; perh. akin
to E. create and from a root signifying to do or
make.] 1. Ar act or series of
acts, often of a symbolical character, prescribed by law, custom,
or authority, in the conduct of important matters, as in the
performance of religious duties, the transaction of affairs of
state, and the celebration of notable events; as, the
ceremony of crowning a sovereign; the
ceremonies observed in consecrating a church; marriage
and baptismal ceremonies.
According to all the rites of it, and according to all the
ceremonies thereof shall ye keep it [the
Passover].
Numb. ix. 3
Bring her up the high altar, that she may
The sacred ceremonies there partake.
Spenser.
[The heralds] with awful ceremony
And trumpet's sound, throughout the host proclaim
A solemn council.
Milton.
2. Behavior regulated by strict etiquette; a formal
method of performing acts of civility; forms of civility
prescribed by custom or authority.
Ceremony was but devised at first
To set a gloss on . . . hollow welcomes . . .
But where there is true friendship there needs none.
Shak.
Al ceremonies are in themselves very silly things;
but yet a man of the world should know them.
Chesterfield.
3. A ceremonial symbols; an emblem, as a crown,
scepter, garland, etc. [Obs.]
Disrobe the images,
If you find them decked with ceremonies.
. . . Let no images
Be hung with C\'91sar's trophies.
Shak.
4. A sign or prodigy; a portent.
[Obs.]
C\'91sar, I never stood on ceremonies,
Yet, now they fright me.
Shak.
Master of ceremonies, an officer who
determines the forms to be observed, or superintends their
observance, on a public occasion. -- Not to stand on
ceremony, not to be ceremonious; to be familiar,
outspoken, or bold.
Ce"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cereus, fr. cera was.] Waxen;
like wax. [Obs.]
Gayton.
Ce"res (?), n. [L., Ceres, also
corn, grain, akin to E. create.] 1.
(Class. Myth.) The daughter of Saturn and Ops or
Rhea, the goddess of corn and tillage.
2. (Actron.) The first discovered
asteroid.
Cer"e*sin (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] (Chem.) A white wax,
made by bleaching and purifying ozocerite, and used as a
substitute for beeswax.
\'d8Ce"re*us (?), n. [L., a wax
candle, fr. cera wax. So named from the resemblance of
one species to the columnar shape of a wax candle.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the Cactus family.
They are natives of America, from California to Chili.
Night-blooming cereus is specially applied to the
Cereus grandiflorus, which is cultivated for its
beautiful, shortlived flowers. The Cereus giganteus,
whose columnar trunk is sometimes sixty feet in height, is a
striking feature of the scenery of New Mexico, Texas,
etc.\'3c--saguaro?= Carnegiea gigantea--\'3e
Cer"i*al (?), a. Same as
Cerial. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ce*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
ra wax + -ferous.] Producing
wax.
Ce"rin (?), n. [L.
cera wax + -in: cf. L. cerinus
wax-colored.] 1. (Chem.) A waxy
substance extracted by alcohol or ether from cork; sometimes
applied also to the portion of beeswax which is soluble in
alcohol.
Watts.
2. (Min.) A variety of the mineral
allanite.
Ce*rin"thi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of an ancient religious sect, so called fron
Cerinthus, a Jew, who attempted to unite the doctrines
of Christ with the opinions of the Jews and Gnostics.
Hook.
Cer"iph (?), n. (Type
Founding) One of the fine lines of a letter, esp. one
of the fine cross strokes at the top and bottom of letters.
[Spelt also seriph.]
Savage.
\'d8Ce*rise" (?), a. [F., a
cherry. See Cherry.] Cherry-colored; a light
bright red; \'c3- applied to textile fabrics, especially
silk.
Ce"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A gastropod shell
belonging to the family Cerithi\'8bd\'91; -- so called
from its hornlike form.
Ce"rite, n. [From
Cherium.] (Min.) A mineral of a
brownish of cherry-red color, commonly massive. It is a hydrous
silicate of cerium and allied metals.
Ce"ri*um (?), n. [Named dy
Berzelius in 1803 from the asteroid Ceres, then just
discovered (1801).] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element, occurring in the minerals cerite, allanite, monazite,
etc. Symbol Ce. Atomic weight 141.5. It resembles iron in color
and luster, but is soft, and both malleable and ductile. It
tarnishes readily in the air.
Cer"nu*ous (?), a. [L.
cernuus with the face turned toward the earth.]
(Bot.) Inclining or nodding downward; pendulous;
drooping; -- said of a bud, flower, fruit, or the capsule of a
moss.
Ce"ro (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. Sp.
sierra saw, sawfish, cero.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable fish of the
Mackerel family, of the genus Scomberomorus. Two
species are found in the West Indies and less commonly on the
Atlantic coast of the United States, -- the common cero
(Scomberomorus caballa), called also
kingfish, and spotted, or king, cero (S.
regalis).
Ce"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr.
khros wax + -graph.]
A writing on wax.
Knight.
{ Ce`ro*graph"ic (?),
Ce`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phist (?), n. One who
practices cerography.
Ce*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]
1. The art of making characters or designs in, or
with, wax.
2. A method of making stereotype plates from
inscribed sheets of wax.
Cer"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. \'b5
wax + -lite.] (Min.) A hydrous
silicate of magnesium, allied to serpentine, occurring in waxlike
masses of a yellow or greenish color.
\'d8Ce*ro"ma (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. 1. The unguent (a
composition of oil and wax) with which wrestles were anointed
among the ancient Romans.
2. (Anc. Arch.) That part of the baths
and gymnasia in which bathers and wrestlers anointed
themselves.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The cere of birds.
Cer"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by dropping
melted wax in water.
Ce*roon" (?), n. [See
Seroon.] A bale or package. covered with
hide, or with wood bound with hide; as, a ceroon of
indigo, cochineal, etc.
Ce`ro*plas"tic (?), a. [Gr.
(Fine arts) (a) Relating to the art of
modeling in wax. (b) Modeled in wax; as,
a ceroplastic figure.
{ Ce`ro*plas"tics (?),
Ce`ro*plas"ty (?), } n.
[Gr. c\'82roplastique.] The art of modeling in
wax.
Cer"o*sin (?), n. [L.
cera wax.] (Chem.) A waxy
substance obtained from the bark of the sugar cane, and
crystallizing in delicate white lamin\'91.
Ce"rote (?), n.
[Obs.] See Cerate.
Cer"o*tene (?), n. [L.
cerotum a pomade. See Cerate.]
(Chem.) A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese
wax, and by the distillation of cerotin.
<-- p. 235 -->
Ce*rot"ic (?), a. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or derived from, beeswax or Chinese wax; as, cerotic
acid or alcohol.
Cer"o*tin (?), n. [See
Cerotene.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance, C27H55.OH, obtained from
Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series;
-- called also cerotic alcohol, ceryl
alcohol.
Cer"ri*al (?), a. [L.
cerreus, fr. cerrus a kind of oak.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the cerris.
Chaplets green of cerrial oak.
Dryden.
\'d8Cer"ris (?), n. [L.
cerrus.] (Bot.) A species of oak
(Quercus cerris) native in the Orient and southern
Europe; -- called also bitter oak and
Turkey oak.
Cer"tain (?), a. [F.
certain, fr. (assumed) LL. certanus, fr. L.
certus determined, fixed, certain, orig. p. p. of
cernere to perceive, decide, determine; akin to Gr.
concern,
critic, crime, riddle a sieve,
rinse, v.] 1. Assured in mind;
having no doubts; free from suspicions concerning.
To make her certain of the sad event.
Dryden.
I myself am certain of you.
Wyclif.
2. Determined; resolved; -- used with an
infinitive.
However, I with thee have fixed my lot,
Certain to undergo like doom.
Milton.
3. Not to be doubted or denied; established as a
fact.
The dream is certain, and the interpretation
thereof sure.
Dan. ii. 45.
4. Actually existing; sure to happen;
inevitable.
Virtue that directs our ways
Through certain dangers to uncertain praise.
Dryden.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all.
Shak.
5. Unfailing; infallible.
I have often wished that I knew as certain a remedy
for any other distemper.
Mead.
6. Fixed or stated; regular; determinate.
The people go out and gather a certain rate every
day.
Ex. xvi. 4.
7. Not specifically named; indeterminate;
indefinite; one or some; -- sometimes used independenty as a
noun, and meaning certain persons.
It came to pass when he was in a certain city.
Luke. v. 12.
About everything he wrote there was a certain
natural grace und decorum.
Macaulay.
For certain, assuredly. -- Of a
certain, certainly.
Syn. -- Bound; sure; true; undeniable; unquestionable;
undoubted; plain; indubitable; indisputable; incontrovertible;
unhesitating; undoubting; fixed; stated.
Cer"tain, n. 1.
Certainty. [Obs.]
Gower.
2. A certain number or quantity.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cer"tain, adv. Certainly.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cer"tain*ly, adv. Without doubt or
question; unquestionably.
Cer"tain*ness, n. Certainty.
Cer"tain*ty (?), n.; pl.
Certainties (#). [OF.
certainet\'82.] 1. The quality,
state, or condition, of being certain.
The certainty of punishment is the truest security
against crimes.
Fisher Ames.
2. A fact or truth unquestionable
established.
Certainties are uninteresting and sating.
Landor.
3. (Law) Clearness; freedom from
ambiguity; lucidity.
Of a certainty, certainly.
Cer"tes (?), adv. [F.
certes, for \'85 certes, fr. L.
certus. See Certain.] Certainly;
in truth; verily. [Archaic]
Certes it great pity was to see
Him his nobility so foul deface.
Spenser.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), n. [F.
certificat, fr. LL. certificatus made
certain, p. p. of certificare. See
tify.] 1. A written testimony to the
truth of any fact; as, certificate of good
behavior.
2. A written declaration legally
authenticated.
Trial by certificate, a trial which the
testimony of the person certifying is the only proper criterion
of the point in dispute; as, when the issue is whether a person
was absent in the army, this is tried by the certificate of the
proper officer in writing, under his seal.
Blackstone.
Cer*tif"i*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Certificated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Certificating.]
[See Certify.]
1. To verify or vouch for by certificate.
2. To furnish with a certificate; as, to
certificate the captain of a vessel; a
certificated teacher.
Cer`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n.[L.
certificatio: cf. F. certification.]
The act of certifying.
Cer"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who
certifies or assures.
Cer"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Certified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Certifying.] [F. certifier,
LL. certificare; L. certus certain +
facere to make. See Certain, and cf.
Certificate, v. t.] 1. To
give cetain information to; to assure; to make certain.
We certify the king, that . . . thou shalt have no
portion on this side the river.
Ezra iv. 16.
2. To give certain information of; to make certain,
as a fact; to verify.
Hammond.
The industry of science at once certifies and
greatly extends our knowledge of the vastness of the
creation.
I. Taylor.
3. To testify to in writing; to make a declaration
concerning, in writing, under hand, or hand and seal.
The judges shall certify their opinion to the
chancellor, and upon such certificate the decree is usually
founded.
Blackstone.
Certified check, A bank check, the validity of
which is certified by the bank on which it is drawn.
Cer`ti*o*ra"ri (?), n. [So
named from the emphatic word certiorari in the Latin
form of the writ, which read certiorar volumus we wish
to be certified.] (Law) A writ issuing out
of chancery, or a superior court, to call up the records of a
inferior court, or remove a cause there depending, in order that
the party may have more sure and speedy justice, or that errors
and irreguarities may be corrected. It is obtained upon complaint
of a party that he has not received justice, or can not have an
impartial trial in the inferior court.
certiorari is the correct process to
remove the proceedings of a court in which cases are tried in a
manner different from the course of the common law, as of county
commissioners. It is also used as an auxiliary process in order
to obtain a full return to some other process.
Bouvier.
Cer"ti*tude (?), n. [LL.
certitudo, fr. L. certus: cf. F.
certitude. See Certain.] Freedom
from doubt; assurance; certainty.
J. H. Newman.
Cer"ule (?), a. [L.
caerulus, eguiv. to caeruleus.]
Blue; cerulean. [Obs.]
Dyer.
Ce*ru"le*an (?), a. [L.
caeruleus.] Sky-colored; blue; azure.
Cowper.
Blue, blue, as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall.
Bryant.
Ce*ru"le*ous (?), a.
Cerulean. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Cer`u*lif"ic (?), a.
[L.arulus dark blue + facere to
make.] Producing a blue or sky color.
[R.]
\'d8Ce*ru"men (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. cera wax.] (Physiol.) The
yellow, waxlike secretion from the glands of the external ear;
the earwax.
Ce*ru"mi*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to, or secreting, cerumen;
as, the ceruminous glands.
Ce"ruse (?), n. [F.
c\'82ruse, L. cerussa.] 1.
White lead, used as a pigment. See White lead,
under White.
2. A cosmetic containing white lead.
To distinguish ceruse from natural bloom.
Macaulay.
3. (Min.) The native carbonate of
lead.
Ce"rused (?), a. Washed with a
preparation of white lead; as, cerused
face.
Beau. & Fl.
{ Ce"ru*site (?), Ce"rus*site
(?), } n. (Min.) Native
lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white, or
yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive
and compact.
Cer"van*tite (?), n. [Named
from Cervantes a town in Spain.]
(Min.) See under Antimony.
Cer"ve*lat (?), n. [F.]
(Mus.) An ancient wind instrument, resembling the
bassoon in tone.
Cer"vi*cal, a. [L. cervix,
-icis, neck: cf. F. cervical.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the
cervical vertebr\'91.
Cer"vi*cide (?), n. [L.
cervus deer + caedere to kill.]
The act of killing deer; deer-slaying.
[R.]
Cer"vine (?), a. [L.
cervinus, fr. cervus deer: cf. F.
cervin.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the deer, or to the family
Cervid\'91.
\'d8Cer"vix (?), n.; pl. E.
Cervixes (#), L. Cervices
(#). [L.] (Anat.) The
neck; also, the necklike portion of any part, as of the womb. See
Illust. of Bird.
\'d8Cer"vus (?), n. [L., a
deer.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants,
including the red deer and other allied species.
Cervus.
Ce"ryl (?), n. [L.
cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.)
A radical, C27H55 supposed to exist in
several compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc.
{ Ce*sa"re*an (?), Ce*sa"ri*an,
} a. Same as C\'91sarean,
C\'91sarian.
Ce"sar*ism (?), n. See
C\'91sarism.
Ces"pi*tine (?), n. [L.
caespes, caespitis, a turf.] An
oil obtained by distillation of peat, and containing various
members of the pyridine series.
Ces"pi*ti`tious (?), a. [L.
caespiticius, fr. caespes turf.]
Same as Cespitious. [R.]
Gough.
Ces"pi*tose` (?), a. [L.
caespes turf.] (Bot.) Having the
form a piece of turf, i. e., many stems from one
rootstock or from many entangled rootstocks or roots.
[Written also c\'91spitose.]
Ces"pi*tous (?), a. [See
Cespitose.] Pertaining to, consisting, of
resembling, turf; turfy.
A cespitous or turfy plant has many stems from the
same root, usually forming a close, thick carpet of matting.
Martyn.
Cess (?), n. [For
sess, conts. from Assess.] 1.
A rate or tax. [Obs. or Prof. Eng. &
Scot.]
Spenser.
2. Bound; measure. [Obs.]
The poor jade is wrung in the withers out of all
cess.
Shak.
Cess, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cessing.] To rate; to tax; to
assess.
Spenser.
Cess, v. i. [F. cesser. See
Cease.] To cease; to neglect.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ces"sant (?) a. [L.
cessans, p. pr. of cessare. See
Cease.] Inactive; dormant
[Obs.]
W. Montagu.
Ces*sa"tion (?), n. [F.
cessation, L. cessatio, fr.
cessare. See Cease.] A ceasing of
discontinuance, as of action, whether termporary or final; a
stop; as, a cessation of the war.
The temporary cessation of the papal
iniquities.
Motley.
The day was yearly observed for a festival by
cessation from labor.
Sir J. Hayward.
Cessation of arms (Mil.), an
armistice, or truce, agreed to by the commanders of armies, to
give time for a capitulation, or for other purposes.
Syn. -- Stop; rest; stay; pause; discontinuance;
intermission; interval; respite; interruption; recess;
remission.
\'d8Ces*sa"vit (?), n. [L., he
has ceased.] [O. Eng. Law] A writ given
by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years
failed to perform the conditions of his tenure.
Ces"ser (?), n. [From
Cess, v. i.] (Law) a
neglect of a tenant to perform services, or make payment, for two
years.
Ces"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
cessible. See Cession.] Giving
way; yielding. [Obs.] --
Ces`si*bil"i*ty (#), n.
[Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
Ces"sion (?), n. [L.
cessio, fr. cedere to give way: cf. F.
Cession. See Cede.] 1. A
yielding to physical force. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Concession; compliance.
[Obs.]
3. A yielding, or surrender, as of property or
rights, to another person; the act of ceding.
A cession of the island of New Orleans.
Bancroft.
4. (Eccl. Law) The giving up or vacating
a benefice by accepting another without a proper
dispensation.
5. (Civil Law) The voluntary surrender
of a person's effects to his creditors to avoid
imprisonment.
Ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [LL.
cessionarius, from cessionare to cede, fr.
L. cessio: cf. F. cessionnaire. See
Cession.] Having surrendered the effects;
as, a cessionary bankrupt.
Martin.
Cess"ment (?), n. [From
Cess, v. t.] An assessment or
tax. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ces"sor (?), n. [From
Cess, v. i. Cf. Cesser.]
(Law) One who neglects, for two years, to perform
the service by which he holds lands, so that he incurs the danger
of the writ of cessavit. See Cessavit.
Cowell.
Ces"sor, n. [From Cess, v.
t.] An assessor. [Obs.]
Cess`pipe" (?), n. A pipe for
carrying off waste water, etc., from a sink or cesspool.
Knight.
Cess"pool` (?), n. [See
Sesspol.] A cistern in the course, or the
termination, of a drain, to collect sedimentary or superfluous
matter; a privy vault; any receptace of filth.
[Written also sesspool.]
Cest (?), n. [L.
cestus: cf. OF. ceste.] A
woman's girdle; a cestus. [R.]
Collins.
Ces"tode (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Cestoidea. -- n. One of the
Cestoidea.
Ces"toid, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Cestoidea. -- n.
One of the Cestoidea.
\'d8Ces*toid"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., gr. Gr. -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of parasitic worms
(Platelminthes) of which the tapeworms are the most
common examples. The body is flattened, and usually but not
always long, and composed of numerous joints or segments, each of
which may contain a complete set of male and female reproductive
organs. They have neither mouth nor intestine. See
Tapeworm. [Written also
Cestoda.]
Ces*told"e*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cestoidea.
Ces*tra"ci*ont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A shark of the
genus Cestracion, and of related genera. The posterior
teeth form a pavement of bony plates for crushing shellfish. Most
of the species are extinct. The Port Jackson shark and a similar
one found in California are living examples.
Ces*tra"ci*ont, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the genus
Cestracion.
Ces"tus (?), n. [L.
cestus girdle, Gr. 1. (Antiq.) A
girdle; particularly that of Aphrodite (or Venus) which gave the
wearer the power of exciting love.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Ctenophora. The
typical species (Cestus Veneris) is remarkable for its
brilliant iridescent colors, and its long, girdlelike form.
Ces"tus, n. [L. caestus, and
cestus.] (Antiq.) A covering for
the hands of boxers, made of leather bands, and often loaded with
lead or iron.
{ \'d8Ces"tuy or \'d8Ces"tui (?),
} pron. [Norm. F.] (Law)
He; the one.
Cestuy que trust ( [norm.
F.], a person who has the equitable and beneficial
interest in property, the legal interest in which is vested in a
trustee. Wharton. -- Cestuy que use
( [Norm. F.], a person for whose use
land, etc., is granted to another.
Ce*su"ra (?), n. See
C\'91sura.
Ce*su"ral (?), a. See
C\'91sural.
\'d8Ce*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from L. cetus whale, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of marine mammals, including
the whales. Like ordinary mammals they breathe by means of lungs,
and bring forth living young which they suckle for some time. The
anterior limbs are changed to paddles; the tail flukes are
horizontal. There are two living suborders: (a)
The Mysticete or whalebone whales, having no
true teeth after birth, but with a series of plates of whalebone
[see Baleen.] hanging down from the upper jaw on each
side, thus making a strainer, through which they receive the
small animals upon which they feed. (b)
The Denticete, including the dolphins and sperm
whale, which have teeth. Another suborder
(Zeuglodontia) is extinct. The Sirenia were
formerly included in the Cetacea, but are now made a separate
order.
Ce*ta"cean (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cetacea.
Ce*ta"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Cetacea.
\'d8Ce"te (?), n. [L.,
pl.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Cetacea, or collectively, the Cetacea.
Ce"tene (?), n. [See
Cete.] (Chem.) An oily
hydrocarbon, C16H32, of the ethylene series,
obtained from spermaceti.
Cet"e*rach (?), n. [F.
c\'82t\'82rac, fr. Ar. shetrak.]
(Bot.) A species of fern with fronds
(Asplenium Ceterach).
Cet"e*wale (?), n. [OF.
citoal, F. zedoaire. See
Zedoary.] Same as Zedoary.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ce"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining
to a whale.
Ce"tin (?), n. [L.
cetus whale.] (Chem.) A white,
waxy substance, forming the essential part of spermaceti.
<-- p. 236 -->
Ce`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gist (?), a. One
versed in cetology.
Ce*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. c\'82tologie.]
The description or natural history of cetaceous
animals.
Ce*trar"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the lichen, Iceland moss (Cetaria
Islandica).
Cetraric acid. See
Cetrarin.
Cet"ra*rin (?), n. [From
Cetraria Islandica, the scientific name of Iceland
moss.] (Chem.) A white substance extracted
from the lichen, Iceland moss (Cetraria Islandica). It
consists of several ingredients, among which is cetraric
acid, a white, crystalline, bitter substance.
Ce"tyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A radical,
C16H33, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist
in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and
derived from spermaceti.
Ce*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, spermaceti.
Cetylic alcohol (Chem.), a white,
waxy, crystalline solid, obtained from spermaceti, and regarded
as homologous with ordinary, or ethyl, alcohol; ethal; -- called
also cetyl alcohol.
Cey"lan*ite (?), n. [F., fr.
Ceylan Ceylon.] (Min.) A dingy
blue, or grayish black, variety of spinel. It is also called
pleonaste. [Written also
ceylonite.]
Cey`lon*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ceylon. -- n. sing. & pl.
A native or natives of Ceylon.
C.G.S. An abbreviation for Centimeter,
Gram, Second. -- applied to a system of units
much empoyed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as
the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and
the second as the unit of time.
Chab (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The red-bellied wood pecker (Melanerpes
Carolinus).
{ Chab"a*site (?), Cab"a*zite
(?), } n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral occuring in
glassy rhombohedral crystals, varying, in color from white to
yellow or red. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of alumina
and lime. Called also chabasie.
\'d8Cha*blis" (?), n.
[F.] A white wine made near Chablis, a town in
France.
<-- 2. a white wine resembling Chablis[1], but made elsewhere, as
in California. -->
{ \'d8Cha*bouk", \'d8Cha*buk"
(?), } n. [Hind.
ch\'bebuk horsewhip.] A long whip, such as
is used in the East in the infliction of punishment.
Balfour.
Chace (?), n. See 3d
Chase, n., 3.
Chace, v. t. To pursue. See
Chase v. t.
\'d8Cha`cha*la"ca (?), n.
[Native name, prob. given in imitation of its cry.]
(Zo\'94l.) The texan guan (Ortalis
vetula). [written also
chiacalaca.]
Chak (?), v. i. To toss up the
head frequently, as a horse to avoid the restraint of the
bridle.
\'d8Chac"ma (?), n. [Native
name.] A large species of African baboon
(Cynocephalus porcarius); -- called also
ursine baboon. [See Illust.
of Baboon.]
\'d8Cha*conne" (?), n. [F., fr.
Sp. chacona.] (Mus.) An old
Spanish dance in moderate three-four measure, like the
Passacaglia, which is slower. Both are used by classical
composers as themes for variations.
Chad (?), n. See
Shad. [Obs.]
\'d8Ch\'91*te"tes (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
fossil corals, common in the lower Silurian limestones.
Ch\'91*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr.
-ferous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Bearing set\'91.
Ch\'91"to*dont (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
marine fish of the family Ch\'91todontid\'91. The
ch\'91todonts have broad, compressed bodies, and usually bright
colors.
Ch\'91to*dont, a. Of or pertaining to
the Ch\'91todonts or the family
Ch\'91todontid\'91.
Ch\'91"tog*nath (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ch\'91tognatha.
\'d8Ch\'91*tog"na*tha (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l) An order of free-swimming marine worms,
of which the genus Sagitta is the type. They have
groups of curved spines on each side of the head.
Ch\'91"to*pod (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Ch\'91topoda.
-- n. One of the Ch\'91topoda.
\'d8Ch\'91*top"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A very extensive order of Annelida,
characterized by the presence of lateral set\'91, or spines, on
most or all of the segments. They are divided into two principal
groups: Oligoch\'91ta, including the earthworms and
allied forms, and Polych\'91ta, including most of the
marine species.
Ch\'91"to*tax`y (?), n. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The
arrangement of bristles on an insect.
Chafe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chafed (?);
p pr. & vb. n. Chafing.]
[OE. chaufen to warm, OF. chaufer, F.
chauffer, fr. L. calefacere,
calfacere, to make warm; calere to be warm
+ facere to make. See Caldron.]
1. To ecxite heat in by friction; to rub in order
to stimulate and make warm.
To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin.
Spenser.
2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to
irritate.
Her intercession chafed him.
Shak.
3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to
chafe a cable.
Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to prevent its
being chafed.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.
Chafe, v. i. To rub; to come together so
as to wear by rubbing; to wear by friction.
Made its great boughs chafe together.
Longfellow.
The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores.
Shak.
2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable
chafes.
3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to
fret; to be irritated.
Spenser.
He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my
daughter.
Shak.
Chafe, n. 1. Heat excited by
friction.
2. Injury or wear caused by friction.
3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to
Whitehall.
Camden.
Chaf"er (?), n. 1. One
who chafes.
2. A vessel for heating water; -- hence, a dish or
pan.
A chafer of water to cool the ends of the
irons.
Baker.
Chaf"er, n. [AS. ceafor; akin
to D. kever, G k\'89fer.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of beetle; the cockchafer. The
name is also applied to other species; as, the rose
chafer.
Chaf"er*y (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] (Iron Works)
An open furnace or forge, in which blooms are heated before
being wrought into bars.
{ Chafe"wax` (?), Chaff"wax`
(?), } n. (Eng. Law)
Formerly a chancery officer who fitted wax for sealing writs
and other documents.
Chafe"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) The cudweed (Gnaphalium), used
to prevent or cure chafing.
Chaff (?), n. [AC.
ceaf; akin to D. kaf, G.
kaff.]
1. The glumes or husks of grains and grasses
separated from the seed by threshing and winnowing, etc.
So take the corn and leave the chaff behind.
Dryden.
Old birds are not caught with caff.
Old Proverb.
2. Anything of a comparatively light and worthless
character; the refuse part of anything.
The chaff and ruin of the times.
Shak.
3. Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of
cattle.
By adding chaff to his corn, the horse must take
more time to eat it. In this way chaff is very
useful.
Ywatt.
4. Light jesting talk; banter; raillery.
5. (Bot.) The scales or bracts on the
receptacle, which subtend each flower in the heads of many
Composit\'91, as the sunflower.
Gray.
Chaff cutter, a machine for cutting, up straw,
etc., into \'bdchaff\'b8 for the use of cattle.
Chaff, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffing.] To use light, idle
lagnguage by way of fun or ridicule; to banter.
Chaff, v. t. To make fun of; to turn
into ridicule by addressing in ironical or bantering language; to
quiz.
Morgan saw that his master was chaffing him.
Thackeray.
A dozen honest fellows . . . chaffed each other
about their sweethearts.
C. Kingsley.
Chaff"er, n. One who chaffs.
Chaf"fer (?), n. [OE.
chaffare, cheapfare; AS. ce\'a0p
a bargain, price + faru a journey; hence, originally,
a going to barain, to market. See Cheap, and
Fare.] Bargaining; merchandise.
[Obs.]
Holished.
Chaf"fer, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chaffered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaffering.] [OE.
chaffaren, fr. chaffare,
chapfare, cheapfare, a bargaining. See
Chaffer, n.]
1. To treat or dispute about a purchase; to
bargain; to haggle or higgle; to negotiate.
To chaffer for preferments with his gold.
Dryden.
2. To talk much and idly; to chatter.
Trench.
Chaf"fer, v. t. 1. To buy or
sell; to trade in.
He chaffered chairs in which churchmen were
set.
Spenser.
2. To exchange; to bandy, as words.
Spenser.
Chaf"fer*er (?), n. One who
chaffers; a bargainer.
Chaf"fern (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] A vessel for heating
water. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Chaf"fer*y, n. Traffic;
bargaining. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Chaf"finch (?), n. [Cf.
Chiff-chaff.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of
Europe (Fringilla c\'d2lebs), having a variety of very
sweet songs, and highly valued as a cage bird; -- called also
copper finch.
Chaff"ing (?), n. The use of
light, frivolous language by way of fun or ridicule; raillery;
banter.
Chaff"less, a. Without chaff.
Chaff"y (?), a. 1.
Abounding in, or resembling, chaff.
Chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail.
Coleridge.
2. Light or worthless as chaff.
Slight and chaffy opinion.
Glanvill.
3. (Bot.) (a) Resembling chaff;
composed of light dry scales. (b) Bearing or
covered with dry scales, as the under surface of certain ferns,
or the disk of some composite flowers.
Chaf"ing (?), n. [See
Chafe, v. t.] The act of rubbing,
or wearing by friction; making by rubbing.
Chafing dish, a dish or vessel for cooking on
the table, or for keeping food warm, either by coals, by a lamp,
or by hot water; a portable grate for coals. -- Chafing
gear (Naut.), any material used to protect
sails, rigging, or the like, at points where they are exposed to
friction.
Cha*green" (?), n. See
Shagreen.
Cha*grin" (?), n. [F., fr.
chagrin shagreen, a particular kind of rough and
grained leather; also a rough fishskin used for graters and
files; hence (Fig.), a gnawing, corroding grief. See
Shagreen.] Vexation; mortification.
I must own that I felt rather vexation and chagrin
than hope and satisfaction.
Richard Porson.
Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin.
Pope.
Syn. -- Vexation; mortification; peevishness; fretfulness;
disgust; disquiet. Chagrin,
Vexation, Mortification. These words agree in
the general sense of pain produced by untoward circumstances.
Vexation is a feeling of disquietude or irritating
uneasiness from numerous causes, such as losses, disappointments,
etc. Mortification is a stronger word, and denotes
that keen sense of pain which results fron wounded pride or
humiliating occurrences. Chagrin is literally the
cutting pain produced by the friction of Shagreen
leather; in its figurative sense, it varies in meaning, denoting
in its lower degrees simply a state of vexation, and its higher
degrees the keenest sense of mortification.
\'bdVexation arises chiefly fron our wishes and views
being crossed: mortification, from our self-importance
being hurt; chagrin, from a mixture of the two.\'b8
Crabb.
Cha*grin", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chagrined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chargrining.] [Cf. F.
chagriner See Chagrin, n.]
To excite ill-humor in; to vex; to mortify; as, he was
not a little chagrined.
Cha*grin", v. i. To be vexed or
annoyed.
Fielding.
Cha*grin", a. Chagrined.
Dryden.
Chain (?), n. [F.
cha\'8cne, fr. L. catena. Cf.
Catenate.] 1. A series of links or
rings, usually of metal, connected, or fitted into one another,
used for various purposes, as of support, of restraint, of
ornament, of the exertion and transmission of mechanical power,
etc.
[They] put a chain of gold about his neck.
Dan. v. 29.
2. That which confines, fetters, or secures, as a
chain; a bond; as, the chains of habit.
Driven down
To chains of darkness and the undying worm.
Milton.
3. A series of things linked together; or a series
of things connected and following each other in succession;
as, a chain of mountains; a chain of events
or ideas.
4. (Surv.) An instrument which consists
of links and is used in measuring land.
Gunter's chain,
which consists of one hundred links, each link being seven inches
and ninety-two one hundredths in length; making up the total
length of rods, or sixty-six, feet; hence, a measure of that
length; hence, also, a unit for land measure equal to four rods
square, or one tenth of an acre.
5. pl. (Naut.) Iron links
bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected
with the shrouds; also, the channels.
6. (Weaving) The warp threads of a
web.
Knight.
Chain belt (Mach.), a belt made of
a chain; -- used for transmitting power. -- Chain
boat, a boat fitted up for recovering lost cables,
anchors, etc. -- Chain bolt (a)
(Naut.) The bolt at the lower end of the chain
plate, which fastens it to the vessel's side. (b)
A bolt with a chain attached for drawing it out of
position. -- Chain bond. See Chain
timber. -- Chain bridge, a bridge
supported by chain cables; a suspension bridge. --
Chain cable, a cable made of iron links. --
Chain coral (Zo\'94l.), a fossil coral
of the genus Halysites, common in the middle and upper
Silurian rocks. The tubular corallites are united side by side in
groups, looking in an end view like links of a chain. When
perfect, the calicles show twelve septa. -- Chain
coupling. (a) A shackle for uniting lengths of
chain, or connecting a chain with an object. (b)
(Railroad) Supplementary coupling together of cars
with a chain. -- Chain gang, a gang of
convicts chained together. -- Chain hook
(Naut.), a hook, used for dragging cables about
the deck. -- Chain mail, flexible, defensive
armor of hammered metal links wrought into the form of a
garment. -- Chain molding (Arch.),
a form of molding in imitation of a chain, used in the Normal
style. -- Chain pier, a pier suspended by
chain. -- Chain pipe (Naut.), an
opening in the deck, lined with iron, through which the cable is
passed into the lockers or tiers. -- Chain plate
(Shipbuilding), one of the iron plates or bands,
on a vessel's side, to which the standing rigging is
fastened. -- Chain pulley, a pulley with
depressions in the periphery of its wheel, or projections from
it, made to fit the links of a chain. -- Chain
pumps. See in the Vocabulary. -- Chain
rule (Arith.), a theorem for solving
numerical problems by composition of ratios, or compound
proportion, by which, when several ratios of equality are given,
the consequent of each being the same as the antecedent of the
next, the relation between the first antecedent and the last
consequent is discovered. -- Chain shot
(Mil.), two cannon balls united by a shot chain,
formerly used in naval warfare on account of their destructive
effect on a ship's rigging. -- Chain stitch.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Chain timber.
(Arch.) See Bond timber, under
Bond. -- Chain wales. (Naut.)
Same as Channels. -- Chain wheel.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Closed chain,
Open chain (Chem.), terms
applied to the chemical structure of compounds whose rational
formul\'91 are written respectively in the form of a closed ring
(see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), or in
an open extended form. -- Endless chain, a
chain whose ends have been united by a link.
Chain, v. t. [imp. p.
p. Chained (ch\'bend); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaining.] 1. To
fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or bind
securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a
bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car.
Prior.
2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
And which more blest? who chained his country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day?
Pope.
3. To unite closely and strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to thine.
Shak.
4. (Surveying) To measure with the
chain.
5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a
harbor.
<-- p. 237 -->
Chain"less (?), a. Having no
chain; not restrained or fettered. \'bdThe
chainless mind.\'b8
Byron.
Chain"let (?), n. A small
chain.
Sir W. Scott.
Chain" pump` (?). A pump consisting of an
endless chain, running over a drum or wheel by which it is moved,
and dipping below the water to be raised. The chain has at
intervals disks or lifts which fit the tube through which the
ascending part passes and carry the water to the point of
discharge.
Chain" stitch` (?). 1. An
ornamental stitch like the links of a chain; -- used in
crocheting, sewing, and embroidery.
2. (Machine Sewing) A stitch in which
the looping of the thread or threads forms a chain on the under
side of the work; the loop stitch, as distinguished from the lock
stitch. See Stitch.
Chain" wheel` (?). 1. A chain
pulley, or sprocket wheel.
2. An inversion of the chain pump, by which it
becomes a motor driven by water.
Chain"work` (?), n. Work looped
or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch work.
Chair (?), n. [OE.
chaiere, chaere, OF. chaiere,
chaere, F. chaire pulpit, fr. L.
cathedra chair, armchair, a teacher's or professor's
chair, Gr. sit. See Sit, and cf. Cathedral,
chaise.]
1. A movable single seat with a back.
2. An official seat, as of a chief magistrate or a
judge, but esp. that of a professor; hence, the office
itself.
The chair of a philosophical school.
Whewell.
A chair of philology.
M. Arnold.
3. The presiding officer of an assembly; a
chairman; as, to address the chair.
4. A vehicle for one person; either a sedan borne
upon poles, or two-wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse; a
gig.
Shak.
Think what an equipage thou hast in air,
And view with scorn two pages and a chair.
Pope.
5. An iron blok used on railways to support the
rails and secure them to the sleepers.
Chair days, days of repose and age. --
To put into the chair, to elect as president, or
as chairman of a meeting. Macaulay. -- To
take the chair, to assume the position of president, or
of chairman of a meeting.
Chair, v. t. [imp. & p.
pr. Chaired (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chairing.] 1. To
place in a chair.
2. To carry publicly in a chair in triumph.
[Eng.]
Chair"man (?), n.; pl.
Chairmen (.
1. The presiding officer of a committee, or of a
public or private meeting, or of any organized body.
2. One whose business it is to cary a chair or
sedan.
Breaks watchmen's heads and chairmen's glasses.
Prior.
Chair"man*ship, n. The office of a
chairman of a meeting or organized body.
Chaise (?), n. [F.
chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for
chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See
Chair.] 1. A two-wheeled carriage
for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather
straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one
horse.
2. Loosely, a carriage in
general.
Cowper.
\'d8Cha"ja (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crested screamer of
Brazil (Palamedea, ), so called
in imitation of its notes; -- called also
chauna, and faithful
kamichi. It is often domesticated and is useful in
guarding other poultry. See Kamichi.
\'d8Cha*la"za (?), n.; pl. E.
Chalazas, L. Chalaz\'91 (#).
[NL., fr. Gr. 1.
(Bot.) The place on an ovule, or seed, where its
outer coats cohere with each other and the nucleus.
2. (Biol.) A spiral band of thickened
albuminous substance which exists in the white of the bird's egg,
and serves to maintain the yolk in its position; the
treadle.
Cha*la"zal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chalaza.
Cha*laze" (?), n. Same as
Chalaza.
Chal`a*zif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chalaza + -ferous.] Having
or bearing chalazas.
\'d8Cha*la"zi*on (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.)
A small circumscribed tumor of the eyelid caused by
retention of secretion, and by inflammation of the Melbomian
glands.
Chal*can"thite (?), n. [L.
chalcanthum a solution of blue vitriol, Gr.
(Min.) Native blue vitriol. See
Blue vitriol, under Blue.
Chal"ce*don"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chalcedony.
Chal*ced"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Chalcedonies (#). [ L.
chalcedonius, fr. Gr. calc\'82doine, OE.
calcidoine, casidoyne. Cf.
Cassidony.] (Min.) A
cryptocrystalline, translucent variety of quartz, having usually
a whitish color, and a luster nearly like wax.
[Written also calcedony.]
agate; and if by reason of the thickness, color, and
arrangement of the layers it is suitable for being carved into
cameos, it is called onyx. Chrysoprase is
green chalcedony; carnelian, a flesh red, and
sard, a brownish red variety.
\'d8Chal`chi*huitl (?), n.
(Min.) The Mexican name for turquoise. See
Turquoise.
Chal"cid fly` (?). [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One
of a numerous family of hymenopterous insects
(Chalcidid\'91. Many are gallflies, others are
parasitic on insects.
Chal*cid"i*an (?), n. [L.
chalcis a lizard, Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tropical family of snakelike
lizards (Chalcid\'91), having four small or
rudimentary legs.
Chal"co*cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native copper sulphide,
called also copper glance, and
vitreous copper; a mineral of a black color
and metallic luster. [Formerly written
chalcosine.]
{ Chal*cog"ra*pher (?),
Chal*cog"ra*phist (?), } n.
An engraver on copper or brass; hence, an engraver of copper
plates for printing upon paper.
Chal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] The act or
art of engraving on copper or brass, especially of engraving for
printing.
Chal`co*pyr"ite (?), n. [Gr.
pyrite. So named from its color.]
(Min.) Copper pyrites, or yellow copper ore; a
common ore of opper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur. It
occurs massive and in tetragonal crystals of a bright brass
yellow color.
Chal*da"ic (?), a. [L.
Chaldaicus.] Of or pertaining to
Chaldes. -- n. The language or
dialect of the Chaldeans; Chaldee.
Chal"da*ism (?), n. An idiom or
peculiarity in the Chaldee dialect.
Chal*de"an (?), a. [L.
Chaldaeus.] Of or pertaining to
Chaldea. -- n. (a) A native
or inhabitant of Chaldea. (b) A learned man,
esp. an astrologer; -- so called among the Eastern nations,
because astrology and the kindred arts were much cultivated by
the Chaldeans. (c) Nestorian.
Chal"dee (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chaldea. -- n. The
language or dialect of the Chaldeans; eastern Aramaic, or the
Aramaic used in Chaldea.
Chaldee Paraphrase, A targum written in
Aramaic.
{ Chal"drich (?), Chal"der
(?), } n. [Icel.
tjaldr.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of
bird; the oyster catcher.
Chal"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaldron, F. chaudron kettle. The same word
as caldron.] An English dry measure, being,
at London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and
more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exlusively for
coal and coke.
chaldron is
ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.
De Colange.
\'d8Cha*let" (?), n. [F.]
1. A herdsman's hut in the mountains of
Switzerland.
Chalets are summer huts for the Swiss herdsmen.
Wordsworth.
2. A summer cottage or country house in the Swiss
mountains; any country house built in the style of the Swiss
cottages.
Chal"ice (?), n. [OR.
chalis, calice, OF. chalice,
calice, F. calice, fr. L. calix,
akin to Gr. helmet. Cf. Calice,
Calyx.] A cup or bowl; especially, the cup
used in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper.
Chal"iced (?), a. Having a
calyx or cup; cupshaped. \'bdChaliced
flowers.\'b8
Shak.
Chalk (?), n. [AS.
cealc lime, from L. calx limestone. See
Calz, and Cawk.] 1.
(Min.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white,
grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium
carbonate, and having the same composition as common
limestone.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared chalk,
used as a drawing implement; also, by extension, a compound, as
of clay and black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See
Crayon.
Black chalk, a mineral of a bluish color, of a
slaty texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety of
argillaceous slate. -- By a long chalk, by a
long way; by many degrees. [Slang]
Lowell. -- Chalk drawing (Fine
Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
Crayon. -- Chalk formation. See
Cretaceous formation, under
Cretaceous. -- Chalk line, a cord
rubbed with chalk, used for making straight lines on boards or
other material, as a guide in cutting or in arranging work.
-- Chalk mixture, a preparation of chalk,
cinnamon, and sugar in gum water, much used in diarrheal
affection, esp. of infants. -- Chalk period.
(Geol.) See Cretaceous period, under
Cretaceous. -- Chalk pit, a pit in
which chalk is dug. -- Drawing chalk. See
Crayon, n., 1. -- French
chalk, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian
mineral. -- Red chalk, an indurated clayey
ocher containing iron, and used by painters and artificers;
reddle.
Chalk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chalked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chalking.] 1. To rub
or mark with chalk.
2. To manure with chalk, as land.
Morimer.
3. To make white, as with chalk; to make pale; to
bleach.
Tennyson.
Let a bleak paleness chalk the door.
Herbert.
To chalk out, to sketch with, or as with,
chalk; to outline; to indicate; to plan. [Colloq.]
\'bdI shall pursue the plan I have chalked
out.\'b8
Burke.
Chalk"cut`ter (?), n. A man who
digs chalk.
Chalk"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being chalky.
Chalk"stone` (?), n. 1.
A mass of chalk.
As chalkstones . . . beaten in sunder.
Isa. xxvii. 9.
2. (Med.) A chalklike concretion,
consisting mainly of urate of sodium, found in and about the
small joints, in the external ear, and in other situations, in
those affected with gout; a tophus.
Chalk"y (?), a. Consisting of,
or resembling, chalk; containing chalk; as, a chalky
cliff; a chalky taste.
Chal"lenge (?), n. [OE.
chalenge claim, accusation, challenge, OF.
chalenge, chalonge, claim, accusation,
contest, fr. L. calumnia false accusation, chicanery.
See Calumny.] 1. An invitation to
engage in a contest or controversy of any kind; a defiance;
specifically, a summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or
message conveying the summons.
A challenge to controversy.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of a sentry in halting any one who
appears at his post, and demanding the countersign.
3. A claim or demand. [Obs.]
There must be no challenge of superiority.
Collier.
4. (Hunting) The opening and crying of
hounds at first finding the scent of their game.
5. (Law) An exception to a juror or to a
member of a court martial, coupled with a demand that he should
be held incompetent to act; the claim of a party that a certain
person or persons shall not sit in trial upon him or his
cause.
Blackstone
6. An exception to a person as not legally qualifed
to vote. The challenge must be made when the ballot is
offered. [U. S.]
Challenge to the array (Law), an
exception to the whole panel. -- Challenge to the
favor, the alleging a special cause, the sufficiency of
which is to be left to those whose duty and office it is to
decide upon it. -- Challenge to the polls, an
exception taken to any one or more of the individual jurors
returned. -- Peremptory challenge, a
privilege sometimes allowed to defendants, of challenging a
certain number of jurors (fixed by statute in different States)
without assigning any cause. -- Principal
challenge, that which the law allows to be sufficient
if found to be true.
Chal"lenge, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Challenged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Challenging.] [OE.
chalengen to accuse, claim, OF. chalengier,
chalongier, to claim, accuse, dispute, fr. L.
calumniar to attack with false accusations. See
Challenge, n., and cf.
Calumniate.] 1. To call to a contest
of any kind; to call to answer; to defy.
I challenge any man to make any pretense to power
by right of fatherhood.
Locke.
2. To call, invite, or summon to answer for an
offense by personal combat.
By this I challenge him to single fight.
Shak.
3. To claim as due; to demand as a right.
Challenge better terms.
Addison.
4. To censure; to blame. [Obs.]
He complained of the emperors . . . and challenged
them for that he had no greater revenues . . . from them.
Holland.
5. (Mil.) To question or demand the
countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines); as, the
sentinel challenged us, with \'bdWho comes
there?\'b8
6. To take exception to; question; as, to
challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a
quotation.
7. (Law) To object to or take exception
to, as to a juror, or member of a court.
8. To object to the reception of the vote of, as on
the ground that the person in not qualifed as a voter.
[U. S.]
To challenge to the array, favor,
polls. See under Challenge,
n.
Chal"lenge, v. i. To assert a right; to
claim a place.
Where nature doth with merit challenge.
Shak.
Chal"lenge*a*ble (?), a. That
may be challenged.
Chal"len*ger (?), n. One who
challenges.
Chal"lis (?), n. [F.
chaly, challis, a stuff made of goat's
hair.] A soft and delicate woolen, or woolen and silk,
fabric, for ladies' dresses. [Written also
chally.]
Cha"lon (?), n. A bed
blanket. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cha*lyb"e*an (?), a. [L.
chalybe\'8bus, fr. chalybs steel, Gr.
1. Of or pertaining to the Chalybes, an
ancient people of Pontus in Asia Minor, celebrated for working in
iron and steel.
2. Of superior quality and temper; -- applied to
steel. [Obs.]
Milton.
Cha*lyb"e*ate (?), a. [NL.
chalybeatus, fr. chalube\'8bus. See
Chalubean.] Impregnated with salts of iron;
having a taste like iron; as, chalybeate
springs.
Cha*lyb"e*ate, n. Any water, liquid, or
medicine, into which iron enters as an ingredient.
Cha*lyb"e*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Steel blue; of the color of tempered
steel.
Chal"y*bite (?), n.
(Min.) Native iron carbonate; -- usually called
siderite.
Cham (?), v. t. [See
Chap.] To chew. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Sir T. More.
Cham (?), n. [See
Khan.] The sovereign prince of Tartary; --
now usually written khan.
Shak.
Cha*made (?), n. [F.
chamade, fr. Pg. chamada, fr.
chamar to call, fr. L. clamare.]
(Mil.) A signal made for a parley by beat of a
drum.
They beat the chamade, and sent us carte
blanche.
Addison.
\'d8Cha"mal (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Angora goat. See
Angora goat, under Angora.
Cham"ber (?), n. [F.
chambre, fr. L. camera vault, arched roof,
in LL. chamber, fr. Gr. kmar to be crooked. Cf.
Camber, Camera, Comrade.]
1. A retired room, esp. an upper room used for
sleeping; a bedroom; as, the house had four
chambers.
<-- p. 238 -->
2. pl. Apartments in a lodging
house. \'bdA bachelor's life in chambers.\'b8
Thackeray.
3. A hall, as where a king gives audience, or a
deliberative body or assembly meets; as, presence
chamber; senate chamber.
4. A legislative or judicial body; an assembly; a
society or association; as, the Chamber of Deputies;
the Chamber of Commerce.
5. A compartment or cell; an inclosed space or
cavity; as, the chamber of a canal lock; the
chamber of a furnace; the chamber of the
eye.
6. pl. (Law.) A room or
rooms where a lawyer transacts business; a room or rooms where a
judge transacts such official business as may be done out of
court.
7. A chamber pot. [Colloq.]
8. (Mil.) (a) That part of the
bore of a piece of ordnance which holds the charge, esp. when of
different diameter from the rest of the bore; -- formerly, in
guns, made smaller than the bore, but now larger, esp. in
breech-loading guns. (b) A cavity in a mine,
usually of a cubical form, to contain the powder.
(c) A short piece of ornance or cannon, which stood
on its breech, without any carriage, formerly used chiefly for
rejoicings and theatrical cannonades.
Air chamber. See Air chamber, in the
Vocabulary. -- Chamber of commerce, a board
or association to protect the interests of commerce, chosen from
among the merchants and traders of a city. -- Chamber
council, a secret council. Shak. --
Chamber counsel counselor, a counselor who gives his
opinion in private, or at his chambers, but does not advocate
causes in court. -- Chamber fellow, a chamber
companion; a roommate; a chum. -- Chamber
hangings, tapestry or hangings for a chamber. --
Chamber lye, urine. Shak. --
Chamber music, vocal or instrumental music adapted
to performance in a chamber or small apartment or audience room,
instead of a theater, concert hall, or chuch. --
Chamber practice (Law.), the practice
of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do
not appear in court. -- To sit at chambers,
to do business in chambers, as a judge.
Cham"ber (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chambered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chambering.] 1. To reside in
or occupy a chamber or chambers.
2. To be lascivious. [Obs.]
Cham"ber, v. t. 1. To shut up,
as inn a chamber.
Shak.
2. To furnish with a chamber; as, to
chamber a gun.
Cham"bered (?), a. Having a
chamber or chambers; as, a chambered shell; a
chambered gun.
Cham"ber*er (?), n. 1.
One who attends in a chamber; a chambermaid.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A civilian; a carpetmonger.
[Obs.]
Cham"ber*ing, n. Lewdness.
[Obs.]
Rom. xiii. 13.
Cham"ber*lain (?), n. [OF.
chamberlain, chambrelencF.
chambellon, OHG. chamerling,
chamarlinc, G. k\'84mmerling,
kammer chamber (fr. L. camera) +
-ling. See Chamber, and
-ling.] [Formerly written
chamberlin.] 1. An officer or
servant who has charge of a chamber or chambers.
2. An upper servant of an inn.
[Obs.]
3. An officer having the direction and management
of the private chambers of a nobleman or monarch; hence, in
Europe, one of the high officers of a court.
4. A treasurer or receiver of public money; as,
the chamberlain of London, of North Wales,
etc.
The lord chamberlain of England, an officer of
the crown, who waits upon the sovereign on the day of coronation,
and provides requisites for the palace of Westminster, and for
the House of Lords during the session of Parliament. Under him
are the gentleman of the black rod and other officers. His office
is distinct from that of the lord chamberlain of the
Household, whose functions relate to the royal
housekeeping.
Cham"ber*lain*ship, n. Office if a
chamberlain.
Cham"ber*maid` (?), n. 1.
A maidservant who has the care of chambers, making the beds,
sweeping, cleaning the rooms, etc.
2. A lady's maid. [Obs.]
Johnson.
\'d8Cham`ber*tin" (?), n. A red
wine from Chambertin near Dijon, in Burgundy.
Cham"brel (?), n. Same as
Gambrel.
\'d8Cha*meck" (?), n. [Native
Brazilian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of
spider monkey (Ateles chameck), having the thumbs
rudimentary and without a nail.
Cha*me"le*on (?), n. [L.
Chamaeleon, Gr. Humble, and
Lion.] (Zo\'94l.) A lizardlike
reptile of the genus Cham\'91leo, of several species,
found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The skin is covered with fine
granmulations; the tail is prehensile, and the body is much
compressed laterally, giving it a high back.
Anolis and allied genera
of the family Iguanid\'91. They are more slender in
form than the true chameleons, but have the same power of
changing their colors.
Chameleon mineral (Chem.), the
compound called potassium permanganate, a dark
violet, crystalline substance, KMnO4, which in
formation passes through a peculiar succession of color from
green to blue, purple, red, etc. See Potassium
permanganate, under Potassium.
Cha*me"le*on*ize (?), v. t. To
change into various colors. [R.]
Cham"fer (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] The surface formed by cutting away
the arris, or angle, formed by two faces of a piece of timber,
stone, etc.
Cham"fer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chamfered ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chamfering.(
1. (Carp.) To cut a furrow in, as in a
column; to groove; to channel; to flute.
2. To make a chamfer on.
Cham"fret (?), n. [See
Chamfron.] 1. (Carp.) A
small gutter; a furrow; a groove.
2. A chamfer.
Cham"fron (?), n. [F.
chanfrein.] (Anc. Armor) The
frontlet, or head armor, of a horse. [Written also
champfrain and chamfrain.]
Cham"let (?), n. See
Camlet. [Obs.]
Cham"ois, n. [F. chamois,
prob. fr. OG. gamz, G. gemse.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A small species of
antelope (Rupicapra tragus), living on the loftiest
mountain ridges of Europe, as the Alps, Pyrenees, etc. It
possesses remarkable agility, and is a favorite object of
chase.
2. A soft leather made from the skin of the
chamois, or from sheepskin, etc.; -- called also chamois
leather, and chammy or
shammy leather. See Shammy.
Cham"o*mile (?), n.
(Bot.) See Camomile.
Champ (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Champed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Champing.] [Prob, of Scand. orgin; cf.
dial. Sw. k\'84msa to chew with difficulty, champ; but
cf. also OF. champier, champeyer,
champoyer, to graze in fields, fr. F. champ
field, fr. L. campus. Cf. Camp.]
1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth so as
to be heard.
Foamed and champed the golden bit.
Dryden.
2. To bite into small pieces; to crunch.
Steele.
Champ, v. i. To bite or chew
impatiently.
They began . . . irefully to champ upon the
bit.
Hooker.
{ Champ, Champe, } n.
[F. champ, L. campus field.]
(Arch.) The field or ground on which carving
appears in relief.
Cham*pagne" (?), n. [F. See
Champaign.] A light wine, of several kinds,
originally made in the province of Champagne, in France.
Champagne properly includes several kinds
not only of sparkling but off still wines; but in America the
term is usually restricted to wines which effervesce.
Cham*paign" (?), n. [OF.
champaigne; same word as campagne.]
A flat, open country.
Fair champaign, with less rivers interveined.
Milton.
Through Apline vale or champaign wide.
Wordsworth.
Cham*paign", a. Flat; open; level.
A wide, champaign country, filled with herds.
Addison.
Champ"er (?), n. One who
champs, or bites.
Cham"per*tor (?), n. [F.
champarteur a divider of fields or field rent. See
Champerty.] (Law) One guilty of
champerty; one who purchases a suit, or the right of suing, and
carries it on at his own expense, in order to obtain a share of
the gain.
Cham"per*ty (?), n. [F.
champart field rent, L. campipars;
champ (L. campus) field + part
(L. pars) share.] 1.
Partnership in power; equal share of authority.
[Obs.]
Beaut\'82 ne sleighte, strengthe ne hardyness,
Ne may with Venus holde champartye.
Chaucer.
2. (Law) The prosecution or defense of a
suit, whether by furnishing money or personal services, by one
who has no legitimate concern therein, in consideration of an
agreement that he shall receive, in the event of success, a share
of the matter in suit; maintenance with the addition of an
agreement to divide the thing in suit. See
Maintenance.
agreement of this nature. From early times the offence
of champerty has been forbidden and punishable.
Cham*pi"gnon (?), n. [F., a
mushroom, ultimately fr. L. campus field. See
Camp.] (Bot.) An edible species of
mushroom (Agaricus campestris).
Fairy ring champignon, the Marasmius
oreades, which has a strong flavor but is edible.
Chap"pi*on (?), n. [F.
champion, fr. LL.campio, of German origin;
cf. OHG. chempho, chemphio, fighter,
champf, G. kampf, contest; perh. influenced
by L. campus field, taken in the sense of \'bdfield of
battle.\'b8] 1. One who engages in any
contest; esp. one who in ancient times contended in single combat
in behalf of another's honor or rights; or one who acts or speaks
in behalf of a person or a cause; a defender; an advocate; a
hero.
A stouter champion never handled sword.
Shak.
Champions of law and liberty.
Fisher Ames.
2. One who by defeating all rivals, has obtained an
acknowledged supremacy in any branch of athetics or game of
skill, and is ready to contend with any rival; as, the
champion of England.
Champion is used attributively in the
sense of surpassing all competitors;
overmastering; as, champion pugilist;
champion chess player.
Syn. -- Leader; chieftain; combatant; hero; warrior;
defender; protector.
Cham"pi*on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Championed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Championing.] [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To furnish with a champion; to attend or defend
as champion; to support or maintain; to protect.
Championed or unchampioned, thou diest.
Sir W. Scott.
Cham"pi*on*ness (?), n. A
female champion.
Fairfax.
Cham"pi*on*ship, n. State of being
champion; leadership; supremancy.
Cham*plain" pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.)
A subdivision of the Quaternary age immediately following
the Glacial period; -- so named from beds near Lake
Champlain.
\'d8Cham*sin" (?), n.
[F.] See Kamsin.
Chance (?), n. [F.
chance, OF. cheance, fr. LL.
cadentia a allusion to the falling of the dice), fr.
L. cadere to fall; akin to Skr. \'87ad to
fall, L. cedere to yield, E.
cede. Cf. Cadence.] 1. A
supposed material or psychical agent or mode of activity other
than a force, law, or purpose; fortune; fate; -- in this sense
often personifed.
It is strictly and philosophically true in nature and reason
that there is no such thing as chance or accident; it
being evident that these words do not signify anything really
existing, anything that is truly an agent or the cause of any
event; but they signify merely men's ignorance of the real and
immediate cause.
Samuel Clark.
Any society into which chance might throw him.
Macaulay.
That power
Which erring men call Chance.
Milton.
2. The operation or activity of such agent.
By chance a priest came down that way.
Luke x. 31.
3. The supposed effect of such an agent; something
that befalls, as the result of unknown or unconsidered forces;
the issue of uncertain conditions; an event not calculated upon;
an unexpected occurrence; a happening; accident; fortuity;
casualty.
It was a chance that happened to us.
1 Sam. vi. 9.
The Knave of Diamonds tries his wily arts,
And wins (O shameful chance!) the Queen of Hearts.
Pope.
I spake of most disastrous chance.
Shak.
4. A possibity; a likelihood; an opportunity; --
with reference to a doubtful result; as, a chance
result; as, a chance to escape; a
chance for life; the chances are all against
him.
So weary with disasters, tugged with fortune.
That I would get my life on any chance,
To mend it, or be rid on't
Shak.
5. (Math.) Probability.
chance
is the ratio of frequency with which an event happens in the long
run. If an event may happen in a ways and may fail in
b ways, and each of these a + b
ways is equally likely, the chance, or probability,
that the event will happen is measured by the fraction
a/(a + b), and the chance, or
probability, that it will fail is measured by b/(a +
b).
Chance comer, one who, comes
unexpectedly. -- The last chance, the sole
remaining ground of hope. -- The main chance,
the chief opportunity; that upon which reliance is had, esp.
self-interest. -- Theory of chances,
Doctrine of chances (Math.),
that branch of mathematics which treats of the probability of
the occurrence of particular events, as the fall of dice in given
positions. -- To mind one's chances, to take
advantage of every circumstance; to seize every
opportunity.
Chance, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chanced (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chancing.] To happen, come, or
arrive, without design or expectation. \'bdThings that
chance daily.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
If a bird's nest chance to be before thee.
Deut. xxii. 6.
I chanced on this letter.
Shak.
Often used impersonally; as, how chances
it?
How chance, thou art returned so soon?
Shak.
Chance, v. t. 1. To take the
chances of; to venture upon; -- usually with it as
object.
Come what will, I will chance it.
W. D. Howells.
2. To befall; to happen to.
[Obs.]
W. Lambarde.
Chance, a. Happening by chance;
casual.
Chance, adv. By chance; perchance.
Gray.
Chance"a*ble (?), a.
Fortuitous; casual. [Obs.]
Chance"a*bly, adv. By chance.
[Obs.]
Chance"ful (?), a.
Hazardous. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Chan"cel (?), n. [OF.
chancel, F. chanceau, cancel,
fr. L. cancelli lattices, crossbars. (The
chancel was formerly inclosed with lattices or
crossbars) See Cancel, v. t.]
(Arch.) (a) That part of a church,
reserved for the use of the clergy, where the altar, or communion
table, is placed. Hence, in modern use; (b)
All that part of a cruciform church which is beyond the line
of the transept farthest from the main front.
Chancel aisle (Arch.), the aisle
which passes on either side of or around the chancel. --
Chancel arch (Arch.), the arch which
spans the main opening, leading to the chancel -- Chancel
casement, the principal window in a chancel.
Tennyson. -- Chancel table, the
communion table.
Chan"cel*ler*y (?), n. [Cf.
Chancery.] Chancellorship.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Chan"cel*lor (?), n. [OE.
canceler, chaunceler, F.
chancelier, LL. cancellarius chancellor, a
director of chancery, fr. L. cancelli lattices,
crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See
Chancel.] A judicial court of chancery, which
in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with
equity jurisdiction.
chancellor was originally a chief
scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was
invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the
other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office
passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the
principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most
countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state,
keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the
supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the
crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In
France a secretary is in some cases called a
chancellor. In Scotland, the appellation is given to
the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire,
the chancellor is the president of the federal council
and the head of the imperial administration. In the United
States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of
chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate
States.
Blackstone. Wharton.
Chancellor of a bishop, of a
diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a
law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese,
and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. --
Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief
dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an
officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special
reference to the cultivation of theology. -- Chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or
his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held.
This is a special jurisdiction. -- Chancellor of a
university, the chief officer of a collegiate body. In
Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of
years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it
devolving on the vice chancellor. -- Chancellor of the
exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon whom
devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the
highest finance minister of the government. --
Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other
military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and
mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the
register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the
seal of their order. -- Lord high chancellor of
England, the presiding judge in the court of chancery,
the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay
person of the state after the blood royal. He is created
chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of
which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and
prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription.
Chan"cel*lor*ship (?), n. The
office of a chancellor; the time during which one is
chancellor.
Chance"-med`ley (?), n.
[Chance + medley.] 1.
(Law) The kiling of another in self-defense upon
a sudden and unpremeditated encounter. See
Chaud-Medley.
Bouvier.
2. Luck; chance; accident.
Milton. Cowper.
Chan"cer*y (?), n. [F.
chancellerie, LL. cancellaria, from L.
cancellarius. See Chancellor, and cf.
Chancellery.] 1. In England,
formerly, the highest court of judicature next to the Parliament,
exercising jurisdiction at law, but chiefly in equity; but under
the jurisdiction act of 1873 it became the chancery division of
the High Court of Justice, and now exercises jurisdiction only in
equity.
2. In the Unites States, a court of equity; equity;
proceeding in equity.
courts of chancery is
usually applied; but, in American law, the terms
equity and court of equity are more
frequently employed than the corresponding terms
chancery and court of chancery.
Burrill.
Inns of chancery. See under Inn.
-- To get (or to hold) In chancery
(Boxing), to get the head of an antagonist under
one's arm, so that one can pommel it with the other fist at will;
hence, to have wholly in One's power. The allusion is to the
condition of a person involved in the chancery court, where he
was helpless, while the lawyers lived upon his estate.
Chan"cre (?), n. [F.
chancere. See Cancer.]
(Med.) A venereal sore or ulcer; specifically,
the initial lesion of true syphilis, whether forming a distinct
ulcer or not; -- called also hard chancre,
indurated chancre, and Hunterian
chancre.
Soft chancre. A chancroid. See
Chancroid.
Chan"croid (?), n.
[Chancre + -oil.]
(Med.) A venereal sore, resembling a chancre in
its seat and some external characters, but differing from it in
being the starting point of a purely local process and never of a
systemic disease; -- called also soft
chancre.
Chan"crous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chancreux.] (Med.) Of the nature
of a chancre; having chancre.
Chan`de*lier" (?), n. [F. See
Chandler.] 1. A candlestick, lamp,
stand, gas fixture, or the like, having several branches; esp.,
one hanging from the ceiling.
2. (Fort.) A movable parapet, serving to
support fascines to cover pioneers. [Obs.]
Chan"dler (?), n. [F.
chandelier a candlestick, a maker or seller of
candles, LL. candelarius chandler, fr. L.
candela candle. See Candle, and cf.
Chandelier.] 1. A maker or seller
of candles.
The chandler's basket, on his shoulder borne,
With tallow spots thy coat.
Gay.
2. A dealer in other commodities, which are
indicated by a word prefixed; as, ship chandler,
corn chandler.
Chan"dler*ly (?), a. Like a
chandler; in a petty way. [Obs.]
Milton.
Chan"dler*y (?), n. Commodities
sold by a chandler.
\'d8Chan*doo" (?), n. An
extract or preparation of opium, used in China and India for
smoking.
Balfour.
Chan"dry (?), n.
Chandlery. [Obs.] \'bdTorches from the
chandry.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Chan"frin (?), n. [F.
chanfrein. Cf. Chamfron.] The fore
part of a horse's head.
Change (?), v. t.
[Imp. & p. p. Changed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Changing.] [F. changer, fr.
LL. cambiare, to exchange, barter, L.
cambire. Cf. Cambial.] 1.
To alter; to make different; to cause to pass from one state
to another; as, to change the position, character,
or appearance of a thing; to change the
countenance.
Therefore will I change their glory into shame.
Hosea. iv. 7.
2. To alter by substituting something else for, or
by giving up for something else; as, to change the
clothes; to change one's occupation; to change
one's intention.
They that do change old love for new,
Pray gods, they change for worse!
Peele.
3. To give and take reciprocally; to exchange; --
followed by with; as, to change place, or
hats, or money, with another.
Look upon those thousands with whom thou wouldst not, for any
interest, change thy fortune and condition.
Jer. Taylor.
4. Specifically: To give, or receive, smaller
denominations of money (technically called change)
for; as, to change a gold coin or a bank
bill.
He pulled out a thirty-pound note and bid me change
it.
Goldsmith.
To change a horse, or To change hand
(Man.), to turn or bear the horse's head from one
hand to the other, from the left to right, or from the right to
the left. -- To change hands, to change
owners. -- To change one's tune, to become
less confident or boastful. [Colloq.] --
To change step, to take a break in the regular
succession of steps, in marching or walking, as by bringing the
hollow of one foot against the heel of the other, and then
stepping off with the foot which is in advance.
Syn. -- To alter; vary; deviate; substitute; innovate;
diversify; shift; veer; turn. See Alter.
Change, v. i. 1. To be altered;
to undergo variation; as, men sometimes change for
the better.
For I am Lord, I change not.
Mal. iii. 6.
2. To pass from one phase to another; as, the
moon changes to-morrow night.
Change, n. [F. change, fr.
changer. See Change. v. t.]
1. Any variation or alteration; a passing from one
state or form to another; as, a change of
countenance; a change of habits or
principles.
Apprehensions of a change of dynasty.
Hallam.
All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my
change come.
Job xiv. 14.
2. A succesion or substitution of one thing in the
place of another; a difference; novelty; variety; as, a
change of seasons.
Our fathers did for change to France repair.
Dryden.
The ringing grooves of change.
Tennyson.
3. A passing from one phase to another; as, a
change of the moon.
4. Alteration in the order of a series;
permutation.
5. That which makes a variety, or may be
substituted for another.
Thirty change (R.V. changes) of
garments.
Judg. xiv. 12.
6. Small money; the money by means of which the
larger coins and bank bills are made available in small dealings;
hence, the balance returned when payment is tendered by a coin or
note exceeding the sum due.
7. [See Exchange.] A place
where merchants and others meet to transact business; a building
appropriated for mercantile transactions. [Colloq.
for Exchange.]
8. A public house; an alehouse.
[Scot.]
They call an alehouse a change.
Burt.
9. (Mus.) Any order in which a number of
bells are struck, other than that of the diatonic scale.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in
ringing.
Holder.
Change of life, the period in the life of a
woman when menstruation and the capacity for conception cease,
usually occurring between forty-five and fifty years of age.
-- Change ringing, the continual production,
without repetition, of changes on bells, See def. 9. above.
-- Change wheel (Mech.), one of a set
of wheels of different sizes and number of teeth, that may be
changed or substituted one for another in machinery, to produce a
different but definite rate of angular velocity in an axis, as in
cutting screws, gear, etc. -- To ring the changes
on, to present the same facts or arguments in variety
of ways.
Syn. -- Variety; variation; alteration; mutation;
transition; vicissitude; innovation; novelty; transmutation;
revolution; reverse.
Change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Changeableness.
Change"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
changeable.] 1. Capable of change;
subject to alteration; mutable; variable; fickle; inconstant;
as, a changeable humor.
2. Appearing different, as in color, in different
lights, or under different circumstances; as,
changeable silk.
Syn. -- Mutable; alterable; variable; inconstant; fitful;
vacillating; capricious; fickle; unstable; unsteady; unsettled;
wavering; erratic; giddy; volatile.
Change"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being changeable; fickleness; inconstancy; mutability.
Change"a*bly, adv. In a changeable
manner.
Change"ful (?), a. Full of
change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
Pope.
His course had been changeful.
Motley.
-- Change"ful*ly, adv. --
Change"ful*ness, n.
Change"less, a. That can not be changed;
constant; as, a changeless purpose.
-- Change"less*ness,
n.
Change"ling, n. [Change +
-ling.] 1. One who, or that which,
is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by
fairies.
Such, men do changelings call, so changed by
fairies' theft.
Spenser.
The changeling [a substituted writing] never
known.
Shak.
2. A simpleton; an idiot.
Macaulay.
Changelings and fools of heaven, and thence shut
out.
Wildly we roam in discontent about.
Dryden.
3. One apt to change; a waverer. \'bdFickle
changelings.\'b8
Shak.
Change"ling, a. 1. Taken or
left in place of another; changed. \'bdA little
changeling boy.\'b8
Shak.
2. Given to change; inconstant.
[Obs.]
Some are so studiously changeling.
Boyle.
Chan"ger (?), n. 1.
One who changes or alters the form of anything.
2. One who deals in or changes money.
John ii. 14.
3. One apt to change; an inconstant person.
\'d8Chank" (?), n. [Skr.
\'87a\'efkha. See Conch.]
(Zo\'94l.) The East Indian name for the large
spiral shell of several species of sea conch much used in making
bangles, esp. Turbinella pyrum. Called also
chank chell.
Chan"nel (?), n. [OE.
chanel, canel, OF. chanel, F.
chenel, fr. L. canalis. See
Canal.] 1. The hollow bed where a
stream of water runs or may run.
2. The deeper part of a river, harbor, strait,
etc., where the main current flows, or which affords the best and
safest passage for vessels.
3. (Geog.) A strait, or narrow sea,
between two portions of lands; as, the British
Channel.
4. That through which anything passes; means of
passing, conveying, or transmitting; as, the news was
conveyed to us by different channels.
The veins are converging channels.
Dalton.
At best, he is but a channel to convey to the
National assembly such matter as may import that body to
know.
Burke.
5. A gutter; a groove, as in a fluted column.
6. pl. [Cf. Chain
wales.] (Naut.) Flat ledges of heavy
plank bolted edgewise to the outside of a vessel, to increase the
spread of the shrouds and carry them clear of the bulwarks.
Channel bar, Channel iron
(Arch.), an iron bar or beam having a section
resembling a flat gutter or channel. -- Channel
bill (Zo\'94l.), a very large Australian
cucko (Scythrops Nov\'91hollandi\'91. --
Channel goose. (Zo\'94l.) See
Gannet.
Chan"nel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Channeled (?), or Channelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Channeling, or
Channelling.] 1. To form a
channel in; to cut or wear a channel or channels in; to
groove.
No more shall trenching war channel her fields.
Shak.
2. To course through or over, as in a
channel.
Cowper.
Chan"nel*ing, n. 1. The act or
process of forming a channel or channels.
2. A channel or a system of channels; a
groove.
Chan"son, n. [F., fr. L.
cantion song. See Cantion,
Canzone.] A song.
Shak.
\'d8Chan`son*nette" (?), n.;
pl. Chansonnettes (#). [F.,
dim. of chanson.] A little song.
These pretty little chansonnettes that he sung.
Black.
Chant (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chanted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Chanting.] [F.
chanter, fr. L. cantare, intens. of
canere to sing. Cf. Cant affected speaking,
and see Hen.] 1. To utter with a
melodious voice; to sing.
The cheerful birds . . . do chant sweet music.
Spenser.
2. To celebrate in song.
The poets chant in the theaters.
Bramhall.
3. (Mus.) To sing or recite after the
manner of a chant, or to a tune called a chant.
Chant, v. i. 1. To make melody
with the voice; to sing. \'bdChant to the sound
of the viol.\'b8
Amos vi. 5.
2. (Mus.) To sing, as in reciting a
chant.
To chant (chaunt)
horses, to sing their praise; to overpraise;
to cheat in selling. See Chaunter.
Thackeray.
Chant, n.[F. chant, fr. L.
cantus singing, song, fr. canere to sing.
See Chant, v. t.] 1.
Song; melody.
2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody,
divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical
psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of
choral music.
3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.
4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone.
[R.]
His strange face, his strange chant.
Macaulay.
Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian.
Chant royal [F.], in old French poetry,
a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a
concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a
common refrain. -- Gregorian chant. See under
Gregorian.
\'d8Chan`tant" (?), a. [F.
singing.] (Mus.) Composed in a melodious
and singing style.
Chant"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
chanteur.] 1. One who chants; a
singer or songster.
Pope.
2. The chief singer of the chantry.
J. Gregory.
3. The flute or finger pipe in a bagpipe. See
Bagpipe.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The hedge sparrow.
\'d8Chan`te*relle" (?), n.
[F.] (Bot.) A name for several species
of mushroom, of which one (Cantharellus cibrius) is
edible, the others reputed poisonous.
Chan"ti*cleer (?), n. [F.
Chanteclair, name of the cock in the Roman du
Renart (Reynard the Fox); chanter to
chant + clair clear. See Chant, and
Clear.] A cock, so called from the clearness
or loundness of his voice in crowing.
Chant"ing (?), n. Singing, esp.
as a chant is sung.
Chanting falcon (Zo\'94l.), an
African falcon (Melierax canorus or musicus). The male
has the habit, remarkable in a bird of prey, of singing to his
mate, while she is incubating.
Chant"or (?), n. A
chanter.
Chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chanteresse.] A female chanter or
singer.
Milton.
<-- p. 240 -->
Chant"ry (?), n.; pl.
Chantries (#). [OF.
chanterie, fr. chanter to sing.]
1. An endowment or foundation for the chanting of
masses and offering of prayers, commonly for the founder.
2. A chapel or altar so endowed.
Cowell.
Cha"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by
means of apperances in the air.
Cha"os (?), n. [L.
chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
1. An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning
chasm. [Archaic]
Between us and there is fixed a great chaos.
Luke xvi. 26 (Rhemish Trans. ).
2. The confused, unorganized condition or mass of
matter before the creation of distinct and order forms.
3. Any confused or disordered collection or state
of things; a confused mixture; confusion; disorder.
Cha*ot"ic (?), a. Resembling
chaos; confused.
Cha*ot"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a
chaotic manner.
Chap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chapped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chapping.] [See Chop to
cut.] 1. To cause to open in slits or chinks;
to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.
Then would unbalanced heat licentious reign,
Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain.
Blackmore.
Nor winter's blast chap her fair face.
Lyly.
2. To strike; to beat. [Scot.]
Chap, v. i. 1. To crack or open
in slits; as, the earth chaps; the hands
chap.
2. To strike; to knock; to rap.
[Scot.]
Chap, n. [From Chap, v. t.
& i.] 1. A cleft, crack, or chink, as
in the surface of the earth, or in the skin.
2. A division; a breach, as in a party.
[Obs.]
Many clefts and chaps in our council board.
T. Fuller.
3. A blow; a rap. [Scot.]
Chap (?), n. [OE.
chaft; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel kjaptr
jaw, Sw. K\'84ft, D. ki\'91ft; akin to G.
kiefer, and E. jowl. Cf.
Chops.] 1. One of the jaws or the
fleshy covering of a jaw; -- commonly in the plural, and used of
animals, and colloquially of human beings.
His chaps were all besmeared with crimson
blood.
Cowley.
He unseamed him [Macdonald] from the nave to the
chaps.
Shak.
2. One of the jaws or cheeks of a vise, etc.
Chap (?), n. [Perh. abbreviated
fr. chapman, but used in a more general sense; or cf.
Dan. ki\'91ft jaw, person, E. chap
jaw.] 1. A buyer; a chapman.
[Obs.]
If you want to sell, here is your chap.
Steele.
2. A man or boy; a youth; a fellow.
[Colloq.]
Chap, v. i. [See
Cheapen.] To bargain; to buy.
[Obs.]
\'d8Cha`par*ral" (?), n. [Sp.,
fr. chaparro an evergeen oak.] 1.
A thicket of low evergreen oaks.
2. An almost impenetrable thicket or succession of
thickets of thorny shrubs and brambles.
Chaparral cock; fem.
Chaparral hen (Zo\'94l.), a bird
of the cuckoo family (Geococcyx Californianus), noted
for running with great speed. It ranges from California to Mexico
and eastward to Texas; -- called also road
runner, ground cuckoo,
churea, and snake
killer<--; it is the state bird of New Mexico
-->.
Chap"book` (?), n. [See
Chap to cheapen.] Any small book carried
about for sale by chapmen or hawkers. Hence, any small book; a
toy book.
Chape (?), n. [F., a
churchman's cope, a cover, a chape, fr. L. cappa. See
Cap.] 1. The piece by which an
object is attached to something, as the frog of a scabbard or the
metal loop at the back of a buckle by which it is fastened to a
strap.
2. The transverse guard of a sword or dagger.
3. The metal plate or tip which protects the end of
a scabbard, belt, etc.
Knight.
Cha`peau" (?), n.; pl.
Chapeux (#). [F., fr. OF.
chapel hat. See Chaplet.] 1.
hat or covering for the head.
2. (Her.) A cap of maintenance. See
Maintenance.
\'d8Chapeau bras ( [F.
chapeau hat + bras arm], a hat so
made that it can be compressed and carried under the arm without
injury. Such hats were particularly worn on dress occasions by
gentlemen in the 18th century. A chapeau bras is now
worn in the United States army by general and staff
officers.
Chaped (?), p. p.
Furnished with a chape or chapes. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chap"el (?), n. [OF.
chapele, F. chapelle, fr. LL.
capella, orig., a short cloak, hood, or cowl; later, a
reliquary, sacred vessel, chapel; dim. of cappa,
capa, cloak, cape, cope; also, a covering for the
head. The chapel where St. Martin's cloak was preserved as a
precious relic, itself came to be called capella,
whence the name was applied to similar paces of worship, and the
guardian of this cloak was called capellanus, or
chaplain. See Cap, and cf. Chaplain.,
Chaplet.] 1. A subordinate place of
worship; as, (a) a small church, often a
private foundation, as for a memorial; (b) a
small building attached to a church; (c) a
room or recess in a church, containing an altar.
chapels are usually annexed in the
recesses on the sides of the aisles.
Gwilt.
2. A place of worship not connected with a church;
as, the chapel of a palace, hospital, or
prison.
3. In England, a place of worship used by
dissenters from the Established Church; a meetinghouse.
4. A choir of singers, or an orchastra, attached to
the court of a prince or nobleman.
5. (Print.) (a) A printing
office, said to be so called because printing was first carried
on in England in a chapel near Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of workmen in a printing
office.
Chapel of ease. (a) A chapel or
dependent church built for the ease or a accommodation of an
increasing parish, or for parishioners who live at a distance
from the principal church. (b) A privy.
(Law) -- Chapel master, a
director of music in a chapel; the director of a court or
orchestra. -- To build a chapel
(Naut.), to chapel a ship. See Chapel,
v. t., 2. -- To hold a chapel, to
have a meeting of the men employed in a printing office, for the
purpose of considering questions affecting their
interests.
Chap"el (?), v. t. 1.
To deposit or inter in a chapel; to enshrine.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
2. (Naut.) To cause (a ship taken aback
in a light breeze) so to turn or make a circuit as to recover,
without bracing the yards, the same tack on which she had been
sailing.
Chape"less (?), a. Without a
chape.
Chap"e*let (?), n. [F. See
Chaplet.] 1. A pair of Straps, with
stirrups, joined at the top and fastened to the pommel or the
frame of the saddle, after they have been adjusted to the
convenience of the rider. [Written also
chaplet.]
2. A kind of chain pump, or dredging machine.
Chap"el*la*ny (?), n.; pl.
Chapellanies (#). [Cf. E.
chapellenie, LL. capellania. See
Chaplain.] A chapel within the jurisdiction of a
church; a subordinate ecclesiastical foundation.
Chap"el*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapelerie.] The territorial disrict
legally assigned to a chapel.
Chap"er*on (?), n. [F.
chaperon. See Chape, Cape,
Cap.] 1. A hood; especially, an
ornamental or an official hood.
His head and face covered with a chaperon, out of
which there are but two holes to look through.
Howell.
2. A divice placed on the foreheads of horses which
draw the hearse in pompous funerals.
3. A matron who accompanies a young lady in public,
for propriety, or as a guide and protector.
Chap"er*on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chaperoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chaperoning.] [Cf. F.
chaperonner, fr. chaperon.] To
attend in public places as a guide and protector; to
matronize.
Fortunately Lady Bell Finley, whom I had promised to
chaperon, sent to excuse herself.
Hannah More.
Chap"er*on`age (?), n.
Attendance of a chaperon on a lady in public; protection
afforded by a chaperon.
Chap"fall`en (?), a. Having the
lower chap or jaw drooping, -- an indication of humiliation and
dejection; crestfallen; discouraged. See
Chopfallen.
Chap"i*ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitel, F. chapiteau, from L.
capitellum, dim. of caput head. Cf.
Capital, Chapter.] 1.
(Arch.) A capital [Obs.] See
Chapital.
Ex. xxxvi. 38.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A summary in writing
of such matters as are to be inquired of or presented before
justices in eyre, or justices of assize, or of the peace, in
their sessions; -- also called articles.
Jacob.
Chap"lain (?), n. [F.
chapelain, fr. LL. capellanus, fr.
capella. See Chapel.] 1.
An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs religious
service in a chapel.
2. A clergyman who is officially atteched to the
army or navy, to some public institution, or to a family or
court, for the purpose of performing divine service.
3. Any person (clergyman or layman) chosen to
conduct religious exercises for a society, etc.; as, a
chaplain of a Masonic or a temperance lodge.
Chap"lain*cy (?), n.; pl.
Chaplaincies (. The office,
position, or station of a chaplain.
Swift.
Chap"lain*ship, n. 1. The
office or business of a chaplain.
The Bethesda of some knight's chaplainship.
Milton.
2. The possession or revenue of a chapel.
Johnson.
Chap"less (?), a. Having no
lower jaw; hence, fleshless. [R.] \'bdYellow,
chapless skulls.\'b8 Shak.
Chap"let (?), n. [F.
chapelet, dim. of OF. chapel hat, garland,
dim. fr. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf.
Chapelet, Chapeau.] 1. A
garland or wreath to be worn on the head.
2. A string of beads, or part of a string, used by
Roman Catholic in praying; a third of a rosary, or fifty
beads.
Her chaplet of beads and her missal.
Longfellow.
3. (Arch.) A small molding, carved into
beads, pearls, olives, etc.
4. (Man.) A chapelet. See
Chapelet, 1.
5. (Founding) A bent piece of sheet
iron, or a pin with thin plates on its ends, for holding a core
in place in the mold.
6. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head.
Johnson.
Chap"let, n. A small chapel or
shrine.
Chap"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chapleted.] To adorn with a
chaplet or with flowers.
R. Browning.
Chap"man (?), n.; pl.
Chapmen (#). [AS.
ce\'a0pman; ce\'a0p trade + man
man; akin to D. koopman, Sw. k\'94pman,
Dan. ki\'94pmand, G. kaufmann.f.
Chap to cheapen, and see Cheap.]
1. One who buys and sells; a merchant; a buyer or a
seller. [Obs.]
The word of life is a quick commodity, and ought not, as a
drug to be obtruded on those chapmen who are unwilling
to buy it.
T. Fuller.
2. A peddler; a hawker.
Chap"py (?), Full of chaps; cleft; gaping;
open.
Chaps (?), n. pl. The jaws, or
the fleshy parts about them. See Chap. \'bdOpen
your chaps again.\'b8
Shak.
Chap"ter (?), n. [OF.
chapitre, F. chapitre, fr. L.
capitulum, dim. of caput head, the chief
person or thing, the principal division of a writing, chapter.
See Chief, and cf, Chapiter.] 1.
A division of a book or treatise; as, Genesis has fifty
chapters.
2. (Eccl.) (a) An assembly of
monks, or of the prebends and other clergymen connected with a
cathedral, conventual, or collegiate church, or of a diocese,
usually presided over by the dean.(b) A
community of canons or canonesses.(c) A
bishop's council.(d) A business meeting of
any religious community.
3. An organized branch of some society or
fraternity as of the Freemasons.
Robertson.
4. A meeting of certain organized societies or
orders.
5. A chapter house. [R.]
Burrill.
6. A decretal epistle.
Ayliffe.
7. A location or compartment.
In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom?
Shak.
Chapter head, Chapter
heading, that which stands at the head of a
chapter, as a title. -- Chapter house, a
house or room where a chapter meets, esp. a cathedral
chapter. -- The chapter of accidents,
chance. Marryat.
Chap"ter (?), v. t. 1.
To divide into chapters, as a book.
Fuller.
2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to
demand chapter and verse. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chap"trel (?), n. [See
Chapiter.] (Arch.) An
impost. [Obs.]
{ Char, Charr (?), }
n. [Ir. cear, Gael. ceara,
lit., red, blood-colored, fr. cear blood. So named
from its red belly.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus,
allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in
mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook
trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a
char.
Char, n. [F.] A car; a
chariot. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Char (?), n. [OE.
cherr, char a turning, time, work, AS.
cerr, cyrr, turn, occasion, business, fr.
cerran, cyrran, to turn; akin to OS.
k\'89rian, OHG. ch\'89ran, G.
kehren. Cf. Chore, Ajar.]
Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore.
[Written also chare.]
[Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave
To play till doomsday.
Shak.
{ Char, Chare, } v. t.
[See 3d Char.] 1. To perform;
to do; to finish. [Obs.]
Nores.
Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she
had hanged her husband.
Old Proverb.
2. To work or hew, as stone.
Oxf. Gloss.
{ Char, Chare, } v. i.
To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant;
to do small jobs.
Char (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Charred
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Charring.] [Prob. the same word as
char to perform (see Char, n.),
the modern use coming from charcoal, prop.
coal-turned, turned to coal.] 1.
To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce
to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.
2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to
char wood.
\'d8Cha"ra (?), n. [NL., of
uncertain origin.] (Bot.) A genus of
flowerless plants, having articulated stems and whorled branches.
They flourish in wet places.
\'d8Char`-a-bancs" (?), n.; pl.
Chars-a-banc (#). [F.]
A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running
lengthwise.
Char"act (?), n. A distinctive
mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
Character.
In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms.
Shak.
Char"ac*ter (?), n. [L., an
instrument for marking, character, Gr. caract\'8are.]
1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or
symbol.
It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world
but one sort of character for each letter to express
it to the eye.
Holder.
2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the
peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people;
as, an inscription in the Runic
character.
You know the character to be your brother's?
Shak.
3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities,
by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the
stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a
person or thing really is; nature; disposition.
The character or that dominion.
Milton.
Know well each Ancient's proper character;
His fable, subject, scope in every page;
Religion, Country, genius of his Age.
Pope.
A man of . . . thoroughly subservient
character.
Motley.
4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence;
individuality; as, he has a great deal of
character.
5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that
control the life; as, a man of character; his
character saves him from suspicion.
6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or
conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the
miserable character of a slave; in his
character as a magistrate; her character as a
daughter.
7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a
person or thing; reputation; as, a man's character
for truth and veracity; to give one a bad
character.
This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so
bad a character of it.
Addison.
8. A written statement as to behavior, competency,
etc., given to a servant. [Colloq.]
9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a
person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who
illustrates certain phases of character; as, Randolph was a
character; C\'91sar is a great historical
character.
10. One of the persons of a drama or novel.
character and
reputation were used distinctively. In truth,
character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed
to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of
others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing;
reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout
defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary
transgression; reputation may last through numerous
transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an
unfounded, accusation or aspersion.\'b8
Abbott.
Char"ac*ter, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Charactered (?).]
1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.]
These trees shall be my books.
And in their barks my thoughts I 'll character.
Shak.
2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to
describe; to characterize. [R.]
Mitford.
<-- p. 241 -->
Char"ac*ter*ism (?), n. [Gr.
A distinction of character; a
characteristic. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic (?), a. [Gr.
charact\'82ristique.]
Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character;
showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a
person or thing; peculiar; distinctive.
Characteristic clearness of temper.
Macaulay.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, n. 1. A
distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of
character; that which characterized.
Pope.
The characteristics of a true critic.
Johnson.
2. (Math.) The integral part (whether
positive or negative) of a logarithm.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al (?), a.
Characteristic.
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In a
characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.
Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of characterizing.
Char"ac*ter*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Characterized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Characterizing.] [LL.
characterizare, Gr. charact\'82riser.] 1. To make
distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make
with distinctive features.
European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are
Characterized.
Arbuthot.
2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
3. To indicate the character of; to describe.
Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to
characterize King William.
Johnson.
4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or express
the character of.
The softness and effeminacy which characterize the
men of rank in most countries.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style;
particularize; entitle.
Char"ac*ter*less, a. Destitute of any
distinguishing quality; without character or force.
Char"ac*ter*y (?), n. 1.
The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or
characters; symbolism; distinctive mark.
Fairies use flowers for their charactery.
Shak.
2. That which is charactered; the meaning.
[Obs.]
I will construe to thee
All the charactery of my sad brows.
Shak.
Cha*rade" (?), n. [F.
charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat, It
ciarlare to chat, whence E.
charlatan.] A verbal or acted enigma based
upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts,
each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from
the descriptions or representations.
Char"bo*cle (?), n.
Carbuncle. [Written also
Charboncle.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Char"bon (?), n. [F., coal,
charbon.] 1. (Far.) A small black
spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a
horse after the large spot or mark has become obliterated.
2. A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep,
horses, and cattle. See Maligmant pustule.
Char"coal` (?), n. [See
Char, v. t., to burn or to reduce to coal,
and Coal.] 1. Impure carbon prepared
from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring
wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is
used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical
processes.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared charcoal
in small sticks, used as a drawing implement.
Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by
calcining bones in a closed vessel; -- used as a filtering agent
in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant. --
Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of
burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances.
-- Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a
drawing made with charcoal. See Charcoal, 2. Until
within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively
for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished
drawings are made with it. -- Charcoal point,
a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric light
apparatus. -- Mineral charcoal, a term
applied to silky fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in
beds of ordinary bituminous coal; -- known to miners as
mother of coal.
Chard (?), n. [Cf. F.
carde esclent thistle.]
1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the
artichoke, white beet, etc., blanched for table use.
2. A variety of the white beet, which produces
large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.
Chare (?), n. A narrow
street. [Prov. Eng.]
Chare, n. & v. A chore; to chore; to do.
See Char.
Charge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Charged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Charging.] [OF. chargier, F.
charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr. L.
carrus wagon. Cf. Cargo, Caricature,
Cark, and see Car.] 1. To
lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to
fill.
A carte that charged was with hay.
Chaucer.
The charging of children's memories with rules.
Locke.
2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust;
to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to
urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to
charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an
agent.
Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord your
God.
Josh. xxii. 5.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fing away ambition.
Shak.
3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable
for.
When land shal be charged by any lien.
Kent.
4. To fix or demand as a prince; as, he
charges two dollars a barrelk for apples.
5. To place something to the account of as a debt;
to debit, as to charge one with goods. Also, to enter
upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge a
sum to one.
6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's
charge.
No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime
On native loth and negligence of time.
Dryden.
7. To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against
(a) person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for
something said or done) at the door of.
If the did that wrong you charge with.
Tennyson.
8. To place within or upon any firearm, piece of
apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to
hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun;
to charge an electrical machine, etc.
Their battering cannon charged to the mouths.
Shak.
9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to
charge an architectural member with a
molding.
10. (Her.) To assume as a bearing;
as, he charges three roses or; to add to or
represent on; as, he charges his shield with three
roses or.
11. To call to account; to challenge.
[Obs.]
To charge me to an answer.
Shak.
12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to
attack.
Charged our main battle's front.
Shak.
Syn. -- To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse;
impeach; arraign. See Accuse.
Charge (?), v. i. 1.
To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with
fixed bayonets.
Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in
iron.
Glanvill.
\'bdCharge for the guns!\'b8 he said.
Tennyson.
2. To demand a price; as, to charge
high for goods.
3. To debit on an account; as, to
charge for purchases.
4. To squat on its belly and be still; -- a command
given by a sportsman to a dog.
Charge (?), n. [F.
charge, fr. charger to load. See
Charge, v. t., and cf. Cargo,
Caricature.] 1. A load or burder
laid upon a person or thing.
2. A person or thing commited or intrusted to the
care, custody, or management of another; a trust.
charge of the clergyman who is set over them.
3. Custody or care of any person, thing, or place;
office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty.
'Tis a great charge to come under one body's
hand.
Shak.
4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. Harm. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. An order; a mandate or command; an
injunction.
The king gave cherge concerning Absalom.
2. Sam. xviii. 5.
7. An address (esp. an earnest or impressive
address) containing instruction or exhortation; as, the
charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a
bishop to his clergy.
8. An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation;
indictment; specification of something alleged.
The charge of confounding very different classes of
phenomena.
Whewell.
9. Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as
rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; -- usually in
the plural.
10. The price demanded for a thing or
service.
11. An entry or a account of that which is due from
one party to another; that which is debited in a business
transaction; as, a charge in an account
book.
12. That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity,
ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace,
machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or
which is actually in it at one time
13. The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy;
a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the
signal for attack; as, to sound the
charge.
Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter
charge upon the enemies.
Holland.
The charge of the light brigade.
Tennyson.
14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack;
as, to bring a weapon to the charge.
15. (Far.) A soft of plaster or
ointment.
16. (Her.) A bearing. See
Bearing, n., 8.
17. [Cf. Charre.] Thirty-six
pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; -- called
also charre.
18. Weight; import; value.
Many suchlike \'bdas's\'b8 of great charge.
Shak.
Back charge. See under Back,
a. -- Bursting charge. (a
(Mil.) The charge which bursts a shell,
etc. (b (Mining) A small quantity of
fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of coarse powder
in blasting. -- Charge and discharge (Equity
Practice), the old mode or form of taking an account
before a master in chancery. -- Charge sheet,
the paper on which are entered at a police station all
arrests and accusations. -- To sound the charge,
to give the signal for an attack.
Syn. -- Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense;
cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order;
mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.
Charge"a*ble (?), a. 1.
That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a
duty chargeable on iron; a fault chargeable on
a man.
2. Subject to be charge or accused; liable or
responsible; as, revenues chargeable with a claim; a
man chargeable with murder.
3. Serving to create expense; costly;
burdensome.
That we might not be chargeable to any of you.
2. Thess. iii. 8.
For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very
chargeable.
Evelyn.
Charge"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
Whitelocke.
Charge"a*bly (?), adv. At great
cost; expensively. [Obs.]
Char"geant (?), a. [F.
chargeant, fr. charger to load.]
Burdensome; troublesome. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Char`g\'82" d'af`faires" (?),
n.; pl. Charg\'82s d'affaires.
[F., \'bdcharged with affairs.\'b8] A diplomatic
representative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by
the government of one state to the minister of foreign affairs of
another; also, a substitute, ad interim, for an
ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.
Charge"ful (?), a. Costly;
expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful fashion.
Shak.
Charge"house` (?), n. A
schoolhouse. [Obs.]
Charge"less, a. Free from, or with
little, charge.
Char"geous (?), a.
Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man.
Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).
Char"ger (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which charges.
2. An instrument for measuring or inserting a
charge.
3. A large dish. [Obs.]
Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger.
Matt. xiv. 8.
4. A horse for battle or parade.
Macaulay.
And furious every charger neighed.
Campbell.
Char*ge"ship (?), n. The office
of a charg\'82 d'affaires.
Char"i*ly (?), adv. In a chary
manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.
Char"i*ness, n. The quality of being
chary.
Char"i*ot (?), n. [F.
Chariot, from char car. See
Car.] 1. (Antiq.) A
two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state processions,
etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the foot.
Cowper.
2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage,
having one seat.
Shak.
Char"i*ot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charioted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Charioting.] To convey in a
chariot.
Milton.
Char`i*ot*ee" (?), n. A light,
covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.
Char`i*ot*eer" (?), n.
1. One who drives a chariot.
2. (Astron.) A constellation. See
Auriga, and Wagones.
Cha"rism (?), n.
[Gr. .]
(Eccl.) A miraculously given power, as of
healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc.,
attributed to some of the early Christians.
Char`is*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a charism.
Char"i*ta*ble (?), a.[F. See
Charity.]
1. Full of love and good will; benevolent;
kind.
Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . .
. . . I will speak to thee.
Shak.
2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look
on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.
3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving
freely; generous; beneficent.
What charitable men afford to beggars.
Shak.
4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or
intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary;
as, a charitable institution.
5. Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient.
By a charitable construction it may be a
sermon.
L. Andrews.
Syn. -- Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient;
forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.
Char"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being charitable; the exercise of charity.
Char"i*ta*bly, adv. In a charitable
manner.
Char"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Charities (#). [F.
charit\'82 fr. L. caritas dearness, high
regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to
Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a
friend, W. caru to love. Cf. Caress.]
1. Love; universal benevolence; good will.
Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the
greatest of these is charity.
1. Cor. xiii. 13.
They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the
great charities . . . lie dead.
Ruskin.
With malice towards none, with charity for all.
Lincoln.
2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions;
a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on
the words and actions of others.
The highest exercise of charity is
charity towards the uncharitable.
Buckminster.
3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to
benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity.
The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido
to the Trojans, spake like a Christian.
Dryden.
4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy
or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness.
She did ill then to refuse her a charity.
L'Estrange.
5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create
and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's
charity.
6. pl. (Law) Eleemosynary
appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or
friendless, education, religious culture, and public
institutions.
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.
Wordsworth.
Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a
sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in
nursing the sick; -- a popular designation. There are various
orders of the Sisters of Charity.
Syn. -- Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness;
beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.
\'d8Cha*ri`va*ri" (?), n.
[F.] A mock serenade of discordant noises, made
with kettles, tin horns, etc., designed to annoy and
insult.
Chark (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
charcoal.] Charcoal; a cinder.
[Obs.]
DeFoe.
Chark, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charked (?).] To burn
to a coal; to char. [Obs.]
Char"la*tan (?), n. [F.
charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano, fr.
ciarlare to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf.
It. zirlare to whistle like a thrush.] One
who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable
pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a
mountebank.
<-- p. 242 -->
<-- p. 242 -->
{ Char`la*tan"ic (?),
Char`la*tan"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical;
pretentious; quackish. --
Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Char"la*tan*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
charlatanisme.] Charlatanry.
Char"la*tan*ry (?), n. [F.
charlatanrie, from It. ciarlataneria. See
Charlatan.] Undue pretensions to skill;
quackery; wheedling; empiricism.
Charles's Wain (?). [Charles +
wain; cf. AS. Carles w (for
w\'91gn), Sw. karlvagnen, Dan.
karlsvogn. See Churl, and
Wain.] (Astron.) The group of
seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the
constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear.
See Ursa major, under Ursa.
Char"lock (?), n. [AS.
cerlic; the latter part perh. fr. AS.
le\'a0c leek. Cf. Hemlock.]
(Bot.) A cruciferous plant (Brassica
sinapistrum) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It is
troublesome in grain fields. Called also
chardock, chardlock,
chedlock, and
kedlock.
Jointed charlock, White
charlock, a troublesome weed (Raphanus
Raphanistrum) with straw-colored, whitish, or purplish
flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.
Char"lotte (?), n. [F.]
A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices
of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and
baked.
Charlotte Russe (, or
\'d8Charlotte \'85 la russe [F., lit.,
Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish
composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge
cake.
Charm (?), n. [F.
charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse,
incantation, for casmen, akin to Skr.
\'87asman, \'87as\'be, a laudatory song,
from a root signifying to praise, to
sing.] 1. A melody; a song.
[Obs.]
With charm of earliest birds.
Milton.
Free liberty to chant our charms at will.
Spenser.
2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in
the practice of magic; a magical combination of words,
characters, etc.; an incantation.
My high charms work.
Shak.
3. That which exerts an irresistible power to
please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring
quality.
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the
soul.
Pope.
The charm of beauty's powerful glance.
Milton.
4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the
wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune.
5. Any small decorative object worn on the person,
as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of
charms are often worn at the watch chain.
Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment;
fascination; attraction.
Charm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charmed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Charming.] [Cf. F.
charmer. See Charm, n.]
1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. &
R.]
Here we our slender pipes may safely charm.
Spenser.
2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or
supernatural influence; to affect by magic.
No witchcraft charm thee!
Shak.
3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or
by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe.
Music the fiercest grief can charm.
Pope.
4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly;
to enchant; to fascinate.
They, on their mirth and dance
Intent, with jocund music charm his ear.
Milton.
5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by,
spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a
charmed life.
I, in my own woe charmed,
Could not find death.
Shak.
Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch;
allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.
Charm, v. i. 1. To use magic
arts or occult power; to make use of charms.
The voice of charmers, charming never so
wisely.
Ps. lviii. 5.
2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to
please greatly; to be fascinating.
3. To make a musical sound.
[Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Char"mel (?), n.
[Heb.] A fruitful field.
Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and
charmel shall be esteemed as a forest.
Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).
Charm"er (?), n. 1.
One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the
power of enchantment; a magician.
Deut. xviii. 11.
2. One who delights and attracts the
affections.
Charm"er*ess (?), n. An
enchantress.
Chaucer.
Charm"ful (?), a. Abounding
with charms. \'bdHis charmful lyre.\'b8
Cowley.
Charm"ing, a. Pleasing the mind or
senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating;
attractive.
How charming is divine philosophy.
Milton.
Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing;
alluring; fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely;
amiable; pleasing; winning.
-- Charm"ing*ly, adv. --
Charm"ing*ness, n.
Charm"less, a. Destitute of
charms.
Swift.
{ Char"ne*co, Char"ni*co (?)
}, n. A sort of sweet wine.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Char"nel (?), a. [F.
charnel carnal, fleshly, fr. L. carnalis.
See Carnal.] Containing the bodies of the
dead. \'bdCharnel vaults.\'b8
Milton.
Charnel house, a tomb, vault, cemetery, or
other place where the bones of the dead are deposited;
originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new
graves in old burial grounds.
Char"nel, n. A charnel house; a grave; a
cemetery.
In their proud charnel of Thermopyl\'91.
Byron.
Cha"ron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Cless. Myth.) The son of Erebus and
Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the
Styx, a river of the infernal regions.
Shak.
\'d8Char"pie (?), n. [F.,
properly fem. p. p. of OF. charpir, carpir,
to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. Carpet.]
(Med.) Straight threads obtained by unraveling
old linen cloth; -- used for surgical dressings.
\'d8Char"qui (?), n. [Sp. A
term used in South America, Central America, and the Western
United States.] Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips
and dried in the wind and sun.
Darwin.
Charr (?), n. See 1st
Char.
\'d8Char"ras (?), n. The gum
resin of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Same as
Churrus.
Balfour.
Charre (?), n. [LL.
charrus a certain weight.] See
Charge, n., 17.
Char"ry (?), a. [See 6th
Char.] Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking
of its qualities.
Chart (?), n. [A doublet of
card: cf. F. charte charter,
carte card. See Card, and cf.
Charter.] 1. A sheet of paper,
pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp.
when the information is arranged in tabular form; as, an
historical chart.
2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map
on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it
surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for
the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast Survey
charts; the English Admiralty
charts.
3. A written deed; a charter.
Globular chart, a chart constructed on a
globular projection. See under Globular. --
Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with its
spots. -- Mercator's chart, a chart
constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See
Projection. -- Plane chart, a
representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in
which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being
drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at
equal distances. -- Selenographic chart, a
map representing the surface of the moon. --
Topographic chart, a minute delineation of a
limited place or region.
Chart, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Charted.] To lay down in a
chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a
coast.
\'d8Char"ta (?), n. [L., leaf
of paper. See Chart.] (Law)
(a) Material on which instruments, books, etc., are
written; parchment or paper. (b) A charter or
deed; a writing by which a grant is made. See Magna
Charta.
Char*ta"ceous (?), a. [L.
chartaceus. See Charta.]
Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture;
papery.
\'d8Charte (?), n. [F. See
Chart.] The constitution, or fundamental law,
of the French monarchy, as established on the restoration of
Louis XVIII., in 1814.
Char"ter (?), n. [OF.
chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr.
L. chartula a little paper, dim. of charta.
See Chart, Card.] 1. A
written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts
made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance.
[Archaic]
2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign
power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing
rights, franchises, or privileges.
The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat
suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which was
required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the \'bdGreat
Charter,\'b8 either granted or secured very important
liberties and privileges to every order of men in the
kingdom.
Hume.
3. An act of a legislative body creating a
municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and
privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted
authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating
a lodge and defining its powers.
4. A special privilege, immunity, or
exemption.
My mother,
Who has a charter to extol her blood,
When she does praise me, grieves me.
Shak.
5. (Com.) The letting or hiring a vessel
by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a
vessel is hired or let; as, a ship is offered for sale or
charter. See Charter party,
below.
Charter land (O. Eng. Law), land
held by charter, or in socage; bookland. -- Charter
member, one of the original members of a society or
corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the
first proceedings under it. -- Charter party
[F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a
divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of
contract in two, and giving one part to each of the
contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a
vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let
the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to
another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for
his own account, either under their charge or his. --
People's Charter (Eng. Hist.), the
document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so
called, upon the English government in 1838.
Char"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chartered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chartering.] 1. To
establish by charter.
2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See
Charter party, under Charter,
n.
Char"tered (?), a. 1.
Granted or established by charter; having, or existing
under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.
The sufficiency of chartered rights.
Palfrey.
The air, a chartered libertine.
Shak.
2. Hired or let by charter, as a ship.
Char"ter*er (?), n. One who
charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.
Char"ter*house` (?), n. A well
known public school and charitable foundation in the building
once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in
London.
Char"ter*ist, n. Same as
Chartist.
Chart"ism (?), n. [F.
charte charter. Cf. Charte,
Chart.] The principles of a political party
in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the
vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts,
and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the
People's Charter.
Chart"ist (?), n. A supporter
or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]
Chart"less, a. 1. Without a
chart; having no guide.
2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague.
Barlow.
Char*tog"ra*pher (?), n.,
Char`to*graph"ic (, a.,
Char*tog"ra*phy (, n.,
etc. Same as Cartographer,
Cartographic, Cartography, etc.
Char"to*man`cy (?), n. [L.
charta paper + -mancy. Cf.
Cartomancy.] Divination by written paper or
by cards.
Char*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Chart + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring charts or maps.
\'d8Char`treuse" (?), n.
[F.] 1. A Carthusian monastery; esp.
La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in
the mountains near Grenoble, France.
2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic
herbs; -- made at La Grande Chartreuse.
\'d8Char`treux" (?), n.
[F.] A Carthusian.
Char"tu*la*ry (?), n. See
Cartulary.
Char"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Charwomen (#). [See Char
a chore.] A woman hired for odd work or for single
days.
Char"y (?), a. [AS.
cearig careful, fr. cearu care. See
Care.] Careful; wary; cautious; not rash,
reckless, or spendthrift; saving; frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary of his
fame.
Jeffrey.
Cha*ryb"dis (?), n. [L., Gr.
A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily
opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a
female monster. See Scylla.
Chas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being chased; fit for hunting.
Gower.
Chase (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chasing.]
[OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr.
(assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare to
strive to seize. See Catch.] 1. To
pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or
game; to hunt.
We are those which chased you from the field.
Shak.
Philologists, who chase
A panting syllable through time and place.
Cowper.
2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel
to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; -- often with
away or off; as, to chase the
hens away.
Chased by their brother's endless malice from
prince to prince and from place to place.
Knolles.
3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game.
Chasing each other merrily.
Tennyson.
Chase, v. i. To give chase; to hunt;
as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]
Chase, n. [Cf. F. chasse, fr.
chasser. See Chase, v.]
1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or
capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any
object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a
hunt. \'bdThis mad chase of fame.\'b8
Dryden.
You see this chase is hotly followed.
Shak.
2. That which is pursued or hunted.
Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase,
For I myself must hunt this deer to death.
Shak.
3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts,
and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest,
which is not private property, and from a park, which is
inclosed. Sometimes written chace.
[Eng.]
4. (Court Tennis) A division of the
floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot
where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the
adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point.
Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed
at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an
enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. --
Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from
which a chase gun is fired. -- Stern chase
(Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel
follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.
Chase, n. [F. ch\'a0se, fr.
L. capsa box, case. See Case a box.]
(Print.) 1. A rectangular iron frame in
which pages or columns of type are imposed.
2. (Mil.) The part of a cannon from the
re\'89nforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See
Cannon.
3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall;
a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.
4. (Shipbuilding) A kind of joint by
which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a
gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built
boats.
Chase, v. t. [A contraction of
enchase.] 1. To ornament (a
surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the
like.
2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.
Chas"er (?), n. 1. One
who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.
2. (Naut.) Same as Chase gun,
esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser.
See under Bow, Stern.
Chas"er, n. 1. One who chases
or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.
2. (Mech.) A tool with several points,
used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or
internal, on work revolving in a lathe.
Chas"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Chas"ing (?), n. The art of
ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of
ornamental work produced in this way.
Chasm (?), n. [L.
chasma, Gr. Chaos.] 1. A deep opening made by
disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss;
a cleft; a fissure.
That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the
green hill.
Coleridge.
2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of
men.
Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought.
Addison.
Chasmed (?), a. Having gaps or
a chasm. [R.]
Chas"my (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms.
Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed.
Wordsworth.
<-- p. 243 -->
Chas`se" (?), n. [F., fr.
chass\'82, p. p. of chasser to
chase.] A movement in dancing, as across or to the
right or left.
Chas`se", v. i. (Dancing) To
make the movement called chass\'82; as, all
chass\'82; chass\'82 to the right or
left.
Chas"se*las (?), n. [F., from
the village of Chasselas.] A white grape,
esteemed for the table.
\'d8Chasse`pot" (?), n. [From
the French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.]
(Mil.) A kind of breechloading, center-fire
rifle, or improved needle gun.
Chas`seur" (?), n. [F., a
huntsman. See Chase to pursue.] 1.
(Mil.) One of a body of light troops, cavalry or
infantry, trained for rapid movements.
2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth,
wearing a plume and sword.
The great chasseur who had announced her
arrival.
W. Irving.
Chas"sis (?), n. [F.
ch.] (Mil.) A traversing
base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a
barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See Gun
carriage.]
Chast (?), v. t. to
chasten. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chaste (?), a. [F.
chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf.
Gr. to purify.]
1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous;
continent. \'bdAs chaste as Diana.\'b8
Shak.
Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced.
Milton.
2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from
lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest;
as, a chaste mind; chaste eyes.
3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free
from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a
chaste style in composition or art.
That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence,
the Book of Common Prayer.
Macaulay.
4. Unmarried. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate;
spotless.
Chaste tree. Same as Agnus
castus.
Chaste"ly, adv. In a chaste manner; with
purity.
Chas"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chastened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastening.] [OE. chastien,
OF. Chastier, F. Ch, fr. L.
castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure
+ agere to lead, drive. See Chaste,
Act, and cf. Castigate,
Chastise.] 1. To correct by
punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to
discipline; as, to chasten a son with a
rod.
For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth.
Heb. xii. 6.
2. To purify from errors or faults; to
refine.
They [classics] chasten and enlarge the mind, and
excite to noble actions.
Layard.
Syn. -- To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate;
afflict; subdue; purify. To Chasten, Punish,
Chastise. To chasten is to subject to
affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change for
the better in life or character. To punish is to
inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority,
or intentional wrongdoing. To chastise is to punish a
particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope
that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of
faults.
Chas"tened (?), a. Corrected;
disciplined; refined; purified; toned down.
Sir. W. Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity.
Tennyson.
Chas"ten*er (?), n. One who
chastens.
Chaste"ness (?), n. 1.
Chastity; purity.
2. (Literature & Art) Freedom from all
that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; as,
chasteness of design.
Chas*tis"a*ble (?), a. Capable
or deserving of chastisement; punishable.
Sherwood.
Chas*tise" (?), v. t.
[imp & p. p. Chastised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastising.] [OE. chastisen;
chastien + ending -isen + modern
-ise, ize, L. izare, G. Chasten.] 1. To inflict pain upon,
by means of stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of
punishment or reformation; to punish, as with stripes.
How fine my master is! I am afraid
He will chastise me.
Shak.
I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists
thus discovered and chastised.
Boyle.
2. To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or
purify; to free from faults or excesses.
The gay, social sense, by decency chastised.
Thomson.
Syn. -- See Chasten.
Chas"tise*ment (?), n. [From
Chastise.] The act of chastising; pain
inflicted for punishment and correction; discipline;
punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars,
On equal terms to give him chastesement!
Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not offend any
more.
Job xxxiv. 31.
Chas*tis"er (?), n. One who
chastises; a punisher; a corrector.
Jer. Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich.
Burke.
Chas"ti*ty (?), n. [F.
chastet\'82, fr. L. castitas, fr.
castus. See Chaste.] 1.
The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from
unlawful sexual intercourse.
She . . . hath preserved her spotless chastity.
T. Carew.
2. Moral purity.
So dear to heaven is saintly chastity,
That, when a soul is found sicerely so
A thousand liveried angels lackey her.
Milton.
3. The unmarried life; celibacy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. (Literature & Art) Chasteness.
Chas"u*ble (?), n. [F.
chasuble, LL. casubula,
cassibula, casula, a hooded garment,
covering the person like a little house; cf. It.
casupola, casipola, cottage, dim of L.
casa cottage.] (Eccl.) The outer
vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the
Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a
narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only.
The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or
pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In
the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle.
[Written also chasible, and
chesible.]
Chat (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chatted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Chatting.] [From
Chatter. \'fb22.] To talk in a light and
familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to
gossip.
Shak.
To chat a while on their adventures.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.
Chat, v. t. To talk of.
[Obs.]
Chat, n. 1. Light, familiar
talk; conversation; gossip.
Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat,
With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus
Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The best
known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I.
viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In
Europe the name is given to several birds of the family
Saxicolid\'91, as the stonechat, and
whinchat.
Bush chat. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Bush.
Chat, n. 1. A twig, cone, or
little branch. See Chit.
2. pl. (Mining) Small
stones with ore.
Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as are
given to swine. [Local.]
\'d8Cha`teau" (?), n.; pl.
Chateux (#). [F.
ch\'83teau a castle. See Castle.]
1. A castle or a fortress in France.
2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the
manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal
residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the
chateau of the Luxembourg.
ch\'83teau-fort.
\'d8Chateau en Espagne (
[F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the
air, Spain being the region of romance.
Chat"e*laine (?), n. [F.
ch\'83telaine the wife of a castellan, the mistress of
a chateau, a chatelaine chain.] An ornamental hook, or
brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or
chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used
adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.
Chat"e*let (?), n. [F.
ch\'83telet, dim. of ch\'83teau.
See Castle.] A little
castle.
Chat"el*la*ny (?), n. [F.
ch\'83tellenie.] Same as
Castellany.
\'d8Cha`ti" (?), n. [Cf. F.
chat cat.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
South American species of tiger cat (Felis
mitis).
Cha*toy"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr.
of chatoyer to be chatoyant, fr. chat
cat.] (Min.) Having a changeable, varying
luster, or color, like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's
eye in the dark.
Cha*toy"ant, n. (Min.) A hard
stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a polished
surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.
Cha*toy"ment (?), n. [F.
chatoiement. See Chatoyant.]
Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of
colors.
Cleaceland.
Chat"tel (?), n. [OF.
chatel; another form of catel. See
Cattle.] (Law) Any item of movable
or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which
are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than
goods or effects.
Chattels are personal or real:
personal are such as are movable, as goods, plate,
money; real are such rights in land as are less than a
freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc.
Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage
on personal property, as distinguished from one on real
property.
Chat"tel*ism (?), n. The act or
condition of holding chattels; the state of being a
chattel.
Chat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chattering.] [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Chat, v. i. Chitter.]
1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble
language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.
The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters.
Wordsworth.
2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue
rapidity; to jabber; to prate.
To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering
tongue.
Shak.
3. To make a noise by rapid collisions.
With chattering teeth, and bristling hair
upright.
Dryden.
Chat"ter, v. t. To utter rapidly, idly,
or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to chatter.
Spenser.
Chat"ter, n. 1. Sounds like
those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk;
jabber; prattle.
Your words are but idle and empty chatter.
Longfellow.
2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in
shivering.
Chat*ter*a"tion (?), n. The act
or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]
Chat"ter*er (?), n. 1.
A prater; an idle talker.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the family
Ampelid\'91 -- so called from its monotonous note.
The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis
garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents.
In America the cedar bird is a more common
species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar
bird.
Chat"ter*ing (?), n. The act or
habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate
sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the
teeth; chatter.
Chat"ti*ness (?), n. The
quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and
pleasantly.
Chat"ty (?), a. Given to light,
familiar talk; talkative.
Lady M. W. Montagu.
\'d8Chat"ty, n. [Tamil
sh\'beti.] A porous earthen pot used in
India for cooling water, etc.
Chat"wood` (?), n.
[Chat a little stick + wood.]
Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel.
Johnson.
Chaud"-med`ley (?), n. [F.
chaude m\'88l\'82e; chaud hot +
m\'88ler (Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to
mingle.] (Law) The killing of a person in
an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of
passion, thus distinguished from chance-medley or
killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray.
Burrill.
Chau"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chauf"fer (?), n. [Cf. F.
chauffoir a kind of stone, fr. chauffer to
heat. See Chafe.] (Chem.) A table
stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron,
with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.
Chaul"dron (?), n. See
Chawdron. [Obs.]
Chaun (?), n. A gap.
[Obs.]
Colgrave.
Chaun, v. t. & i. To open; to
yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast.
Marston.
Chaunt (?), n. & v. See
Chant.
Chaunt"er (?), n. 1. A
street seller of ballads and other broadsides.
[Slang, Eng.]
2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse
jockey. [Colloq.]
He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg now.
Dickens.
3. The flute of a bagpipe. See Chanter,
n., 3.
Chaunt"er*ie (?), n. See
Chantry. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Cha"us (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa
(Lynx Lybicus).
\'d8Chausses (?), n. pl.
[F.] The garment for the legs and feet and for
the body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle
Ages; applied also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible,
as of chain mail.
\'d8Chaus`sure" (?), n.
[F.] A foot covering of any kind.
Chau"vin*ism (?), n. [F.
chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a character
represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his
attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]
Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete
cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated
patriotism.
-- Chau"vin*ist, n. --
Chau`vin*is"tic (,
a.
chauvinism. It is the character of the
latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and
childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend
by its very frankness.
Prof. H. Tuttle.
Chav"en*der (?), n. [Cf.
Cheven.] (Zo\'94l.) The
chub.
Walton.
Chaw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chawed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chawing.]
[See Chew.] 1. To grind with
the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud;
to champ, as the bit.
The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped,
Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood.
Surrey.
2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the
mind working upon; to brood over.
Dryden.
A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as
vulgar.
Chaw, n. [See Chaw, v.
t.] 1. As much as is put in the mouth
at once; a chew; a quid. [Law]
2. [Cf. Jaw.] The jaw.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Chaw bacon, a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout.
(Law) -- Chaw tooth, a grinder.
(Law)
Chaw"dron (?), n. [OF.
chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G.
kaldaunen guts, bowels, LL. calduna
intestine, W. coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd
bowels.] Entrails. [Obs.]
[Written also chaudron,
chauldron.]
Shak.
Chay" root` (?). [Tamil
sh\'beya.] The root of the Oldenlandia
umbellata, native in India, which yieds a durable red
dyestuff. [Written also choy
root.]
Cha*zy" ep"och (?). (Geol.) An
epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American Lower
Silurian system; -- so named from a township in Clinton Co., New
York. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cheap (?), n. [AS.
ce\'a0p bargain, sale, price; akin to D.
Koop purchase, G. Kauf, ICel.
kaup bargain. Cf. Cheapen, Chapman,
Chaffer, Cope, v. i.] A bargain; a
purchase; cheapness. [Obs.]
The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights
as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe.
Shak.
Cheap, a. [Abbrev. fr. \'bdgood
cheap\'b8: a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. bon
march\'82, \'85 bon march\'82. See
Cheap, n., Cheapen.]
1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or
price, as compared with the usual price or the real value.
Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the
thing to be sold will be cheap.
Locke.
2. Of comparatively small value; common;
mean.
You grow cheap in every subject's eye.
Dryden.
Dog cheap, very cheap, -- a phrase formed
probably by the catachrestical transposition of good
cheap. [Colloq.]<-- = dirt cheap?-->
Cheap, adv. Cheaply.
Milton.
Cheap, v. i. To buy; to bargain.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
<-- p. 244 -->
Cheap"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cheapened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cheapening.] [OE. cheapien,
chepen, to trade, buy, sell, AS.
ce\'a0pian; akin to D. koopen to buy, G.
kaufen, Icel. kaupa, Goth.
kaup\'d3n to trade. Cf. Chap to
bargain.] 1. To ask the price of; to bid,
bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.]
Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy.
Swift.
2. [Cf. Cheap, a.]
To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to
depreciate.
Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me.
Dryden.
Cheap"en*er (?), n. One who
cheapens.
{ Cheap"-jack` (?), Cheap"-john`
(?), } n. A seller of low-priced
or second goods; a hawker.
Cheap"ly (?), adv. At a small
price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.
Cheap"ness (?), n. Lowness in
price, considering the usual price, or real value.
Chear (?), n. & v.
[Obs.] See Cheer.
Cheat (?), n. [rob. an
abbrevation of escheat, lands or tenements that fall
to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the
tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds,
real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats.
See Escheat.] 1. An act of deception
or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud;
a trick; imposition; imposture.
When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat.
Dryden.
2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a
deceiver; a cheater.
Airy wonders, which cheats interpret.
Johnson
3. (Bot.) A troublesome grass, growing
as a weed in grain fields; -- called also
chess. See Chess.
4. (Law) The obtaining of property from
another by an intentional active distortion of the truth.
cheats are effected by deceitful or
illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large
and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they
are indictable at common law.
Wharton.
Syn. -- Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice;
trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.
Cheat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cheating.] [See CHeat,
n., Escheat.] 1. To
deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle.
I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath
cheated me of this island.
Shak.
2. To beguile.
Sir W. Scott.
To cheat winter of its dreariness.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit;
circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach;
delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.
Cheat, v. i. To practice fraud or
trickery; as, to cheat at cards.
Cheat, n. [Perh. from OF.
chet\'82 goods, chattels.] Wheat, or bread
made from wheat. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Their purest cheat,
Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
Chapman.
Cheat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cheated.
Cheat"a*ble*ness, n. Capability of being
cheated.
Cheat"er (?), n. 1.
One who cheats.
2. An escheator. [R.]
Shak.
Che*bac"co (?), n. [From
Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town in
Massachusetts where such vessels were built.]
(Naut.) A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used
in the Newfoundland fisheries; -- called also
pinkstern and chebec.
Bartlett.
Che"bec (?), n. (Naut.)
See Chebacco.
Che*bec" (?), n. [Named from
its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A small American bird
(Empidonax minimus); the least flycatcher.
Check (?), n. [OE.
chek, OF. eschec, F. \'82chec, a
stop, hindrance, orig. check in the game of chess, pl.
\'82checs chess, through AR., fr. Pers.
sh\'beh king. See Shah, and cf.
Checkmate, Chess, Checker.]
1. (Chess) A word of warning denoting
that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by
an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose
it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in
check, and must be made safe at the next move.
2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress;
arrest; stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in
check.
Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress
of Christianity.
Addison.
No check, no stay, this streamlet fears.
Wordsworth.
3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an
obstacle, guard, restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of
government.
Washington.
A man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors
may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; as,
checks placed against items in an account; a
check given for baggage; a return check on a
railroad.
5. A written order directing a bank or banker to
pay money as therein stated. See Bank check,
below.
6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling
the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a
design; also, cloth having such a figure.
7. (Falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of
its proper game to follow other birds.
8. Small chick or crack.
Bank check, a written order on a banker or
broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.
-- Check book, a book containing blank forms for
checks upon a bank. -- Check hook, a hook on
the saddle of a harness, over which a checkrein is looped.
-- Check list, a list or catalogue by which things
may be verified, or on which they may be checked. --
Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut,
screwing down upon the primary nut to secure it.
Knight. -- Check valve
(Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to
prevent the return of the feed water. -- To take
check, to take offense. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Syn. -- Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction;
reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally;
counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.
Check, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Checked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. checking.] 1.
(Chess) To make a move which puts an adversary's
piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check.
2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop
temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb.
So many clogs to check and retard the headlong
course of violence and oppression.
Burke.
3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of
a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put
a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a
counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to
check an account; to check baggage.
4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
The good king, his master, will check him for
it.
Shak.
5. (Naut.) To slack or ease off, as a
brace which is too stiffly extended.
6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack;
as, the sun checks timber.
Syn. -- To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder;
impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove;
rebuff.
Check (?), v. i. To make a
stop; to pause; -- with at.
The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is
disabled for the future, or else checks at any
vigorous undertaking ever after.
Locke.
2. To clash or interfere. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To act as a curb or restraint.
It [his presence] checks too strong upon me.
Dryden.
4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to
crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
5. (Falconry) To turn, when in pursuit
of proper game, and fly after other birds.
And like the haggard, check at every feather
That comes before his eye.
Shak.
Check, a. Checkered; designed in
checks.
Check"age (?), n. 1.
The act of checking; as, the checkage of a name
or of an item in a list.
2. The items, or the amount, to which attention is
called by a check or checks.
Check"er, n. [From Check,
v. t.] One who checks.
Check"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Checkered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Checkering.] [From OF.
eschequier a chessboard, F. \'82chiquier.
See Check, n., and cf. 3d
Checker.] 1. To mark with small
squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of different
colors.
2. To variegate or diversify with different
qualities, color, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent
alternations of prosterity and adversity.
Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and
falsehood.
Addison.
Check"er, n. [OF. eschequier.
See Checker, v. t.]
1. A piece in the game of draughts or
checkers.
2. A pattern in checks; a single check.
3. Checkerwork.
chequer.
Check"er*ber`ry (?), n.; pl.
Checkerberries (#). (Bot.)
A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen
(Gaultheria procumbens). Also incorrectly applied to
the partridge berry (Mitchella repens).
Check"er*board (?), n. A board
with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for playing
checkers or draughts.
Chack"ered (?), a. 1.
Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color
or material.
Dancing in the checkered shade.
Milton.
2. Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as
in appearance, character, circumstances, etc.
This checkered narrative.
Macaulay.
Check"ers (?), n. pl. [See
Checher, v.] A game, called also
daughts, played on a checkerboard by two
persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are
moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of the players
has lost all his men, or can not move them.
Check"er*work` (?), n. 1.
Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as
to colors or materials.
2. Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes.
How strange a checkerwork of Providence is the life
of man.
De Foe.
Check"la*ton (?), n. 1.
Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
2. Gilded leather. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Check"less, a. That can not be checked
or restrained.
Check"mate, n. [F. \'82chec et mat, fr.
Per. sh\'beh m\'bet ceckmate, lit., the king is dead,
fr. Ar. m\'beta he died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner,
or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished.
See Chess.] 1. The position in the
game of chess when a king is in check and cannot be released, --
which ends the game.
2. A complete check; utter defeat or
overthrow.
Check"mate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Checkmated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Checkmating.] 1.
(Chess) To check (an adversary's king) in such a
manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by
putting his king in check from which there is no escape.
2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to
thwart.
To checkmate and control my just demands.
Ford.
Check"rein` (?), n. 1.
A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse
from lowering his head; -- called also a bearing
rein.
2. A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one
horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.
Check"roll` (?), n. A list of
servants in a household; -- called also chequer
roll.
Check"string` (?), n. A cord by
which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the
driver.
Check"work (?), n. Anything
made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a
checkerboard.
Check"y (?), a. (Her.)
Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; --
said of the field or of an armorial bearing.
[Written also checquy,
cheguy.]
Ched"dar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England;
as, Cheddar cheese.
Cheek (?), n. [OE.
cheke, cheoke, AS. c\'82ace,
c\'82oce; cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D.
kaak cheek; perh. akin to E. chew,
jaw.] 1. The side of the face
below the eye.
2. The cheek bone. [Obs.]
Caucer.
3. pl. (Mech.) Those pieces
of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form
corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; as,
the cheeks (jaws) of a vise; the cheeks of a
gun carriage, etc.
4. pl. The branches of a bridle
bit.
Knight.
5. (Founding) A section of a flask, so
made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the
pattern from the mold; the middle part of a flask.
6. Cool confidence; assurance; impudence.
[Slang]
Cheek of beef. See Illust. of
Beef. -- Cheek bone (Anat.)
the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the malar bone.
-- Cheek by jowl, side by side; very
intimate. -- Cheek pouch (Zo\'94l.),
a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain monkeys and
rodents, used for holding food. -- Cheeks of a
block, the two sides of the shell of a tackle
block. -- Cheeks of a mast, the projection on
each side of a mast, upon which the trestletrees rest. --
Cheek tooth (Anat.), a hinder or molar
tooth. -- Butment cheek. See under
Butment.
Cheek (?), v. t. To be impudent
or saucy to. [Slang.]
Cheeked (?), a. Having a cheek;
-- used in composition. \'bdRose-cheeked
Adonis.\'b8
Shak.
Cheek"y, a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold.
[Slang.]
Cheep (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cheeped
(?).] [Cf. Chirp].
To chirp, as a young bird.
Cheep, v. t. To give expression to in a
chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves.
Tennyson.
Cheep, n. A chirp, peep, or squeak, as
of a young bird or mousse.
Cheer (?), n. [OE.
chere face, welcome, cheer, OF. chiere, F.
ch\'8are, fr. LL. cara face, Gr. , L. cerebrum brain, G.
hirn, and E. cranium.] 1.
The face; the countenance or its expression.
[Obs.] \'bdSweat of thy cheer.\'b8
Wyclif.
2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart.
Be of good cheer.
Matt. ix. 2.
The parents . . . fled away with heavy cheer.
Holland.
3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.
Shak.
1. That which promotes good spirits or
cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment;
as, a table loaded with good cheer.
5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy
enthusiasm, applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street.
Tennyson.
Whzt cheer? Now do you fare? What is there
that is cheering?
Cheer, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cheered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. cheering.] 1. To
cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; -- often with
up.
Cowpe.
2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope,
into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered.
Dryden.
3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by
cheers; as, to cheer hounds in a chase.
To cheer ship, to salute a passing ship by
cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.
Syn. -- To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console;
enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.
Cheer, v. i. 1. To grow
cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; -- usually with
up.
At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up.
A. Philips.
2. To be in any state or temper of mind.
[Obs.]
How cheer'st thou, Jessica?
Shak.
3. To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph,
etc.
And even the ranks of Tusculum
Could scare forbear to cheer.
Macaulay.
Cheer"er (?), n. One who
cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. \'bdThou
cheerer of our days.\'b8 Wotton. \'bdPrime
cheerer, light.\'b8 Thomson.
Cheer"ful (?), a. Having or
showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy;
joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition.
Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind
Do chant sweet music.
Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God.
Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful shout.
Shak.
Syn. -- Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful;
blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious;
buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.
Cheer"ful*ly, adv. In a cheerful manner,
gladly.
Cheer"ful*ness, n. Good spirits; a state
of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.
Cheer"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cheery manner.
Cheer"i*ness, n. The state of being
cheery.
Cheer"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
manner to cheer or encourage.
Cheer"is*ness, n. Cheerfulness.
[Obs.]
There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set
off with cheerishness.
Milton.
Cheer"less, a. Without joy, gladness, or
comfort.
-- Cheer"less*ly, adv. --
Cheer"less*ness, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerles night.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting;
dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.
Cheer"ly (?), a. Gay;
cheerful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cheer"ly, adv. Cheerily.
[Archaic]
Tennyson.
Cheer"ry (?), a. Cheerful;
lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery
person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine
glimmered so pleasantly.
Hawthorne.
<-- p. 245 -->
Cheese (?), n. [OE.
chese, AS. c\'c7se, fr. L.
caseus, LL. casius. Cf.
Casein.] 1. The curd of milk,
coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and
pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.
2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed
togehter in the form of a cheese.
3. The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the
dwarf mallow (Malva rotundifolia).
[Colloq.]
4. A low courtesy; -- so called on account of the
cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after
extending the skirts by a rapid gyration.
De Quincey. Thackeray.
Cheese cake, a cake made of or filled with, a
composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter.
Prior. -- Cheese fly
(Zo\'94l.), a black dipterous insect
(Piophila casei) of which the larv\'91 or maggots,
called ckippers or hoppers, live in
cheese. -- Cheese mite (Zo\'94l.),
a minute mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese and
other articles of food. -- Cheese press, a
press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd,
and to press the curd into a mold. -- Cheese
rennet (Bot.), a plant of the Madder family
(Golium verum, or yellow bedstraw),
sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a
substitute for madder. -- Cheese vat, a vat or tub in
which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese
making.
Cheese"lep (?), n. [Cf.
Keslop.] A bag in which rennet is kept.
Cheese"mon`ger (?), n. One who
deals incheese.
B. Jonson.
Cheese"par`ing (?), n. A thin
portion of the rind of a cheese. -- a.
Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing
economy.
Chees"i*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cheesy.
Chees"y (?), a. Having the
nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of
cheese.
Chee"tah (?), n. [Hind.
ch\'c6t\'be.] (Zo\'94l.) A
species of leopard (Cyn\'91lurus jubatus) tamed and
used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is
C. laneus. [Written also
chetah.]
\'d8Chef (?), n. [F.]
1. A chief of head person.
2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club,
a family, etc.
3. (Her.) Same as Chief.
\'d8Chef`-d'\'d2uvre" (?), n.;
pl. Chefs-d'\'d2uvre (#).
[F.] A masterpiece; a capital work in art,
literature, etc.
{ Cheg"oe (?), Cheg"re
(?) }, n. See
Chigoe.
Chei"lo*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr.
-plasty.] (Surg.)
The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip,
by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from
some neighboring part.
\'d8Chei*lop"o*da (?), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Ch.
Chei*rep"ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cheiroptera.
\'d8Chei*rop"te*ra (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of mammalia, including the
bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated
and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in
flying. See Bat.
Chei*rop"ter*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat
family.
\'d8Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Cheiropterygia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Anat.)
The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher
vertebrates.
Chei*ros"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. The art of reading character as
it is delineated in the hand.
-- Chei*ros"o*phist (,
n.
\'d8Chei`ro*the"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Poleon.) A genus of extinct animals, so named
from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human
hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Chek`e*la*toun" (?), n. See
Ciclatoun. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Chek"mak (?), n. A turkish
fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.
\'d8Che"la (?), n.; pl.
Chel\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The pincherlike claw of
Crustacea and Arachnida.
Che"late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Cheliferous.
Chel`e*ryth"rine (?), n. [Gr.
(Chem.) Am
alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from
the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline
substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical
with sanguinarine.
\'d8Che*lic"e*ra (?), n.;
pl. Chelicer\'91 (#) [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a
pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are
homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the
mandibles of insects.
Chel"i*don (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.) The hollow at the flexure
of the arm.
Chel`i*don"ic (?), a. [See
Celandine.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, the celandine.
Cheidonic acid, a weak acid extracted fron the
celandine (Chelidonium majus), as a white crystalline
substance.
\'d8Chel`i*do"ni*us (?), n. [L.
(sc. lapillus.)] A small stone taken from
the gizzard of a young swallow. -- anciently worn as a medicinal
charm.
Chel"i*fer (?), n. [Gr. -fer.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Book scorpion, under Book.
Che*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having cheliform claws, like a crab.
Chel"i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a
projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for
grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.
\'d8Che*lo"ne (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A genus of hardy perennial
flowering plants, of the order Scrophulariacea\'91.,
natives of North America; -- called also
snakehead, turtlehead,
shellflower, etc.
\'d8Che*lo"ni*a (?), n.;
pl. [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles, including the
tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the
vertebr\'91, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so
as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak.
See Reptilia; also, Illust. in
Appendix.
Che*lo"ni*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to animals of the
tortoise kind. -- n. One of the
Chelonia.
\'d8Che*lu"ra (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes
destroy timber.
Che"ly (?), n. A claw. See
Chela. [Obs.]
Chem"ic (?), n. [See
Chenistry.] 1. A chemist; an
alchemist. [Obs.]
2. (Bleaching) A solution of chloride of
line.
Chem"ic, a. Chemical.
Blackw. Mag.
Chem"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining
to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and
operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry;
as, chemical changes; chemical
comnbinations.
Chemical attraction affinity. See under
Attraction.
Chem"ic*al, n. A substance used for
producing a chemical effect; a reagent.
Chem"ic*al*ly, adv. According to
chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.
Chem`i*glyph"ic (?), a.
[Chemical + Engraved
by a voltaic battary.
Chem`i*loon" (?), n. A garment
for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one.
[U. S.]
Che*mise" (?), n. [F., shirt,
fr. LL. camisa, camisia, shirt, thin dress;
cf. G. hemd, or Olr. coimumse sort of
garment. Cf. Camis.] 1. A shift, or
undergarment, worn by women.
2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or
earthwork.
Chem`i*sette" (?), n.[F., dim.
of chemise.] An under-garment, worn by
women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.
Chem"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
chimisme. See Chemistry.] The
force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby
they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction;
affinity; -- sometimes used as a general expression for chemical
activity or relationship.
Chem"ist, n. [Shortened from
alchemist; cf. F. chimiste.] A
person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an
analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.
Chem"is*try (?), n. [From
Chemist. See Alchemy.] 1.
That branch of science which treats of the composition of
substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence
of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend
upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of
the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be
indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto
attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and
constitution of molecules. See Atom,
Molecule.
2. An application of chemical theory and method to
the consideration of some particular subject; as, the
chemistry of iron; the chemistry of
indigo.
3. A treatise on chemistry.
y, and sometimes with i, instead of e,
in the first syllable, chymistry, chymist,
chymical, etc., or chimistry,
chimist, chimical, etc.; and the
pronunciation was conformed to the orthography.
Inorganic chemistry, that which treats of
inorganic or mineral substances. -- Organic
chemistry, that which treats of the substances which
from the structure of organized beings and their products,
whether animal or vegetable; -- called also chemistry of
the carbon compounds. There is no fundamental
difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. --
Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the
organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological
processes incident to life. -- Practical
chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that
which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of
chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to
economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their
best use. -- Pure chemistry, the
consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their
purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their
practical applications or mere utility.
Chem"i*type (?), n.
[Chemical + -type.]
(Engraving) One of a number of processes by which
an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be
used for printing on an ordinary printing press.
Che*mol"y*sis (?), n.
[Chemical + Gr. A term
sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into
more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone.
Thudichum.
Chem`os*mo"sis (?), n.
[Chemical + osmosis.]
Chemical action taking place through an intervening
membrane.
Chem`os*mot"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis.
[R.]
Che*mung" pe"ri*od (?), (Geol.)
A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in
America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks
are well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or
epochs. See the Diagram under Geology.
\'d8Cheng (?), n.
[Chinese.] A chinese reed instrument, with tubes,
blown by the mouth.
Che*nille" (?), n. [F., prop.,
a caterpillar.] Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for
the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and
for the weft of chenille rugs.
\'d8Che`no*mor"ph\'91 (?), n.;
pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds,
including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and
screamers.
Chep"ster (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European starling.
[Local, Eng.]
Cheque (?), n. See
Check.
Cheq"uer (?), n. & v. Same as
Checker.
Che*quing" (?), n. A coin. See
Sequin.
Shak.
Cheq"uy (?), n. (Her.)
Same as Checky.
Cher"if (?), n. See
Cherif.
Cher`i*moy"er (?), n. [F.
ch\'82rimolier.] (Bot.) 1.
A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia),
with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.
2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark
purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West
Indies.
Cher"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cherished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cherising.] [F. ch\'82rir,
fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus. See
Caress, Finish.] 1. To
treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to
protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse
cherisheth her children.
1 Thess. ii. 7.
2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to
indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to
cherish religious principle.
To cherish virtue and humanity.
Burke.
Syn. -- To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain;
encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.
Cher"ish*er (?), n. One who
cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood.
Shak.
Cher"ish*ment (?), n.
Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment.
Spenser.
Cher"mes (?), n. See
Kermes.
Cher"o*gril (?), n. [L.
choerogryllus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Cony.
Cher`o*kees" (?), n. pl.;
sing. Cherokee. (Ethnol.)
An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the
region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now
mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of
the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.
Che*root" (?), n. [Tamil
shuruttu, prop., a roll.] A kind of cigar,
originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now
often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.
Cher"ry (?), n. [OE.
chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise
(cf. AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr.
L. cerasus Cherry tree, Gr. 1.
(Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus
Prunus (Which also includes the plum)
bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a)
The common garden cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which
several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of
which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart,
morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from M\'82doc in France).
(b) The wild cherry; as, prunus serotina
(wild black cherry), valued for its timber; P.
Virginiana (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears
astringent fruit; P. avium and P. Padus,
European trees (bird cherry).
2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various
colors and flavors.
3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black
cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.
4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a
cherry.
Barbadoes cherry. See under
Barbadoes. -- Cherry bird
(Zo\'94l.), an American bird; the cedar bird; --
so called from its fondness for cherries. -- Cherry
bounce, cherry brandy and sugar. -- Cherry
brandy, brandy in which cherries have been
steeped. -- Cherry laurel (Bot.),
an evergren shrub (Prunus Lauro-cerasus) common in
shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor like
that of bitter almonds. -- Cherry pepper
(Bot.), a species of Capsicum (C.
cerasiforme), with small, scarlet, intensely piquant
cherry-shaped fruit. -- Cherry pit. (a)
A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into a
hole. Shak. (b) A cherry stone.
-- Cherry rum, rum in which cherries have been
steeped. -- Cherry sucker (Zo\'94l.),
the European spotted flycatcher (Musicapa
grisola); -- called also cherry chopper
cherry snipe. Cherry tree,
a tree that bears cherries. -- Ground
cherry, Winter cherry, See
Alkekengi.
<-- p. 246 -->
Cher"ry (?), a. Like a red
cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry lip;
cherry cheeks.
Cher"so*nese (?), n. [Gr. A peninsula; a tract of land
nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a
neck of land or isthmus; as, the Cimbric Chersonese,
or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or Crimea.
Chert (?), n. [Ir.
ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.]
(Min.) An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or
hornstone, of a dull color.
Chert"y (?), a. Like chert;
containing chert; flinty.
Cher"ub (?), n.; pl.
Cherubs (#); but the Hebrew plural
Cherubim (#) is also used. [Heb.
ker\'d4b.] 1. A mysterious
composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the
Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x.
I knew that they were the cherubim.
Ezek. x. 20.
He rode upon a cherub and did fly.
Ps. xviii. 10.
2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used
in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and
Temple.
Ez. xxv. 18.
3. One of a order of angels, variously represented
in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as
blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim
(see Seraph), and in later art the children's heads with
wings are generally called cherubs.
4. A beautiful child; -- so called because artists
have represented cherubs as beautiful children.
{ Che*ru"bic (?), Che*ru"bic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
cherubs; angelic. \'bdThe cherubic host.\'b8
Milton.
Cher"u*bim (?), n. The Hebrew
plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.
Cherubims, in the King James version of
the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English
plural termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim
instead of to the singular cherub.
Cher"u*bin (?), a. Cherubic;
angelic. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cher"u*bin, n. A cherub.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Cher"up (?), v. i. [Prob. fr.
chirp.] To make a short, shrill, cheerful
sound; to chirp. See Chirrup. \'bdCheruping
birds.\'b8
Drayton.
Cher"up, v. t. To excite or urge on by
making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to. See
Chirrup.
He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed.
Cowper.
Cher"up, n. A short, sharp, cheerful
noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the cherup of a
cricket.
Cher"vil (?), n. [AS.
cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium,
chaerephyllum, Gr. (Bot.) A plant (Anthriscus
cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of
which several curled varieties are used in soups and
salads.
Ches (?), pret. of Chese.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Chese (?), v. t. To
choose [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ches"i*ble (?), n. See
Chasuble.
Ches"lip (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wood louse. [Prov.
Eng.]
Chess (?), n. [OE.
ches, F. \'82checs, prop. pl. of
\'82chec check. See 1st Check.] A
game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently
colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king,
a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and
eight pawns.
Chess, n. (Bot.) A species of
brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a troublesome
weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as
degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance
to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used
for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; -- called also
cheat and Willard's
bromus. [U. S.]
upright
chess, soft chess, etc.
Chess"-ap`ple (?), n. The wild
service of Europe (Purus torminalis).
Chess"board` (?), n. The board
used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light
and dark squares, eight in each row. See
Checkerboard.
Ches"sel (?), n. The wooden
mold in which cheese is pressed.
Simmonds.
Chess"es (?), n. pl. [Cf. F.
chassis a framework of carpenty.]
(Mil.) The platforms, consisting of two or more
planks doweled together, for the flooring of a temporary military
bridge.
Wilhelm.
A singular, chess, is sometimes used. \'bdEach
chess consists of three planks.\'b8
Farrow.
Ches"sil (?), n. [OE.
chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]
Gravel or pebbles.
Halliwell.
Chess"man (?), n.; pl.
Chessmen (#). A piece used in the
game of chess.
Ches"some (#), n. [Cf.
Chisley.] Mwllow earth; mold.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Chess"tree` (?), n. [Cf. F
chassis a framework of carpentry.]
(Naut.) A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on
the side of a vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the
clew of the mainsail.
Ches`sy" cop"per (?). (Min.)
The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at
Chessy, near Lyons; called also
chessylite.
Chest (?), n. [OE.
chest, chist, AS. cest,
cist, cyst, L. cista, fr. Gr.
Cist, Cistern.] 1.
A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a
trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth.
Heaps of money crowded in the chest.
Dryden.
2. A coffin. [Obs.]
He is now dead and mailed in his cheste.
Chaucer.
3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and
breastbone; the thorax.
4. (Com.) A case in which certain goods,
as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which
such a case contains.
5. (Mech.) A tight receptacle or box,
usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; as, the steam
chest of an engine; the wind chest of an
organ.
Bomb chest, See under Bomb. --
Chest of drawers, a case or movable frame
containing drawers.
Chest (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p.
Chested.] 1. To deposit in a
chest; to hoard.
2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.]
He dieth and is chested.
Gen. 1. 26 (heading).
Chest (?), n. [AS.
ce\'a0st.] Strife; contention;
controversy. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Chest"ed, a. Having (such) a chest; --
in composition; as, broad-chested;
narrow-chested.
Ches"ter*lite (?), n. [See
-lite.] A variety of feldspar found in
crystals in the county of Chester, Pennsylvania.
Ches"teyn (?), n. The chestnut
tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, chesteyn.
Chaucer.
Chest" foun`der (?). (Far.) A
rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of
a horse, affecting motion and respiration.
Chest"nut (?), n. [For
chesten-nut; OE. chestein,
chesten, chastein, chestnut, fr. AS.
cisten in cistenbe\'a0m chestnut tree,
influenced by OF. chastaigne, F.
ch\'83taigne, both the AS. and the F. words coming
from L. castanea a chestnut, Gr. Castanets.]
1. (Bot.) The edible nut of a forest
tree (Castanea vesce) of Europe and America. Commonly
two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.
2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained
timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.
3. A bright brown color, like that of the
nut.
4. The horse chestnut (often so used in
England).
5. One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the
inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.
6. An old joke or story. [Slang]
Chestnut tree, a tree that bears
chestnuts.
Chest"nut, a. Of or pertaining of a
chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as, chestnut
curls.
Che"tah (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cheetah.
Chet"vert (?), n. [Russ.
chetverte.] A measure of grain equal to
0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester bushels.
[Russia]
Chev"a*chie` (?), n. See
Chivachie. [Obs.]
Che"vage (?), n. See
Chiefage. [Obs.]
\'d8Che*val" (?), n.; pl.
Chevaux (#). [F. See
Cavalcade.] A horse; hence, a support or
frame.
Cheval glass, a mirror swinging in a frame,
and large enough to reflect the full leght figure.
\'d8Che*val"-de-frise" (?), n.;
commonly used in the pl. Chevaux-de-frise.
[F.; cheval horse + Frise Friesland,
where it was first used.] (Mil.) A piece of
timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or
spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a
breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc.
Obstructions of chain, boom, and
cheval-de-frise.
W. Irving.
Che`va*lier" (?), n. [F., fr.
LL. caballarius. See Cavaller.]
1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man.
\'bdMount, chevaliers; to arms.\'b8
Shak.
2. A member of certain orders of knighthood.
\'d8Chevalier d'industrie (
[F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a
pickpocket; a sharper. -- The Chevalier St.
George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward
Stuart (son of James II.), called \'bdThe Pretender.\'b8 --
The Young Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of
the Chevalier St. George.
\'d8Che*vaux" (?), n. pl. See
Cheval.
Cheve (?), v. i. [OF.
chevir. See Chievance.] To come to
an issue; to turn out; to succed; as, to cheve well
in a enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.]
Holland.
\'d8Cheve*lure" (?), n. [F.,
head of hair.] A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous star.
Sir. W. Hershel.
Chev"en (?), n. [Cf. F.
chevanne. Cf. Chavender.]
(Zo\'94l.) A river fish; the chub.
Sir T. Browne.
Chev"en*tein (?), n. A variant
of Chieftain. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chev"er*il (?), n. [OF.
chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim. of
chevre goat, fr. L. capra. See
Caper, v. i.] Soft leather made of
kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of flexibility.
[Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from an inch
narrow to an ell broad.
Shak.
Chev"er*il, a. Made of cheveril;
pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching wit.
Drayton.
Chev"er*li*ize (?), v. i. To
make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.]
Br. Montagu.
\'d8Che*vet" (?), n. [F., head
of the bed, dim. fr. chef head. See
Chief.] (Arch.) The extreme end of
the chancel or choir; properly the round or polygonal part.
Chev"i*ot (?), n. 1. A
valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its
name from the Cheviot hills.
2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.
Chev"i*sance (?), n. [Of.
chevisance, chevissance, fr.
chevircome to an end, perform, fr. chef
head, end, from L. caput head. See Chieve,
Chief.]
1. Achievement; deed; performance.
[Obs.]
Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance.
Spenser.
2. A bargain; profit; gain.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
3. (O. Eng. Law) (a) A making
of contracts. (b) A bargain or contract; an
agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business
compact. (c) An unlawful agreement or
contract.
Chev*rette" (?), n. [F., fr.
ch\'82vre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf.
Chevron.] (Mil.) A machine for
raising guns or mortar into their carriages.
Chev"ron (?), n. [F., rafter,
chevron, from ch\'82vre goat, OF. chevre,
fr. L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]
1. (Her.) One of the nine honorable
ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the
bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of
the field and conjoined at its center.
2. (Mil.) A distinguishing mark, above
the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.
3. (Arch.) A zigzag molding, or group of
moldings, common in Norman architecture.
Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped
subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in
some animals.
Chev"roned (?), p. a. Having a
chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a zigzag
from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of
watchet cloth of silver, chevroned all over with
lace.
B. Jonson.
Chev"ron*el (?), n.
(Her.) A bearing like a chevron, but of only half
its width.
Chev"ron*wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a chevron; as, the
field may be divided chevronwise.
Chev`ro*tain" (?), n. [F.
chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe,
dim. of chevre goat. See Chevron.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small ruminant of the family
Tragulid\'91 a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits
Africa and the East Indies. See Kanchil.
Chev"y (?), v. t. See
Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.]
One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks
in the storm for ten minutes.
London Times.
Chew (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chewed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Chewing.]
[As ce\'a2wan, akin to D. kauwen, G.
kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]
1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to
masticate.
2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on.
He chews revenge, abjuring his offense.
Prior.
To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again,
as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate.
Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into
two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that
ye shall eat.
Deut. xxiv. 6.
Chew, v. i. To perform the action of
biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to
meditate.
old politicians chew wisdom past.
Pope.
Chew, n. That which is chewed; that
which is held in the mouth at once; a cud.
[Law]
Chew"er (?), n. One who
chews.
Chew"et, n. A kind of meat pie.
[Obs.]
Che"wink (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An american bird (Pipilo
erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its
note; -- called also towhee bunting and
ground robin.
Chey*ennes" (?), n. pl.; sing.
cheyenne. (Ethnol.) A
warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly
inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations
in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their
horsemanship.
Chi"an (?) a. [L.
chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr.
Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the
\'92gean Sea.
Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of earth,
from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.
-- Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost
transparent turpentine, obtained from the Pistacia
Terebinthus.
Chi*a`ros*cu"rist (?), n. A
painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than
color.
{ \'d8Chia`ro*scu"ro (?),
\'d8Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro (?), }
n. [It., clear dark.] (a) The
arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a
drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color.
(b) The art or practice of so arranging the light
and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf.
Clair-obscur.
{ Chi"asm (?), \'d8Chi*as"ma
(?), } n. [NL. chiasma,
fr. Gr. (Anat.) A commissure; especially,
the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves.
-- Chi*as"mal (,
a..
\'d8Chi*as"mus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Chiasm.] (Rhet.) An inversion of
the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently
referred to in a sentence; thus,
If e'er to bless thy sons
My voice or hands deny,
These hands let useful skill forsake,
This voice in silence die.
Dwight.
<-- p. 247 -->
Chi*as"to*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite. See Chiasm. So
called from the resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to
the Greek letter (Min.) A variety
of andalusite; -- called also macle. The
tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical
arrangement of impurities in the crystal.
Chib"bal (?), n. (Bot.)
See Cibol.
{ \'d8Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk" }
(?), n. [F. chibouque, fr.
Turk.] A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of
amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some
valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.
\'d8Chic (?), n. [F.]
Good form; style. [Slang]
<-- adj. in good form, stylish; in current fashion, fashionable.
-->
\'d8Chi"ca (?), n. [Sp.]
A red coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia
Chica, used by some tribes of South American Indians to
stain the skin.
2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South
American from a decoction of maize.
3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American
dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.
Chi*cane" (?), n. [F., prob.
earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in the game of mall
(F. mail), fr. LGr. chaug\'ben club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L.
ciccus a trible.] The use of artful
subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a
case or question; -- specifically applied to legal proceedings;
trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry.
Prior.
To shuffle from them by chicane.
Burke.
To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own
canscience.
Berkeley.
Chi*cane", v. i. [Cf. F.
chicaner. See Chicane, n.]
To use shifts, cavils, or artifices.
Burke.
Chi*can"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
chicaneur.] One who uses chicanery.
Locke.
Chi*can"er*y (?), n. [F.
chicanerie.] Mean or unfair artifice to
perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice;
sophistry.
Irritated by perpetual chicanery.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.
Chi"co*ry (?), n. See
Chicory.
Chich (?), n.; pl.
Chiches (. [F. chiche,
pois chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. cicer the
chick-pea.] (Bot.) The chick-pea.
\'d8Chi"cha (?), n. [Sp.]
See Chica.
\'d8Chiche"vache` (?), n. [F.
chiche lean + vache cow.] A
fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and
which was therefore in very lean condition.
{ Chich"ling (?), Chich"ling
vetch` (?), } n.
[Chich + -ling.]
(Bot.) A leguminous plant (Lathyrus
sativus), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes
used for food.
Chick (?), v. i. [OE.
chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]
To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate.
Chalmers.
Chick, n. 1. A chicken.
2. A child or young person; -- a term of
endearment.
Shak.
Chick"a*bid`dy (?), n. A
chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a
child.
Chick"a*dee` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small bird, the blackcap titmouse
(Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from
its note.
Chick"a*ree` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American red squirrel
(Sciurus Hudsonius); -- so called from its cry.
Chick"a*saws (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)
A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian)
allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part
of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian
Territory.
Chick"en (?), n. [AS.
cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock;
akin to LG. kiken, k\'81ken, D.
Kieken, kuiken, G. k\'81chkein.
See Cock the animal.] 1. A young
bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.
2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a
maiden. \'bdStella is no chicken.\'b8
Swift.
Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of
fowls; -- so called because first studied during the prevalence
of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true
cholera.
Chick"en-breast`ed (?), a.
Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward
curvature of the vertebral column.
Chick"en-heart`ed (?), a.
Timid; fearful; cowardly.
Bunyan.
Chick"en pox" (?). (Med.) A
mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only;
varicella.
Chick"ling (?), n.
[Chick+-ling.] A small
chick or chicken.
Chick"-pea` (?), n. [See
Chich.] 1. (Bot.) A Small
leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa,
and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the
gram.
2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and
especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers
in the Eastern deserts.
Chick"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) The name of several caryophyllaseous
weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds and
flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.
Chick"y (?), n. A chicken; --
used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling
fowls.
Chic"o*ry (?), n. [F.
chicor\'82e, earlier also cichor\'82e, L.
cichorium, fr. Gr. , ,
Cf. Succory.] 1.
(Bot.) A branching perennial plant
(Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing
wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots
and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See
Endive.
2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with
coffe.
Chide (?), v. t.
[imp. Chid (?), or
Chode (Obs.); p. p.
Chidden (?), Chid; p. pr. & vb.
n. Chiding.] [AS. c\'c6dan;
of unknown origin.] 1. To rebuke; to reprove;
to scold; to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at.
Shak.
2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against.
The sea that chides the banks of England.
Shak.
To chide hither, chide from, chide away, to cause to come, or to drive
away, by scolding or reproof.
Syn. -- To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach;
reprehend; reprimand.
Chide, v. i. 1. To utter words
of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend
angrily.
Wherefore the people did chide with Moses.
Ex. xvii. 2.
2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe.
As doth a rock againts the chiding flood.
Shak.
Chide, n. [AS. c\'c6d]
A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams.
Thomson.
Chid"er (?), n. One who chides
or quarrels.
Shak.
Chid"er*ess, n. She who chides.
[Obs.]
Chide"ster (?), n.
[Chide + -ster.] A female
scold. [Obs.]
Chid"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
chiding or reproving manner.
Chief (?), n. [OE.
chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef,
fr. L. caput head, possibly akin to E.
head. Cf. Captain, Chapter]
1. The head or leader of any body of men; a
commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or
family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the
pricipal actio or agent.
2. The principal part; the most valuable
portion.
The chief of the things which should be utterly
destroyed.1.
Sam. xv. 21
3. (Her.) The upper third part of the
field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and
middle chiefs.
In chief. (a) At the head; as, a
commander in chief. (b) (Eng. Law)
From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure in chief,
tenure directly from the king.
Syn. -- Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader;
head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik. --
Chief, chieftain, Commander,
Leader. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning
according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule
and authority. The term chief is now more usually
applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil
or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a
tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the
chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is
the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A
commander directs the movements of or has control over
a body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader
is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative
body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes
the command and gives direction in particular
enterprises.
Chief, a. 1. Highest in office
or rank; principal; head. \'bdChief rulers.\'b8
John. xii. 42.
2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or
action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the
lead; most important; as, the chief topic of
conversation; the chief interest of man.
3. Very intimate, near, or close.
[Obs.]
A whisperer separateth chief friends.
Prov. xvi. 28.
Syn. -- Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme;
prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.
Chief"age (?), n. [OF.
chevage, fr. chief head. See
Chief.] A tribute by the head; a capitation
tax. [Written also chevage and
chivage.] [Obs.]
Chief" bar"on (?). (Eng. Law)
The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.
Chief"est, a. [Superl. of
Chief.] First or foremost; chief;
principal. [Archaic] \'bdOur
chiefest courtier.\'b8
Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand.
Canticles v. 10.
Chief" hare` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
small rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits
of the Rocky Mountains; -- also called crying
hare, calling hare,
cony, American pika, and
little chief hare.
Lagomyid\'91.
Chief" jus"tice (?). The presiding
justice, or principal judge, of a court.
Lord Chief Justice of England, The presiding
judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice.
The highest judicial officer of the realm is the Lord High
Chancellor. -- Chief Justice of the United
States, the presiding judge of the Supreme Court, and
Highest judicial officer of the republic.
Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n. The office of
chief justice.
Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in
accordance with his tastes.
The Century.
Chief"less (?), a. Without a
chief or leader.
Chief"ly (?), adv. 1.
In the first place; principally; pre\'89minently; above;
especially.
Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook;
But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge.
Milton.
2. For the most part; mostly.
Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the
dissenters chiefly lay.
Swift.
Chief"rie (?), n. A small rent
paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.]
Swift.
Chief"tain (?), n. [OE.
cheftayn, chevetayn, OF.
chevetain, F. capitaine, LL.
capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf.
Captain, and see chief.] A captain,
leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or
clan.
Syn. -- Chief; commander; leader; head. See
Chief.
{ Chief"tain*cy (?),
Chief"tain*ship, } n. The rank,
dignity, or office of a chieftain.
Chier"te (?), n. [OF.
chert\'82. See Charity.] Love;
tender regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Chiev"ance (?), n. [OF.
chevance property, equiv. To chevisance,
fr. chevir to accomplish. See
Chevisance.] An unlawful bargain; traffic in
which money is exported as discount. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Chieve (?), v. i. See
Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]
Chiff"-chaff (, n. [So
called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A species
of European warbler (Sylvia hippolais); -- called also
chip-chap, and
pettychaps.
{ Chif`fo*nier" (?), fem.
Chif`fo-ni\'8are" (?), }
n. [F. chiffonnier, fem.
chiffonni\'8are, fr. chiffon rag, fr.
chiffe a rag, fimsy cloth.] 1. One
who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.
2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.
3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of
furniture with shelves or drawers.
G. Eliot.
\'d8Chi"gnon (, n. [F.,
prop. equiv. to cha\'8cnon link, fr.
cha\'8cne chain, fr. L. catena Cf.
Chain.] A knot, boss, or mass of hair,
natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the
head.
A curl that had strayed from her chignon.
H. James.
{ Chig"oe (?), Chig"re
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
chigue, perh. fr. Catalan chic small, Sp.
chico; or of Peruvian origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of flea (Pulex
penetrans), common in the West Indies and South America,
which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human
body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation.
When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores
result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger.
[Written also chegre, chegoe,
chique, chigger,
jigger.]
\'d8Chi*ka"ra (, n.
[Hind.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
Ingoat antelope (Tragops Bennettii) Of India.
(b) The Indian four-horned antelope
(Tetraceros quadricornis).
Chil"blain` (?), n.
[Chill + Blain.] A blain,
sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet
or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes
ulceration.
Chil"blain`, v. t. To produce chilblains
upon.
Child (?), n.; pl.
Children (#). [AS.
cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth.
kil\'edei womb, in-kil\'ed\'d3 with
child.] 1. A son or a daughter; a male or
female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of
human parents; -- in law, legitimate offspring. Used
also of animals and plants.
2. A descendant, however remote; -- used esp. in
the plural; as, the children of Israel; the
children of Edom.
3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs
of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely
connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; as, a
child of God; a child of the devil; a
child of disobedience; a child of toil; a
child of the people.
4. A noble youth. See Childe.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between
infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of
a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness,
limited understanding, etc.
When I was child. I spake as a child, I
understood as a child, I thought as a
child; but when I became a man, I put away childish
things.
1. Cor. xii. 11.
6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder?
Shak.
To be with child, to be pregnant. --
Child's play, light work; a trifling
contest.
Child, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Childing.] To give birth; to produce
young.
This queen Genissa childing died.
Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed both.
Latimer.
Child"bear`ing (?), n. The act
of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
Milton. Addison.
Child"bed (?), n. The state of
a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor;
parturition.
Child"birth (?), n. The act of
bringing forth a child; travail; labor.
Jer. Taylor.
Child"crow`ing (?), n.
(Med.) The crowing noise made by children
affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.
Childe (?), n. A cognomen
formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he
succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as,
Childe Roland.
Child"ed (?), a. Furnished with
a child. [Obs.]
Chil"dermas day` (?). [AS.
cildam\'91sse-d\'91g; cild child
+d\'91g day.] (Eccl.) A day
(December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of
the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; -- called also
Holy Innocent's Day.
<-- p. 248 -->
Child"hood (?), n. [AS.
cildh\'bed; cild child +
-h\'bed. See Child, and hood.]
1. The state of being a child; the time in which
persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to
puberty.
I have walked before you from my childhood.
1. Sam. xii. 2.
2. Children, taken collectively.
[R.]
The well-governed childhood of this realm.
Sir. W. Scott.
3. The commencement; the first period.
The childhood of our joy.
Shak.
Second childhood, the state of being feeble
and incapable from old age.
Child"ing (?), a. [See
Child, v. i.] Bearing Children;
(Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.]
Shak.
Child"ish, a. 1. Of, pertaining
to, befitting, or resembling, a child.
\'bdChildish innocence.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. Peurile; trifling; weak.
Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather
childish than innocent.
Addison.
Childish, as applied tc persons who are
grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a childish
temper.
Child"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of a
child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.
Child"ish*ness, n. The state or quality
of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of
intellect.
Child"less*ness, n. The state of being
childless.
Child"like (?), a. Resembling a
child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek;
submissive; dutiful. \'bdChildlike
obedience.\'b8
Hooker.
Childlike, as applied to persons grown
up, is commonly in a good sense; as, childlike grace
or simplicity; childlike modesty.
Child"ly, a. Having tthe character of a
child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child.
Gower.
Child"ly, adv. Like a child.
Mrs. Browning.
Child"ness, n. The manner characteristic
of a child. [Obs.] \'bdVarying
childness.\'b8
Shak.
Chil"dren (?), n.;
pl. of Child.
Child"ship, n. The state or relation of
being a child.
Chil"i (?), n. [Sp.
chili, chile.] A kind of red
pepper. See Capsicum [Written also
chilli and chile.]
Chil"i*ad (?), n. [Gr. A thousand; the aggregate of
a thousand things; especially, a period of a thousand
years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be
assumed up unto God.
Sir. T. More.
Chil"i*a*gon (?), n. [Gr. A plane figure of a
thousand angles and sides.
Barlow.
Chil"i*a*hedron (?), n. [Gr.
A figure
bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also
chilia\'89dron.]
Chil"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Chili. -- n. A native
or citizen of Chili.
{ Chil"i*an (?), Chil"i*arch`
(?), } n. [Gr. The commander or
chief of a thousand men.
Chil"i*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.
A body consisting of a thousand men.
Mitford.
Chil"i*asm (?), n. [Gr. 1. The
millennium.
2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on
earth during the millennium.
Chil"i*ast (?), n. [Gr. Chiliasm.] One who believes in the second
coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a
milllenarian.
Chili*astic (?), a.
Millenarian. \'bdThe obstruction offered by the
chiliastic errors.\'b8
J. A. Alexander.
Chill (?), n. [AS.
cele, cyle, from the same root as
celan, calan, to be cold; akin to D.
kil cold, coldness, Sw. kyla to chill, and
E. cool. See Cold, and cf.
Cool.]
1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a
disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with
shivering. \'bd[A] wintry chill.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. (Med.) A sensation of cold with
convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue
lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous
excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional
disturbance, as of a fever.
3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling;
discouragement; as, a chill comes over an
assemblly.
4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to
cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron
brought in contact with it.
Raymond.
5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of
a car wheel.
Knight.
Chill and fever, fever and ague.
Chill, a. 1. Moderately cold;
tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw.
Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill.
Milton.
2. Affected by cold. \'bdMy veins are
chill.\'b8
Shak.
3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling,
etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a
chill reception.
4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.
Chill, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chilled (ch\'ccld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chilling.] 1. To
strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to
affect with cold.
When winter chilled the day.
Goldsmith.
2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to
depress; to discourage.
Every thought on God chills the gayety of his
spirits.
Rogers.
3. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden
cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of,
so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.
Chill, v. i. (Metal.) To
become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying;
as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth
than others.
Chilled (?), a. 1.
Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as,
chilled iron; a chilled wheel.
2. (Paint.) Having that cloudiness or
dimness of surface that is called
\'bdblooming.\'b8
Chil"li (?), n. See
Chili.
Chill"i*ness (?), n. 1.
A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable
sensation of coldness.
2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable
coldness or rawness; as, the chilliness of the
air.
3. Formality; lack of warmth.
Chill"ing (?), a. Making chilly
or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; as, a
chilling breeze; a chilling manner.
-- Chill"ing"ly, adv.
Chill"ness, n. Coolness; coldness; a
chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn.
Longfellow.
Chill"y (?), a. Moderately
cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or
feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.
Chi"log*nath (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A myriapod of the order
Chilognatha.
\'d8Chi*log"na*tha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the two principal orders of
myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of
small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near
together.
Chi*lo"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
-oma.]
(Zo\'94l.) The tumid upper lip of certain
mammals, as of a camel.
Chi"lo*pod (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A myriapod of the order
Chilopoda.
\'d8Chi*lop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of myriapods,
including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated
legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and
a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are
insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length
of a foot.
{ \'d8Chi*los"to*ma (?),
Chi*lo*stom"a*ta (?), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive suborder of marine
Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip
and a lid to close the aperture of the cells. [Also
written Chillostomata.]
Chi`lo*stoma*tous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Chilostoma.
Chiltern Hundreds (?). [AS.
Chiltern the Chiltern, high hills in Buckinghamshire,
perh. Fr. ceald cold + ern,
\'91rn, place.] A tract of crown land in
Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached
the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot
resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship,
which legally vacates their seats.
\'d8Chi*m\'91"ra (?), n. [NL.
See Chimera.] (Zo\'94l.) A
cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order
Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished
with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.
Chi*m\'91"roid (?), a.
[Chim\'91ra + old.]
(Zo\'94l.) Related to, or like, the
chim\'91ra.
Chi*man"go [Native name]
(Zo\'94l.) A south American carrion buzzard
(Milvago chimango). See Caracara.
Chimb (ch\'c6m), n. [AS.
cim, in cimst\'ben base of a pillar; akin
to D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme
f.] The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See
Chine, n., 3. [Written also
hime.]
Chimb, v. i. Chime.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chime (?), n. [See
Chimb.] See Chine, n.,
3.
Chime (?), n. [OE.
chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe,
cymble, in a dialectic form, chymble, F.
cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.] 1. The harmonious sound of
bells, or of musical instruments.
Instruments that made melodius chime.
Milton.
2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other;
specif., in the pl., the music performed on such a
set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the
striking of the hours or their divisions.
We have heard the chimes at midnight.
Shak.
3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation,
or sound. \'bdChimes of verse.\'b8
Cowley.
Chime, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chiming.] [See Chime,
n.] 1. To sound in harmonious
accord, as bells.
2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to
harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with.
Everything chimed in with such a humor.
W. irving.
3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; --
followed by in or in with.
[Colloq.]
4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to
jingle, as in rhyming.
Cowley
Chime (?), v. i. 1. To
cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of
bells; to move or strike in harmony.
And chime their sounding hammers.
Dryden.
2. To utter harmoniously; to recite
rhythmically.
Chime his childish verse.
Byron.
Chim"er (?), n. One who
chimes.
Chime"ra (?), n.; pl.
Chimeras (#). [L.
chimaera a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. qymbr a yearling
ewe.] 1. (Myth.) A monster
represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion,
the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. \'bdDire
chimeras and enchanted isles.\'b8
Milton.
2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or
creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an
author.
Burke.
Chi*mere" (?), n. [OF.
chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It.
zimarra), fr. Sp. chamarra,
zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh.
from Ar. samm\'d4r the Scythian weasel or marten, the
sable. Cf. Simarre.] The upper robe worn by a
bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached.
Hook.
Chi*mer"ic (?), a.
Chimerical.
Chi*mer"ic*al (?), a. Merely
imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived;
having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought;
as, chimerical projects.
Syn. -- Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded;
vain; deceitful; delusive.
Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv. Wildy; vainly;
fancifully.
Chim"i*nage (?), n. [OF.
cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.]
(Old Law) A toll for passage through a
forest. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Chim"ney, n.; pl. Chimneys
(#). [F. chemin\'82e, LL.
caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace,
fireplace, Gr. 1. A
fireplace or hearth. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. That part of a building which contains the smoke
flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most
cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often
used instead of chimney shaft.
Hard by a cottage chimney smokes.
Milton.
3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame,
as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.
4. (Min.) A body of ore, usually of
elongated form, extending downward in a vein.
Raymond.
Chimney board, a board or screen used to close
a fireplace; a fireboard. -- Chimney cap, a
device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit
aperture always to leeward. -- Chimney corner,
the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire;
hence, the fireside. -- Chimney hook, a hook
for holding pats and kettles over a fire, -- Chimney
money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England
for each chimney. -- Chimney pot
(Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal
placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof.
-- Chimney swallow. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An American swift (Ch\'91ture
pelasgica) which lives in chimneys. (b) In
England, the common swallow (Hirundo rustica). --
Chimney sweep, Chimney
sweeper, one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a
boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.
Chim"ney-breast` (?), n.
(Arch.) The horizontal projection of a chimney
from the wall in which it is built; -- commonly applied to its
projection in the inside of a building only.
Chim"ney-piece` (?), n.
(Arch.) A decorative construction around the
opning of a fireplace.
Chim*pan"zee (?), n. [From the
native name: cf. F. chimpanz\'82,
chimpans\'82, chimpanz\'82e.]
(Zo\'94l.) An african ape (Anthropithecus
troglodytes <--, Pan troglodytes-->or Troglodytes
niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most
respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three
to four feet high.
Chin (?), n. [AS.
cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn,
Icel. kinn, cheek, Dan. & Sw. kind, L.
gena, Gr. hanu.
\'fb232.] 1. The lower extremity of the face
below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The exterior or under
surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in
birds.
Chi"na (?), n. 1. A
country in Eastern Asia.
2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for
porcelain. See Porcelain.
China aster (Bot.), a well-known
garden flower and plant. See Aster. -- China
bean. See under Bean, 1. -- China
clay See Kaolin. -- China
grass, Same as Ramie. -- China
ink. See India ink. -- China
pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of
Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having variously
colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. -- China
root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of
Smilax (S. China, from the East Indies; --
formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now
used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga
and Alpinia officinarum). -- China rose.
(Bot.) (a) A popular name for several
free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa
Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A
flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of
the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east
Indies. -- China shop, a shop or store for
the sale of China ware or of crockery. -- China
ware, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century
because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery
made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in
general. -- Pride of China, China
tree. (Bot.) See
Azedarach.
<-- p. 249 -->
Chin*al"dine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine + aldehyde.]
(Chem.) See Quinaldine.
Chi"na*man (?), n.; pl.
Chinamen (. A native of China;
a Chinese.
Chin"ca*pin (?), n. See
Chinquapin.
Chinch (?), n. [Cf. Sp.
chinche, fr. L. cimex.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The bedbug (Cimex
lectularius).
2. (Zo\'94l.) A bug (Blissus
leucopterus), which, in the United States, is very
destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; -- also called
chiniz, chinch bug,
chink bug. It resembles the bedbug in its
disgusting odor.
Chin"cha (?), n. [Cf.
Chinchilla.] (Zo\'94l.) A south
American rodent of the genus Lagotis.
Chinche (?), a. [F.
chiche miserly.] Parsimonious;
niggardly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chinch"er*ie (?), n.
Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and chincherie.
Caucer.
Chin*chil"la (?), n.
[Sp.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small
rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large
squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of
a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.
2. The fur of the chinchilla.
3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.
{ Chin*cho"na (?), Chin*co"na
(?). }See Cinchona.
Chin" cough" (?). [For chink
cough; cf. As. cincung long laughter, Scot.
kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG.
k\'c6chen to pant. Cf. Kinknaust,
Cough.] Whooping cough.
Chine (?), n. [Cf.
Chink.] A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep
ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of
Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep.
[Prov. Eng.] \'bdThe cottage in a
chine.\'b8
J. Ingelow.
Chine (?), n.[OF.
eschine, F. \'82chine, fr. OHG.
skina needle, prickle, shin, G. schiene
splint, schienbein shin. For the meaning cf. L.
spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf.
Shin.] 1. The backbone or spine of
an animal; the back. \'bdAnd chine with rising
bristles roughly spread.\'b8
Dryden.
2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the
adjoining parts, cut for cooking. [See Illust.
of Beef.]
3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the
projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a
stave.
Chine, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chined (?).] 1.
To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine
pieces.
2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the
chine..
Chined (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; -- used in
composition.
Beau. & Fl.
2. Broken in the back. [Obs.]
He's chined, goodman.
Beau. & Fl.
Chi"nese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to China; peculiar to China.
Chinese paper. See India paper,
under India. -- Chinese wax, a
snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China. It is the
bleached secretion of certain insects of the family
Coccid\'91 especially Coccus
Sinensis.
Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl. 1. A
native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with
oblique eyelids who live principally in China.
2. sing. The language of China,
which is monosyllabic.
Chineses was used as a plural by the
contemporaries of Shakespeare and Milton.
Chink (?), n. [OE.
chine, AS. c\'c6ne fissure, chink, fr.
c\'c6nan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to
sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.] A
small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a
gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall.
Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy
sky.
Shines out the dewy morning star.
Macaulay.
Chink, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chinked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chinking.] To crack; to
open.
Chink, v. t. 1. To cause to
open in cracks or fissures.
2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to
chink a wall.
Chink, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf.
Jingle.] 1. A short, sharp sound, as
of metal struck with a slight degree of violence.
\'bdChink of bell.\'b8
Cowper.
2. Money; cash. [Cant] \'bdTo
leave his chink to better hands.\'b8
Somerville.
Chink, v. t. To cause to make a sharp
metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by
bringing them into collision with each other.
Pope.
Chink, v. i. To make a slight, sharp,
metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or
other small sonorous bodies.
Arbuthnot.
Chink"y (?), a. Full of chinks
or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
Dryden.
Chinned (?), a. Having a chin;
-- used chiefly in compounds; as,
short-chinned.
Chi*noid"ine (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china Peruvian
bark) + --oil + -ine.]
(Chem.) See Quinodine.
Chin"o*line (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L.
oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
See Quinoline.
Chi"none (?), n. [NL.
chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) +
-one.] (Chem.) See
Quinone.
Chi*nook" (?), n. 1.
(Ethnol.) One of a tribe of North American
Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the
custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called
Flathead Indians.
2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the
Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky
Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.
3. A jargon of words from various languages (the
largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks)
generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern
territories of the United States.
Chin"qua*pin (?), n.
(Bot.) A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub
(Castanea pumila) of North America, from six to twenty
feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible
nat. [Written also chincapin and
chinkapin.]
Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak
(Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with
edible acorns. -- Western Chinquapin, an
evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of
the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree
30 to 125 feet high.
Chinse (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Chinsed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chinsing.] (Naut.) To thrust
oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a
knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly.
Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.
Chintz (?), n.; pl.
Chintzes (#). [Hindi
ch\'c6nt spotted cotton clooth, ch\'c6nt\'be
spot.] Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and
other devices, in a number of different colors, and often
glazed.
Swift.
Chiop*pine" (?), n. Same as
Chopine, n.
Chip (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chipped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chipping.] [Cf. G. kippen to
cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.]
1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce
to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew.
Shak.
2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as
of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.
3. To bet, as with chips in the game of
poker.
To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to
share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U.
S.]
Chip, v. i. To break or fly off in small
pieces.
Chip, n. 1. A piece of wood,
stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting
instrument.
2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small
piece.
3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or
straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or
bonnets.
4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor;
-- used contemptuously.
5. One of the counters used in poker and other
games.
6. (Naut.) The triangular piece of wood
attached to the log line.
Buffalo chips. See under
Buffalo. -- Chip ax, a small ax for
chipping timber into shape. -- Chip bonnet,
Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip.
See Chip, n., 3. -- A chip off the
old block, a child who resembles either of his
parents. [Colloq.] Milton.-
Potato chips, Saratoga chips,
thin slices of raw potato fried crisp.
Chip"munk` (?), n. [Indian
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A squirrel-like animal of
the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped
squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground
squirrel, hackee. The common species of the
United States is the Tamias striatus.
[Written also chipmonk, chipmuck,
and chipmuk.]
Chip"per (?), v. i.
[Cf. Cheep, Chirp.]
To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.]
Forby.
Chip"per, a. Lively; cheerful;
talkative. [U. S.]
Chip"pe*ways (?), n. pl.;
sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and
weastern shores of Lake Superior; -- called also
Objibways.
Chip"ping (?), n. 1. A
chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a
fragment.
2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off
small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a
timber or block of stone to shape.
3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of
potter's ware, porcelain, etc.
Chip"ping bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The chippy.
Chip"ping squir"rel (?). See
Chipmunk.
Chip"py (?), a. Abounding in,
or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.
Chip"py (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small American sparrow
(Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; --
also called chipping bird and
chipping sparrow, from its simple note.
Chips (?), n. (Naut.)
A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]
\'d8Chi*ra"gra (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. (Med.)
Gout in the hand.
Chi*rag"ric*al (?), a. Having
the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease.
Sir. T. Browne.
\'d8Chi*ret"ta (?), n. [Hind.
chir\'be\'c6t\'be.] A plant (Agathotes
Chirayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal
properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and
febrifuge.
Chirk (?), v. i. [Cf.
Chirp, also Creak.] 1. To
shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries.
[Obs.]
All full of chirkyng was that sorry place.
Cheucer.
2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chirk, v. t. To cheer; to enliven;
as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New
Eng. ]
Chirk, a. [From Chirk, v.
i.] Lively; cheerful; in good spirits.
[Colloq. New Eng.]
Chirm (?), v. i. [Cf. AS.
cyrman, cirman, to cry out. \'fb24 Cf.
Chirp.] To chirp or to make a mournful cry,
as a bird. [Obs.]
Huloet.
Chi*rog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. The art of judging
character by the shape and apperance of the hand.
Chi"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. (Old.
Law) (a) A writing which, reguiring a
counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment,
with a space between, in which was written the word
chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and
one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a
charter party. (b) The last part
of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the
fine.
Bouvier.
Chi*rog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One who practice the art or business of writing or
engrossing.
2. See chirographist, 2.
Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law),
an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed
fines.
{ Chi`ro*graph"ic (?),
Chi`ro*graph"ic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to chirography.
Chi*rog"ra*phist (?), n. 1.
A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.
2. One who tells fortunes by examining the
hand.
Chi*rog"ra*phy (?), n. 1.
The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as,
skilled in chirography.
2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the
hand.
Chi`ro*gym"nast (?), n. [Gr.
A
mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a
pianist.
Chi`ro*log"ic*al (?), a.
Relating to chirology.
Chi*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who
communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and
fingers.
Chi*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or practice of using
the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by
the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written
language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See
Dactylalogy.
Chi"ro*man`cer (?), n. One who
practices chiromancy.
Dryden.
Chi"ro*mancy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] The art or practice of
foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition
of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.
{ Chi"ro*man`ist (?),
Chi"ro*man`tist (?) } n.
[Gr. A chiromancer.
{ Chi`ro*man"tic (?),
Chi`ro*man"tic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to chiromancy.
Chi`ro*mon"ic (?), a. Relating
to chironomy.
Chi*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The art of moving the hands
in oratory or in pantomime; gesture [Obs.]
Chi"ro*plast (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.)
An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in
playing on the piano, etc.
Chi*rop"o*dist (?), n. [Gr. One who treats diseases of the
hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and
bunions.
Chirop"ody (?), n. The art of
treating diseases of the hands and feet.
Chiros"ophist (?), n. [Gr. Sophist.] A
fortune teller.
Chirp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chirped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chirping.] [Of imitative orgin. Cf.
Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm,
Chirrup.] To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as
of small birds or crickets.
Chirp, n. A short, sharp note, as of a
bird or insect. \'bdThe chirp of flitting
bird.\'b8
Bryant.
Chirp"er (?), n. One who
chirps, or is cheerful.
Chirp"ing (?), a. Cheering;
enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his
jokes.
Pope.
Chirp"ing*ly, adv. In a chirping
manner.
Chirre (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain.
\'fb24.] To coo, as a pigeon.
[Obs.]
Chir"rup (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chirruped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chirruping.] [See
Chirp.] To quicken or animate by chirping; to
cherup.
Chir"rup, v. i. To chirp.
Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth.
Goldsmith.
Chir"rup, n. The act of chirping; a
chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof.
Tennyson.
Chir"rupy (?), a. Cheerful;
joyous; chatty.
Chi*rur"geon (?), n. [F.
chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr. Gr.
Surgeon, Work.] A
surgeon. [Obs.]
Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv. Surgically.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Chi*rur"ger*y (?), n. [See
Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.]
Surgery. [Obs.]
{ Chi*rur"gic (?), Chirur"gical
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
chirurgiquerurgical, L. Chirurgicus, Gr.
Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgical.]
Surgical [Obs.]
\'bdChirurgical lore\'b8
Longfellow.
<-- p. 250 -->
Chis"el (?), n. [OF.
chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL.
cisellus, prob. for caesellus, fr. L.
caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf.
Scissors.] A tool with a cutting edge on one
end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in
timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or
hammer.
Cold chisel. See under Cold,
a.
Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chiseled (?), or Chiselled
(p. pr. & vb. n. Chiseling, or
Chiselling.] [Cf. F.
ciseler.] 1. To cut, pare, gouge,
or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of
marble into a statue.
2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat.
[Slang]
Chis"leu (?), n. [Heb.]
The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering
to a part of November with a part of December.
Chis"ley (?), a. [AS.
ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. Chessom.]
Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said
of a soil.
Gardner.
Chit (?), n. [Cf. AS.
c\'c6 shoot, sprig, from the same root as
c\'c6nan to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]
1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a
shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of
potatoes.
2. A child or babe; as, a forward
chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person
or animal.
A little chit of a woman.
Thackeray.
3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart.
[Obs.]
4. A small tool used in cleaving laths.
Knight.
Chit, v. i. To shoot out; to
sprout.
I have known barley chit in seven hours after it
had been thrown forth.
Mortimer.
Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.
Chideth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chit"chat (?), n. [From
Chat, by way of reduplication.] Familiar or
trifling talk; prattle.
Chi"tin (?), n. [See
Chiton.] (Chem.) A white amorphous
horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument
of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates;
entomolin.
Chi`ti*ni*za"tion (?), n. The
process of becoming chitinous.
Chi"ti*nous (?), a. Having the
nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
\'d8Chi"ton (?), n. [Gr. 1. An under garment
among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern
shirt.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of
gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal
plates. See Polyplacophora.
Chit"ter (?), v. i. [Cf.
Chatter.] 1. To chirp in a tremulous
manner, as a bird. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To shiver or chatter with cold.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Chit"ter*ling (?), n. The frill
to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the
small entrails. See Chitterlings.
[Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Chit"ter*lings (?), n. pl. [Cf.
AS. cwi\'ed womb, Icel. kvi\'eb, Goth.
qi\'edus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln
chitterlings.] (Cookery) The smaller
intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.
\'d8Chit"tra (?), n. [Native
Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The axis deer of
India.
Chit"ty (?), a. 1.
Full of chits or sprouts.
2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]
Chiv"a*chie` (?), n. [OF.
chevauchie, chevauch\'82e; of the same
origin as E. cavalcade.] A cavalry raid;
hence, a military expedition. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Chiv"al*ric (?), a. [See
Chivalry.] Relating to chivalry; knightly;
chivalrous.
Chiv"al*rous (?), a. [OF.
chevalerus, chevalereus, fr.
chevalier. See Chivalry.]
Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic;
gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.
In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise.
Spenser.
Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv. In a chivalrous
manner; gallantly; magnanimously.
Chiv"al*ry (?), n. [F.
chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF.,
horseman. See Chevalier, and cf.
Cavalry.] 1. A body or order of
cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors,
collectively; cavalry. \'bdHis Memphian
chivalry.\'b8
Milton.
By his light
Did all the chivalry of England move,
To do brave acts.
Shak.
2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit,
usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of
knight-errantry.
Dryden.
3. The qualifications or character of knights, as
valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.
The glory of our Troy this day doth lie
On his fair worth and single chivalry.
Shak.
4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by
knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's
performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or
military service to his lord.
5. Exploit. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Court of chivalry, a court formerly held
before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as
judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating
to deeds of arms and war.
Blackstone.
Chive (?), n. (Bot.)
A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]
Chive (?), n. [F.
cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion.
Cf. Cives, Cibol.] (Bot.)
A perennial plant (Allium Sch\'d2noprasum),
allied to the onion. The young leaves are used in omelets,
etc. [Written also cive.]
Chiv"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chivied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chivying.] [Cf. Chevy.]
To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang,
Eng.]
Dickens.
Chlam"y*date (?), a. [L.
chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak. See
Chlamys.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.
Chlam"y*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small
South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and
C. retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered
with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached
along the spine.
\'d8Chla"mys (?), n.; pl. E.
Chlamyses (#), L. Chlamydes
(#). [L., from Gr. A loose
and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of
cloak.
\'d8Chlo*as"ma (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous affection
characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.
Chlo"ral (?), n.
[Chlorine + alcohol.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid,
CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste,
obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl
alcohol.
2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate.
Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline
substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces
sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; -- called also
chloral.
Chlo"ral*am`ide (?), n.
[Chloral + amide.]
(Chem.) A compound of chloral and formic amide
used to produce sleep.
Chlo"ral*ism (?), n.
(Med.) A morbid condition of the system resulting
from excessive use of chloral.
Chlor`al"um (?), n.
[Chlorine + aluminium.] An
impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an
antiseptic and disinfectant.
Chlor`an"il (?), n.
[Chlorine + aniline.]
(Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance,
C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone,
obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene
derivatives, as aniline.
Chlo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorate. See Chlorine.]
(Chem.) A salt of chloric acid; as,
chlorate of potassium.
Chlor`au"rate (?), n.
[Chlorine + aurate.]
(Chem.) See Aurochloride.
Chlor`hy"dric (?), a.
[Chlorine + hydrogen +
-ic.] (Chem.) Same as
Hydrochloric.
Chlor`hy"drin (?), n.
(Chem.) One of a class of compounds formed from
certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the
substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.
Chlo"ric (?), a. [From
Chlorine.] Pertaining to, or obtained from,
chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this
element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest;
as, chloric acid, HClO3.
Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene
dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under
Dutch.
Chlo"ri*date (?), v.t. To treat
or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver,
for the purposes of photography.
R. Hunt.
Chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of chlorine with another element or
radical; as, chloride of sodium (common
salt).
Chloride of ammonium, sal ammoniac. --
Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish
white substance, CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See
Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous.
-- Mercuric chloride, corrosive
sublimate.
Chlo*rid"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.
Chlo"rid*ize (?), v. t. See
Chloridate.
Chlo*rim"e*try (?), n. See
Chlorometry.
Chlo"rin*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chlorinated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chlorinating.] (Chem.) To
treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.
Chlo`ri*na"tion (?), n. The act
or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine;
especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of
the auriferous material to chlorine gas.
Chlo"rine (?), n. [Gr. Yellow.] (Chem.) One of the
elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow
gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely
disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is
abundant in nature, the most important compound being common
salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting
agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
Chlorine family, the elements fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and
classed together from their common peculiariries.
Chlor`i*od"ic (?), a.
Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and
iodine.
Chlor`i"o*dine (?), n. A
compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]
Chlo"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) The name
of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to
granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina,
iron, and magnesia.
Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty rock
consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
Chlo"rite, n. [Chlorous +
-ite.] (Chem.) Any salt of
chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.
Chlo*rit"ic (?), a. [From 1st
Chlorite.] Pertaining to, or containing,
chlorite; as, chloritic sand.
Chlor`meth"ane (?), n.
(Chem.) A colorless gas, CH3Cl,
of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also
methyl chloride.
<-- Also chloromethane. b. p. -23.7
Chlo"ro- (?). (Chem.) A prefix
denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the
substance named.
Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin (?), n. [Gr.
cruorin.]
(Physiol.) A green substance, supposed to be the
cause of the green color of the blood in some species of
worms.
Ray Lankester.
Chlo"ro*dyne (?), n. [From
chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.]
(Med.) A patent anodyne medicine, containing
opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.
Chlo"ro*form (?), n.
[Chlorine + formyl, it having been
regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F.
chloroforme, G. chloroform.]
(Chem.) A colorless volatile liquid,
CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish
taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It
is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively
used to produce an\'91sthesia in surgical operations; also
externally, to alleviate pain.
Chlo"ro*form (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chloroformed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chloroforming.] To treat with
chloroform, or to place under its influence.
Chlo`ro*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.
leucite.] (Bot.)
Same as Chloroplastid.
Chlo*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorom\'8atre. See Chlorine, and
-meter.] An instrument to test the decoloring
or bleaching power of chloride of lime.
Chlo*rom"e*try (?), n. The
process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of
chlorine.
Chlo*ro"pal (?), n. [Gr. opal.] (Min.) A
massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance.
It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.
Chlo`ro*pep"tic (?), a.
[Chlorine + peptic.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to an acid more
generally called pepsin-hydrochloric acid.
Chlo"ro*phane (?), n. [Gr. chlorophane.]
1. (Min.) A variety of fluor spar,
which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.
2. (Physiol.) The yellowish green
pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See
Chromophane.
Chlo"ro*phyll (?), n. [Gr. chlorophylle.]
(Bot.) Literally, leaf green; a green granular
matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed
to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and
through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes
place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the
tissues of the lower animals. [Written also
chlorophyl.]
Chlo`ro*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr.
plastid.] (Bot.)
A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called
chloroleucite.
Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) See Platinichloric.
\'d8Chlo*ro"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. chlorose.]
1. (Med.) The green sickness; an
an\'91mic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or
grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.
2. (Bot.) A disease in plants, causing
the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal
green color.
Chlo*rot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
chlorotique.] Pertaining to, or affected
by, chlorosis.
Chlo"rous (?), a. [See
Chlorine.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in
which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in
chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid,
HClO2.
2. (Chem. Physics) Pertaining to, or
resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence,
electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or
zincous. [Obs.]
Chlor`pi"crin (?), n.
(Chem.) A heavy, colorless liquid,
CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by
subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine.
[Written also chloropikrin.]
Chlo"ru*ret (?), n. [Cf. F.
chlorure.] (Chem.) A
chloride. [Obs.]
Choak (?), v. t. & i. See
Choke.
Cho"a*noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)
Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle
attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and
mammals.
Cho"card (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chough.
Chock (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chocked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chocking.] To stop or fasten, as with a
wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or
cask.
Chock, v. i. To fill up, as a
cavity. \'bdThe woodwork . . . exactly chocketh
into joints.\'b8
Fuller.
Chock, n. 1. A wedge, or block
made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp.
something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from
moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.
2. (Naut.) A heavy casting of metal,
usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms
curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for
towing, mooring, etc.
Chock, adv. (Naut.) Entirely;
quite; as, chock home; chock
aft.
Chock, v. t. [F. choquer. Cf.
Shock, v. t.] To encounter.
[Obs.]
Chock, n. An encounter.
[Obs.]
Chock"a*block (?), a.
(Naut.) Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit;
brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in
hoisting.
Chock"-full` (?), a. Quite
full; choke-full.
Choc"o*late (?), n. [Sp., fr.
the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. Cacao,
Cocoa.] 1. A paste or cake composed
of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and
mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or
vanilla.
2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the
paste or cake in boiling water or milk.
Chocolate house, a house in which customers
may be served with chocolate. -- Chocolate nut.
See Cacao.
Choc"taws (?), n. pl.;
sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe
of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times
noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace
with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes
of the Indian Territory.
Chode (?), the old imp. of
chide. See Chide.
Chog"set (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cunner.
<-- p. 251 -->
Choice (?), n. [OE.
chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr.
choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth.
kausjan to examine, kiusan to choose,
examine, G. kiesen. \'fb46. Cf.
Choose.] 1. Act of choosing; the
voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things
that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in
preferring one thing to another; election.
2. The power or opportunity of choosing;
option.
Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take
be so in our power that we might have refused it.
Hooker.
3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in
distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a
preference; discrimination.
I imagine they [the apothegms of C\'91sar] were collected with
judgment and choice.
Bacon.
4. A sufficient number to choose among.
Shak.
5. The thing or person chosen; that which is
approved and selected in preference to others; selection.
The common wealth is sick of their own choice.
Shak.
6. The best part; that which is preferable.
The flower and choice
Of many provinces from bound to bound.
Milton.
To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to
separate and take in preference.
Syn. - See Volition, Option.
Choice, a. [Compar.
Choicer (?); superl.
Choicest (?).] 1.
Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior;
precious; valuable.
My choicest hours of life are lost.
Swift.
2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable;
frugal; -- used with of; as, to be choice
of time, or of money.
3. Selected with care, and due attention to
preference; deliberately chosen.
Choice word measured phrase.
Wordsworth.
Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary;
careful/
Choice"ful (?), a. Making
choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth fit.
Spenser.
Choice"ly, adv. 1. With care in
choosing; with nice regard to preference. \'bdA band of men
collected choicely, from each county some.\'b8
Shak.
2. In a preferable or excellent manner;
excellently; eminently. \'bdChoicely good.\'b8
Walton.
Choice"ness, n. The quality of being of
particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.
Choir (?), n. [OE.
quer, OF. cuer, F. ch\'d2ur, fr.
L. chorus a choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. hortus garden, and E. yard. See
Chorus.] 1. A band or organized
company of singers, especially in church service.
[Formerly written also quire.]
2. That part of a church appropriated to the
singers.
3. (Arch.) The chancel.
Choir organ (Mus.), one of the
three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each
separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a
portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more
practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the
vocal choir. -- Choir screen, Choir
wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall
separating the choir from the aisles. -- Choir
service, the service of singing performed by the
choir.
T. Warton.
Choke (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Choked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Choking.]
[OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS.
\'beceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to
gulp, E. chincough, cough.]
1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing
upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to
strangle.
With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder.
Shak.
2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any
passage; to block up.
Addison.
3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion,
progress, etc.; to stifle.
Oats and darnel choke the rising corn.
Dryden.
4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by
passion or strong feeling. \'bdI was choked at
this word.\'b8
Swift.
5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the
bore of the barrel of a shotgun.
To choke off, to stop a person in the
execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by
uproar.
Choke, v. i. 1. To have the
windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by
stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.
2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick.
The words choked in his throat.
Sir W. Scott.
Choke, n. 1. A stoppage or
irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of
strangulation.
2. (Gun.) (a) The tied end of a
cartridge. (b) A constriction in the bore of
a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.
Choke"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped
fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing
in damp thickets; also, the shrub.
Choke"cher`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The astringent fruit of a species of wild
cherry (Prunus Virginiana); also, the bush or tree
which bears such fruit.
Choke" damp` (?). See Carbonic
acid, under Carbonic.
\'d8Cho`ke*dar" (?), n. [Hindi
chauk\'c6-d\'ber.] A watchman; an officer
of customs or police. [India]
Choke"-full` (?), a. Full to
the brim; quite full; chock-full.
Choke" pear` (?). 1. A kind of
pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with
difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the
mouth.
2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence;
anything that can not be answered. [Low]
S. Richardson.
Chok"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, chokes.
2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock.
[Slang]
Choke"-strap` (?), n.
(Saddlery) A strap leading from the bellyband to
the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.
Chok"ing (?), a. 1.
That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.
2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a
person affected with strong emotion.
{ Chok"y Chok"ey } (?),
a. 1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or
having power to suffocate.
2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with
strong emotion. \'bdA deep and choky voice.\'b8
Aytoun.
The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather
chokey.
T. Hughes.
\'d8Cho*l\'91"ma*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)
A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms,
dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in
the blood.
Chol"a*gogue (?), a. [Gr. cholagogue.] (Med.) Promoting
the discharge of bile from the system. --
n. An agent which promotes the discharge of
bile from the system.
Cho"late (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A salt of cholic acid;
as, sodium cholate.
\'d8Chol`e*cys"tis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The gall bladder.
Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my (?), n.
[Cholecystis + Gr.
(Surg.) The operation of making an opening in the
gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.
Chol`e*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy. Cf. F.
chol\'82dologie.] (Med.) A
treatise on the bile and bilary organs.
Dunglison.
chol\'82dologie is absolutely barbarous, there being
no Greek word cholology.
Cho*le"ic (?), a. (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as,
choleic acid.
Chol"er (?), n. [OE.
coler, F. col\'8are anger, L.
cholera a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. Gall, and cf.
Cholera.] 1. The bile; -- formerly
supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility.
[Obs.]
His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a
mixture of choler; and yet his motion was slow.
I. Warton.
2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath.
He is rash and very sudden in choler.
Shak.
Chol"er*a (?), n. [L., a
bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)
One of several diseases affecting the digestive and
intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one
commonly called Asiatic cholera.
Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal
disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more
filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific
poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea,
rice-water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and
lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by
death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. -- Cholera
bacillus. See Comma bacillus. --
Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of
infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and
especially fatal in large cities. -- Cholera
morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and
purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence
in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. -- Chicken
cholera. See under Chicken. -- Hog
cholera. See under Hog. -- Sporadic
cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic
cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming
epidemic.
Chol`er*a"ic (?), a. Relating
to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.
Chol"er*ic (?), a. [L.
cholericus, Gr. chol\'82rique.] 1. Abounding with,
or producing choler, or bile.
Dryden.
2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to
anger.
3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger.
\'bdCholeric speech.\'b8
Sir W. Raleigh.
Choleric temperament, the bilious
temperament.
Chol"er*ic*ly, adv. In a choleric
manner; angrily.
Chol"er*i*form` (?), a.
[Cholera + -form.]
Resembling cholera.
Chol"er*ine (?), n.
(Med.) (a) The precursory symptoms of
cholera. (b) The first stage of epidemic
cholera. (c) A mild form of cholera.
Chol"er*oid, a. [Cholera +
-oid.] Choleriform.
Cho`les*ter"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
cholest\'82rique.] Pertaining to
cholesterin, or obtained from it; as, cholesteric
acid.
Ure.
Cho*les"ter*in (?), n. [Gr. cholest\'82rine. See
Stearin.] (Chem.) A white, fatty,
crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal
and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in
the bile, and in gallstones.
{ Cho"li*amb (?), Cho`li*am"bic
(?), } n. [L.
choliambus, Gr.
(Pros.) A verse having an iambus in the fifth
place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.
{ Chol"ic (?), Cho*lin"ic
(?), } a. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or
obtained from, the bile.
Cholic acid (Chem.), a complex
organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and
glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous
substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white
crystals.
Cho"line (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) See
Neurine.
Chol"o*chrome (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
Chol`o*ph\'91"in (?), n. [Gr.
(Physiol.) See
Bilirubin.
\'d8Chol"try (?), n. A Hindoo
caravansary.
Chomp (?), v. i. To chew loudly
and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]
Halliwell.
Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) Formation of, or conversion into,
cartilage.
Chon"dri*fy (?), v. t. & i.
[Gr. -fy.] To convert,
or be converted, into cartilage.
Chon"dri*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling
in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.
Chon*drig"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
-genous.] (Physiol.)
Affording chondrin.
Chon"drin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A colorless,
amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed
from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling
water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of
commercial gelatin.
Chon"drite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.)
A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of
chondrules.
Chon*drit"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Granular; pertaining to, or having the
granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites
called chondrites.
\'d8Chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. -itis.]
(Med.) An inflammation of cartilage.
Chon"dro- (?). [Gr. A combining form meaning a
grain, granular, granular cartilage,
cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium,
the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of
embryos.
Chon"dro*dite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.)
A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color,
often occurring in granular form in a crystalline
limestone.
\'d8Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See
Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of
ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; -- so called on account
of their cartilaginous skeleton.
Chon"dro*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Same as Chondrigen.
Chon`dro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
genesis.] (Physiol.)
The development of cartilage.
Chon"droid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling
cartilage.
Chon*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
chondrologie.] (Anat.) The
science which treats of cartilages.
Dunglison.
\'d8Chon*dro"ma (?), n.; pl.
Chondromata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] A cartilaginous tumor or
growth.
Chon*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
-meter.] A steelyard for weighting
grain.
Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an (?), a.
[Cf. F. chondropterygien.] Having a
cartilaginous skeleton. -- n. One of
the Chondropterygii.
\'d8Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of fishes, characterized by
cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids
(sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often
restricted to the latter. [Written also
Chondropterygia.]
\'d8Chon*dros"te*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, including the
sturgeons; -- so named because the skeleton is
cartilaginous.
Chon*drot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) The dissection of
cartilages.
Chon"drule (?), n. [Dim. from
Gr.
(Min.) A peculiar rounded granule of some
mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or
less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are
hence called chondrites.
Choose (?), v. t.
[imp. Chose (?); p.
p. Chosen (?), Chose (Obs.);
p. pr. & vb. n. Choosing.]
[OE. chesen, cheosen, AS.
ce\'a2san; akin to OS. kiosan, D.
kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel.
kj\'d3sa, Goth. kiusan, L.
gustare to taste, Gr. jush to
enjoy. \'fb46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]
1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of
preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to
choose the least of two evils.
Choose me for a humble friend.
Pope.
2. To wish; to desire; to prefer.
[Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not
choose a more genteel apartment.
Goldsmith.
To choose sides. See under
Side.
Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow.
-- To Choose, Prefer, Elect.
To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or
fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a
decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or
favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than,
another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To
elect is to choose or select for some office,
employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent
vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To
choose a profession; to prefer private life
to a public one; to elect members of Congress.
Choose, v. i. 1. To make a
selection; to decide.
They had only to choose between implicit obedience
and open rebellion.
Prescott.
2. To do otherwise. \'bdCan I
choose but smile?\'b8
Pope.
Can not choose but, must
necessarily.
Thou canst not choose but know who I am.
Shak.
Choos"er (?), n. One who
chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an
elector.
Burke.
Chop (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chopped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chopping.] [Cf. LG. & D.
kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa.
Cf. Chap to crack.] 1. To cut by
striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces;
to mince; -- often with up.
<-- p. 252 -->
2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a
sharp instrument; to divide; -- usually with off or
down.
Chop off your hand, and it to the king.
Shak.
3. To seize or devour greedily; -- with
up. [Obs.]
Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which
the fox presently chopped up.
L'estrange.
Chop (?), v. i. 1. To
make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other
sharp instrument.
2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected
motion; to catch or attempt to seize.
Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the
shadow, and loses the substance.
L'Estrange.
3. To interrupt; -- with in or
out.
This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly
chopping in.
Latimer.
Chop, v. t. [Cf. D. koopen to
buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf.
Chap, v. i., to buy.] 1.
To barter or truck.
2. To exchange; substitute one thing for
another.
We go on chopping and changing our friends.
L'Estrange.
To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use
of logical terms; to argue sophistically.
Chop, v. i. 1. To purchase by
way of truck.
2. (Naut.) To vary or shift suddenly;
as, the wind chops about.
3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words.
Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the
judge.
Bacon.
Chop, n. A change; a vicissitude.
Marryat.
Chop, v. t. & i. To crack. See
Chap, v. t. & i.
Chop, n. 1. The act of
chopping; a stroke.
2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece,
especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.
3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.
Chop, n. [See Chap.]
1. A jaw of an animal; -- commonly in the
pl. See Chops.
2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden
vise.
3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river,
harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West
Chop. See Chops.
Chop, n. [Chin. & Hind.
ch\'bep stamp, brand.]
1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first
chop.
2. A permit or clearance.
Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to attest
its purity. -- chop of tea, a number of boxes
of the same make and quality of leaf. -- Chowchow
chop. See under Chowchow. -- Grand
chop, a ship's port clearance.
S. W. Williams.
Chop"boat` (?), n. [Chin.
chop sort, quality.] A licensed lighter
employed in the transportation of goods to and from
vessels. [China]
S. W. Williams.
Chop"church` (?), n. [See
Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law) An
exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]
Chop`fall`en (?), a. Having the
lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected;
dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.
Chop"house` (?), n. A house
where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse.
W. Irving.
Chop"house`, n. [See Chop
quality.] A customhouse where transit duties are
levied. [China]
S. W. Williams.
Chop"in (?), n. [F.
chopine, fr. G. schoppen.] A
liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying
from half a pint to a wine quart.
Chop"in, n. See Chopine.
Cho*pine" (?), n. [Cf. OF.
chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg.
chapim.] A clog, or patten, having a very
thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a
foot or more. [Variously spelt chioppine,
chopin, etc.]
Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by
the altitude of a chopine.
Shak.
Chop"-log`ic (?), n. One who
bandies words or is very argunentative.
[Jocular]
Shak.
Chop"ness (?), n. A kind of
spade. [Eng.]
Chop"per (?), n. One who, or
that which, chops.
Chop"ping (?), a. [Cf.
Chubby.] Stout or plump; large.
[Obs.]
Fenton.
Chop"ping, a. [See Chop to
barter.] Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind;
also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a
chopping sea.
Chop"ping, n. Act of cutting by
strokes.
Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which
butchers and others chop meat, etc. -- Chopping
knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat,
vegetables, etc.; -- usually with a handle at the back of the
blade instead of at the end.
Chop"py (?), a. [Cf.
Chappy.] 1. Full of cracks.
\'bdChoppy finger.\'b8
Shak.
2. [Cf. Chop a change.] Rough,
with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy
sea.
Chops (?), n. pl. [See
Chop a jaw.] 1. The jaws; also, the
fleshy parts about the mouth.
2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river,
channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the
English Channel.
Chop"strick" (?), n. One of two
small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese and
Japanese to convey food to the mouth.
Cho*rag"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a choragus.
Choragic monument, a building or column built
by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the
tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and
Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.
\'d8Cho*ra"gus (?), n.; pl.
Choragi (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense
and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical
contents at Athens.
Cho"ral (?), a. [LL.
choralis, fr. L. chorus. See
Chorus.] Of or pertaining to a choir or
chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or
harmony.
Choral service, a service of song.
Cho"ral, n. (Mus.) A hymn
tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation;
as, the Lutheran chorals.
[Sometimes written chorale.]
Cho"ral*ist (?), n. A singer or
composer of chorals.
Cho"ral*ly, adv. In the manner of a
chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.
Chord (?), n. [L
chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord. See Cord.] 1. The
string of a musical instrument.
Milton.
2. (Mus.) A combination of tones
simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony,
as, the common chord.
3. (Geom.) A right line uniting the
extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.
4. (Anat.) A cord. See Cord,
n., 4.
5. (Engin.) The upper or lower part of a
truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or
tension.
Waddell.
Accidental, Common,
and Vocal chords. See under
Accidental, Common, and Vocal. --
Chord of an arch. See Illust. of
Arch. -- Chord of curvature, a chord
drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for
that point. -- Scale of chords. See
Scale.
Chord, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chording.] To provide with musical
chords or strings; to string; to tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell.
Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his
harp.
Beecher.
Chord, v. i. (Mus.) To
accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords
with that.
\'d8Chor"da (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. chorda. See Chord.]
(Anat.) A cord.
\'d8Chorda dorsalis (. [NL.,
lit., cord of the back.] (Anat.) See
Notochord.
Chor"dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chord.
\'d8Chor*da"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. chorda cord.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of animals
including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those
having a dorsal nervous cord.
Chor*dee" (?), n. [F.
cord\'82, cord\'82e, p. p. of
corder to cord.] (Med.) A
painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature,
occurring in gonorrhea.
Chore (?), n. [The same word as
char work done by the day.] A small job; in
the pl., the regular or daily light work of a
household or farm, either within or without doors.
[U. S.]
Chore, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chored (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Choring.] To do chores. [U.
S.]
Chore (?), n. A choir or
chorus. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Cho*re"a (?). n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a
disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary
movements of the muscles or limbs.
Cho*ree" (?), n. [F.
chor\'82e.] See Choreus.
{ Cho`re*graph"ic (?),
Cho`re*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to choregraphy.
Cho*reg"ra*phy (?), n. [GR. -graphy.] The art of representing
dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes.
Craig.
Cho*re"ic (?), a. Of the nature
of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.
Cho`re*pis"co*pal (?), a.
Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or
authority.
\'d8Cho`re*pis"co*pus (?), n.;
pl. Chorepiscopi (#). [L.,
fr. Gr. Bishop.] (Eccl.) A \'bdcountry\'b8
or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a
diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural
district.
\'d8Cho*re"us (?), Cho*ree"
(, n. [L. choreus,
Gr. chor\'82e.] (Anc. Pros.) (a)
a trochee. (b) A tribrach.
Cho"ri*amb (?), n.; pl.
Choriambs (. Same as
Choriambus.
Cho`ri*am"bic (?), a. [L.
choriambicus, gr. Pertaining to a
choriamb. -- n. A
choriamb.
Cho`ri*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L.
Choriambi (#), E. Choriambuses
(#). [L. choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.) A
foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last
are long, and the other short (- \'de \'de -); that is, a
choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.
Cho"ric (?), a. [L.
choricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to a
chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba.
Coleridge.
\'d8Cho"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
1. (Anat.) (a) The outer
membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar
membrane investing many ova at certain stages of
development. (b) The true skin, or
cutis.
2. (Bot.) The outer membrane of seeds of
plants.
\'d8Cho"ri*sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.
collateral chorisis the parts are side
by side. -- In parallel or median chorisis
they are one in front of another.
Cho"rist (?), n. [F.
choriste.] A singer in a choir; a
chorister. [R.]
Chor"is*ter (?), n. [See
Chorus.] 1. One of a choir; a singer
in a chorus.
Dryden.
2. One who leads a choir in church music.
[U. S.]
Cho*ris"tic (?), a. Choric;
choral. [R.]
Cho"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An instrument for
constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.
Cho*rog"ra*pher (?), n. 1.
One who describes or makes a map of a district or
region. \'bdThe chorographers of Italy.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates
the locality of ancient places.
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to chorography. --
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Cho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
chorographia, Gr. the mapping or description of a region or
district.
The chorography of their provinces.
Sir T. Browne.
Cho"roid (?), a. [gr. (Anat.) resembling the
chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles
of the brain, and the choroid coat of the
eyeball. -- n. The choroid coat
of the eye. See Eye.
Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of the
delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of
blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the
brain.
Cho*roid"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the choroid coat.
Cho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) The
science which treats of the laws of distribution of living
organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude,
locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology.
Huxley.
Cho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] The art of surveying a
region or district.
Cho"rus (?), n.; pl.
Choruses (#). [L., a dance in a
ring, a dance accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers
and singers. Gr. Choir.]
1. (Antiq.) A band of singers and
dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a
chorus of singers.
Dryden.
2. (Gr. Drama) A company of persons
supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to
sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or
verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the
chorus.
What the lofty, grave tragedians taught
In chorus or iambic.
Milton.
3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play.
[Obs.]
4. (Mus.) A company of singers singing
in concert.
5. (Mus.) A composition of two or more
parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of
voices.
6. (Mus.) Parts of a song or hymn
recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company
of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir
in singing such parts.
7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy
demonstration; as, a Chorus of shouts and
catcalls.
Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Chorused (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chorusing.] To sing in chorus;
to exclaim simultaneously.
W. D. Howells.
\'d8Chose (?), n.; pl.
Choses (#). [F., fr. L.
causa cause, reason. See Cause.]
(Law) A thing; personal property.
Chose in action, a thing of which one has not
possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a
right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at
the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to
possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover
money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be
enforced against a reluctant party without suit. --
Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as
distinguished from a thing in action. --
Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a
mill. -- Chose transitory, a thing which is
movable.
Cowell. Blount.
Chose (?), imp. & p. p. of
Choose.
Cho"sen (?), p. p. of
Choose. Selected from a number; picked out;
choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed.
Judg. xx. 16.
Cho"sen, n. One who, or that which is
the object of choice or special favor.
Chou"an (?), n. [F.]
One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany,
etc.), during and after the French revolution.
Chough (?), n. [OE.
choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca),
fr. AS. ce\'a2; cf. also D. kauw, OHG.
ch\'beha; perh. akin to E. caw. \'fb22. Cf.
Caddow.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the
Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is of a
black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; --
also called chauk,
chauk-daw, chocard,
Cornish chough, red-legged
crow. The name is also applied to several allied birds,
as the Alpine chough.
Cornish chough (Her.), a bird
represented black, with red feet, and beak; -- called also
aylet and sea
swallow.
\'d8Chou"i*cha (?), n. [Native
name] (Zo\'94l.) The salmon of the Columbia
River or California. See Quinnat.
\'d8Chou"ka (?), n. [Native
name] (Zo\'94l.) The Indian four-horned
antelope; the chikara.
Choule (?), n. [Obs.]
See Jowl.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Choul"try (?), n. See
Choltry.
Chouse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Choused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chousing.] [From Turk.
ch\'be\'d4sh a messenger or interpreter, one of whom,
attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish
merchants resident in England out of \'9c4,000.] To
cheat, trick, defraud; -- followed by of, or out
of; as, to chouse one out of his
money. [Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath
choused your highness.
Landor.
Chouse, n. 1. One who is easily
cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull.
Hudibras.
2. A trick; sham; imposition.
Johnson.
3. A swindler.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Chout (?), n. [Mahratta
chauth one fourth part.] An assessment
equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India]
J. Mill.
Chow"chow` (?), a.
[Chin.] Consisting of several kinds mingled
together; mixed; as, chowchow sweetmeats (preserved
fruits put together).
<-- p. 253 -->
Chowchow chop, the last lighter containing the
small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship.
S. W. Williams.
Chow"chow` (?), n. (Com.)
A kind of mixed pickles.
Chow"der (?), n. [F.
chaudi\'8are a kettle, a pot. Cf.
Caldron.] 1. (Cookery) A
dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed
together.
2. A seller of fish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black
spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.
Chow"der, v. t. To make a chowder
of.
\'d8Chow"ry (?), n. [Hind.
chaunri.] A whisk to keep off files, used
in the East Indies.
Malcom.
Chow"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. OE.
chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to
grumble.] To grumble or mutter like a froward
child. [Obs.]
E. Phillips.
Choy" root` (?). See Chay
root.
Chre`ma*tis"tics (?), n. [Gr.
The science of wealth; the science, or a
branch of the science, of political economy.
Chre`o*tech"nics (?), n. [Gr.
The science of the useful arts,
esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce.
[R.]
Chres`to*math"ic (?), a.
Teaching what is useful. \'bdA
chrestomathic school.\'b8
Southey.
Chres*tom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr.
A selection of
passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language;
as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.
Chrism (?), n. [OE.
crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE.
creme, fr. OF. cresme, like the AS. word
fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. friare, fricare, to rub, Skr.
gharsh, E. friable, friction.
Cf. Chrisom.] (Gr. & R. C. Church
1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices,
consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the
administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.
2. The same as Chrisom.
Chris"mal (?), a. [LL.
chrismalis.] Of or pertaining to or used in
chrism.
Chris*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
chrismatio.] The act of applying the
chrism, or consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was
used in baptism.
Jer. Taylor.
Chris"ma*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
chrismatorium.] A cruet or vessel in which
chrism is kept.
Chris"om (?), n. [See
Chrism.]
1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white
mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened.
[Obs.]
2. A child which died within a month after its
baptism; -- so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a
shroud for it. [Obs.]
Blount.
Christ (?), n. [L.
Christus, Gr. chri`ein to anoint. See Chrism.]
The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the
Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.
Christ"cross` (?), n. 1.
The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped
on certain objects, -- sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a
dial.
The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of
noon.
Old Play. Nares.
2. The beginning and the ending.
[Obs.]
Quarles.
Christ"cross-row` (?), The alphabet; --
formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it,
or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing
it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm.
From infant conning of the Christcross-row.
Wordsworth.
Chris"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Christened
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Christening.] [AS. cristnian
to make a Christian, fr. cristen a Christian.]
1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.
2. To give a name; to denominate.
\'bdChristen the thing what you will.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
3. To Christianize. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
4. To use for the first time.
[Colloq.]
Chris"ten*dom (?), n. [AS.
cristend; cristen a Christian +
-dom.] 1. The profession of faith
in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the
adoption of it. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. The name received at baptism; or, more
generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.]
Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms.
Shak.
3. That portion of the world in which Christianity
prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in
distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands.
The Arian doctrine which then divided
Christendom.
Milton
A wide and still widening Christendom.
Coleridge.
4. The whole body of Christians.
Hooker.
Chris"tian (?), n. [L.
christianus, Gr. cristen. See
Christ.]
1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to
believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him;
especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the
doctrines of Christ.
The disciples were called Christians first in
Antioch.
Acts xi. 26.
2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian
parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an
opposing system.
3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a
Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of
fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in
church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called
Disciples of Christ, and
Campbellites. (b) One of a
sect (called Christian Connection) of
open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only
authoritative rule of faith and practice.
kr\'c6s"chan.
Chris"tian (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as,
Christian people.
3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical;
as, a Christian court.
Blackstone.
4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized;
kind; kindly; gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art.
Tennyson.
Christian Commission. See under
Commission. -- Christian court. Same
as Ecclesiastical court. -- Christian
era, the present era, commencing with the birth of
Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk
(Dionysius Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era,
its commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that
1890 should be 1893 or 1894. -- Christian name,
the name given in baptism, as distinct from the family name,
or surname.
Chris`tian*ism (?), n. [L.
christianismus, Gr. christianisme.] 1. The Christian
religion. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. The Christian world; Christendom.
[Obs.]
Johnson
Chris"tian*ite (?), n. [In
sense (a) named after Christian Frederic,
of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian
VII., of Denmark.] (Min.) (a) Same
as Anorthite. [R.] (b)
See Phillipsite.
Chris*tian"i*ty (?), n. [OE.
cristiente, OF. cristient\'82, F.
chr\'82tient\'82, fr. L. christianitas.
]
1. The religion of Christians; the system of
doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.
2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward
life to the spirit of the Christian religion
3. The body of Christian believers.
[Obs.]
To Walys fled the christianitee
Of olde Britons.
Chaucer.
Chris`tian*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of converting or being converted to a
true Christianity.
Chris"tian*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Christianized
(; p. pr. vb. n.
Christianizing.] [Cf. F.
christianiser, L. christianizare, fr. Gr.
1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity;
as, to Christianize pagans.
2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian
principles.
Christianized philosophers.
I. Taylor.
Chris"tian*ize, v. i. To adopt the
character or belief of a Christian; to become Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize.
Latham.
Chris"tian*like` (?), a.
Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion.
Shak.
Chris"tian*ly, adv. In a manner becoming
the principles of the Christian religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly
borne.
Sharp.
Chris"tian*ly, a. Christianlike.
Longfellow.
Chris"tian*ness, n. Consonance with the
doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.]
Hammond.
Christ"less (?), a. Without
faith in Christ; unchristian.
Tennyson.
Christ"like` (?), a. Resembling
Christ in character, actions, etc. --
Christ"like`ness, n.
Christ"ly, a. Christlike.
H. Bushnell.
Christ"mas (?), n.
[Christ + mass.] An annual
church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday,
in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a
particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings,
and hospitality.
Christmas box. (a) A box in which
presents are deposited at Christmas. (b) A
present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at
Christmas; a Christmas gift. -- Christmas
carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for,
Christmas. -- Christmas day. Same as
Christmas. -- Christmas eve, the
evening before Christmas. -- Christmas fern
(Bot.), an evergreen North American fern
(Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for
decoration in winter. -- Christmas flower,
Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a
poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe
often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter. --
Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up
indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and
illuminated on Christmas eve.
Christ"mas*tide` (?), n.
[Christmas + tide time.]
The season of Christmas.
Chris"to*cen"tric (?), a.
[Christ + centric.] Making
Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in
religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object
of thought or emotion.
J. W. Chadwick.
Chris*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Crist + -logy.] A treatise
on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the
personality, attributes, or life of Christ.
Chris"tom (?), n. See
Chrisom. [Obs.]
Shak.
Chris*toph"a*ny (?), n.
[Christ + Gr. An
appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the
crucifixion.
Christ's-thorn` (?), n.
(Bot.) One of several prickly or thorny shrubs
found in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus,
Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris.
The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be
considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown
of Thorns.
Chro"ma*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for showing
the optical effects of color.
Chro"mate (?), n. [Cf. F.
chromate. See Chrome.]
(Chem.) A salt of chromic acid.
Chro*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
chromaticus, Gr.
1. Relating to color, or to colors.
2. (Mus.) Proceeding by the smaller
intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the
regular intervals of the diatonic scale.
Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See
Aberration, 4. -- Chromatic
printing, printing from type or blocks covered with
inks of various colors. -- Chromatic scale
(Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones,
including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate
tones.
Chro*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Chromatic. [Obs.]
Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a chromatic
manner.
Chro*mat"ics (?), n. The
science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the
properties of colors.
Chro"ma*tin (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Tissue which is
capable of being stained by dyes.
Chro"ma*tism (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Optics) The state of being colored,
as in the case of images formed by a lens.
2. (Bot.) An abnormal coloring of
plants.
Chro`ma*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
-genous.] Producing
color.
Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] A treatise on
colors
Chro`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy.] A treatise on
colors.
Chro"ma*to*phore` (?), n. [Gr.
1.
(Zo\'94l.) A contractile cell or vesicle
containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or
size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of
such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and
numerous in the cephalopods.
2. (Bot.) One of the granules of
protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant
containing them.
Chro"ma*to*scope` (?), n. [Gr.
-scope.] (Astron.)
A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate
eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star,
instead of a point; -- used in studying the scintillation of the
stars.
Chro"ma*to*sphere` (?), n. A
chromosphere. [R.]
Chro"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. 1.
(Physics) An instrument for exhibiting certain
chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of
vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks
variously colored.
2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to
produce kaleidoscopic effects.
Chro"ma*type (?), n. [Gr.
1. (Photog.) A colored photographic
picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate
or some other salt of chromium.
2. The process by which such picture is made.
Chrome (?), n. Same as
Chromium.
Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet
substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to,
and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double
sulphate of chromium and potassium. -- Chrome
green (a) The green oxide of chromium,
Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass
staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome
yellow with Prussian blue. -- Chrome red, a
beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate
of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. -- Chrome
yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment,
PbCrO4, used by painters.
Chro"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; -- said of the
compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence.
Chromic acid, an acid,
H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily
obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of
which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red,
etc. -- Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red
crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the
anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful
oxidizers known.
Chro"mid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Chromid\'91, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant
in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable
food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.
\'d8Chro`mi*dro"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.) Secretion of abnormally colored
perspiration.
Chro"mism (?), n. Same as
Chromatism.
Chro"mite (?), n. 1.
(Min.) A black submetallic mineral consisting of
oxide of chromium and iron; -- called also chromic
iron.
2. (Chem.) A compound or salt of
chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid. [R.]
Chro"mi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Chem.) A comparatively
rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite.
Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard,
brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief
commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium
chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and
are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also
chrome.
<-- used as an ingredient in stainless steel, or chrome steel.
The yellow pigments are also used in paints, as in painting
yellow stripes on macadam highways. -->
Chro"mo (?), n.; pl.
Chromos (#). [Abbrev. from
chromolithograph.] A
chromolithograph.
Chro"mo*blast (?), n. [Gr. -blast.] An embryonic cell which
develops into a pigment cell.
Chro"mo*gen (?), [Gr. -gen.]
1. (Biol.) Vegetable coloring matter
other than green; chromule.
2. (Chem.) Any colored compound,
supposed to contain one or more chromophores.
Chro"mo*gen"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Containing, or capable of forming,
chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria.
Chro"mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] An apparatus by which a
number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be
made; -- called also hectograph.
<-- p. 254 -->
Chro`mo*leu"cite (?), n. [Gr.
leucite.] (Bot.)
A chromoplastid.
Chro`mo*lith"o*graph (?), n.
[Gr. lithograph.] A
picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from
a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.
Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n.
One who is engaged in chromolithography.
Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.
Chro"mo*li*thoh"ra*phy (?), n.
Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various
colors.
Chro"mo*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A general
name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc.,
present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in
solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from
the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.
Chro"mo*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any chemical
group or residue (as NO
Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gr. photography.] The
art of producing photographs in colors.
Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n.
A photolithograph printed in colors.
Chro`mo*plas"tid (?), n. [Gr.
plastid.] (Bot.) A
protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; -- also
called chromoleucite.
Chro"mo*some` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) One of the
minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved
during mitotic cell division; the idant of
Weismann.
Chro"mo*sphere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] (Astron.) An
atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent
hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere.
Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into
enormous tongues of flame.
Chro`mo*spher"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the chromosphere.
Chro"mo*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] 1. A sheet printed
in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See
Chromolithograph.
2. A photographic picture in the natural
colors.
Chro"mous (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a
valence lower than that in chromic compounds.
Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH,
of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.
Chro"mule (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A general name
for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially
that of petals.
Chron"ic (?), a. [L.
chronicus, Gr. chronique.] 1. Relating to
time; according to time.
2. Continuing for a long time; lingering;
habitual.
Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of
long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an
acute disease, which speedly terminates.
Chron"ic*al (?), a.
Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical
method.
J. A. Alexander.
Chron"i*cle (?), n. [OE.
cronicle, fr. cronique, OF.
cronique, F. chronique, L.
chronica, fr. Gr. Chronic.] 1. An historical register
or account of facts or events disposed in the order of
time.
2. A narrative of events; a history; a
record.
3. pl. The two canonical books of the
Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.
Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.
Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chronicled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chronicling (?).] To
record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.
Shak.
Chron"i*cler (?), n. A writer
of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of time; an
historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith.
Shak.
\'d8Chro`nique" (?), n. [F. See
Chronicle.] A chronicle.
L. Addison.
Chron"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. chronogramme.] 1. An inscription
in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially
conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date
or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus
Adolphus in 1632:
ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs.
- the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum
1632.
2. The record or inscription made by a
chronograph.
{ Chron`o*gram*mat"ic (?),
Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al (?), }
a. [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]
Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.
Chron`o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A
writer of chronograms.
Chron"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph: cf. F. chronographe.]
1. An instrument for measuring or recording
intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved
by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by
electricity.
2. Same as Chronogram, 1.
[R.]
3. A chronoscope.
Chro*nog"ra*pher (?), n. One
who writes a chronography; a chronologer.
Tooke.
Chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a chronograph.
Chro*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
Chronograph.] A description or
record of past time; history. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Chro*nol"o*ger (?), n. Same as
Chronologist.
{ Chron`o*log"ic (?),
Chron`o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. Relating to chronology; containing an
account of events in the order of time; according to the order of
time; as, chronological tables.
Raleigh. -- Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
{ Chro*nol"o*gist (?),
Chro*nol"o*ger (?) }, n.
[Gr. A person who investigates dates of
events and transactions; one skilled in chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is
wholly to be avoided.
Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was
born in October, and not in December.
John Knox.
Chro*nol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Chronologies (#). [Gr. chronologie.]
The science which treats of measuring time by regular
divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions
their proper dates.
If history without chronology is dark and confused,
chronology without history is dry and insipid.
A. Holmes.
Chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F.
chronom\'8atre.] 1. An instrument
for measuring time; a timekeeper.
2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation
balance, and usually beating half seconds; -- intended to keep
time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in
determining longitude, etc.
3. (Mus.) A metronome.
Box chronometer. See under Box.
-- Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form
of a large watch. -- To rate a chronometer.
See Rate, v. t.
{ Chron`o*met"ric (?),
Chron`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. chronom\'82trique.] Pertaining
to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.
Chro*nom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
chronom\'82trie.] The art of measuring
time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.
Chron"o*pher (?), n. [Gr. An instrument signaling the
correct time to distant points by electricity.
Chron"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An instrument for measuring
minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of
projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena,
etc.
Chrys"a*lid (?), a. Pertaining
to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl.
Chrysalids. See Chrysalis.
Chrys"a*lis (?), n.; pl.
Chrysalides (#). [L.
chrysallis the gold-colored pupa of butterflies, Gr.
Aurelia.]
(Zo\'94l.) The pupa state of certain insects,
esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See
Pupa, and Aurelia (a).
Chrys*an"i*line (?), n. [Gr.
anilene.] (Chem.)
A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the
manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow
color.
Chrys*an"the*mum (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.)
A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many
species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums
(annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye
daisy.
Chrys`a*ro"bin (?), n. [Gr. araroba a foreign name of Goa powder +
-in.] (Chem.) A bitter, yellow
substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and
yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also
chrysphanic acid.
Chrys*au"rin (?), n. [Gr. aurum gold. So called from its color.]
An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.
Chrys`el*e*phan"tine (?), a.
[Gr. Composed of, or adorned with, gold and
ivory.
chryselephantine statues of the
Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it
were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for
the hair and garments.
Chry"sene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the higher aromatic
hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It
is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of
strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by
impurities.
Chrys"o*ber`yl (?), n. [L.
chrysoberyllus, Gr.
(Min.) A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow
to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina.
It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.
Chrys"o*chlore (?), n. [Gr. chrysochlore.]
(Zo\'94l.) A South African mole of the genus
Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur of which
reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.
Chrys"o*col`la (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr.
(Min.) A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring
massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.
Chrys"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.
Chry*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
1. The art of
writing in letters of gold.
2. A writing executed in letters of gold.
Chrys*o"\'8b*dine (?), n. [Gr.
-oid + -ine.]
(Chem.) An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye,
C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2. Also, one of a group of
dyestuffs resembling chryso\'8bdine proper.
Chrys"o*lite (?), n. [L.
chrysolithos, Gr. chrysolithe.] (Min.) A mineral,
composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green
color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; -- called also
olivine and peridot.
Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow
varieties of tourmaline and topaz.
Chry*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of political
economy which relates to the production of wealth.
\'d8Chrys*o"pa (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of neuropterous insects. See
Lacewing.
Chrys"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A glucoside
extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder,
and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.
Chrys`o*phan"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling,
chrysophane.
Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow
crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock,
sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an
anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; --
called also rhein, rheic
acid, rhubarbarin, etc.
Chrys"o*prase (?), n. [OE.
crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F.
chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. (Min.) An apple-green
variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty
luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.
\'d8Chry*sop"ra*sus (?), n.
[L.] See Chrysoprase.
Rev. xxi. 20.
Chrys"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. The seed of gold; a means of
creating gold. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Chrys"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] 1. A photographic
picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt
of iron and developed by the application of chloride of
gold.
Abney.
2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.
Chthon"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth; earthy;
as, chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus.
Max M\'81ller.
{ \'d8Chthon`o*pha"gi*a (?),
Chtho*noph"a*gy (?), } n.
[NL. chthonophagia; Gr. A disease characterized by an irresistible
desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern
United States, the West Indies, etc.
Chub (?), n. [This word seems
to signify a large or thick fish. Cf. Sw. kubb a short
and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot
chub.] (Zo\'94l.) A species to fresh-water
fish of the Cyprinid\'91 or Carp family. The common
European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In
America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family,
of the genera Semotilus, Squalius,
Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very
different fishes, as the tautog, black
bass, etc.
Chub mackerel (Zo\'94l.), a species
of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in
abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; -- called
also bull mackerel,
thimble-eye, and big-eye
mackerel. -- Chub sucker
(Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water fish of the United
States (Erimyzon sucetta); -- called also
creekfish.
Chub"bed (?), a. Chubby.
[R.]
H. Brooke.
Chub"bed*ness, n. The state of being
chubby.
Chub"by (?), a. Like a chub;
plump, short, and thick. \'bdChubby faces.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Chub"-faced` (?), a. Having a
plump, short face.
Chuck (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Chucked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chucking.] [Imitative of the
sound.] 1. To make a noise resembling that of
a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.
2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.]
Marston.
Chuck, v. t. To call, as a hen her
chickens.
Dryden.
Chuck, n. 1. The chuck or call
of a hen.
2. A sudden, small noise.
3. A word of endearment; -- corrupted from
chick. \'bdPray, chuck, come
hither.\'b8
Shak.
Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Chucked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Chucking.] [F.
choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v.
t.] 1. To strike gently; to give a
gentle blow to.
Chucked the barmaid under the chin.
W. Irving.
2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to
pitch. [Colloq.] \'bdMahomet Ali will just be
chucked into the Nile.\'b8
Lord Palmerson.
3. (Mech.) To place in a chuck, or hold
by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a
revolving piece held in a chuck.
Chuck, n. 1. A slight blow or
pat under the chin.
2. A short throw; a toss.
3. (Mach.) A contrivance or machine
fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the
material to be operated upon.
<-- p. 255 -->
Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is
pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. -- Chuck
hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut. -- Elliptic
chuck, a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle,
which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across
the center which generates an ellipse.
Knight.
Chuck (?), n. 1. A
small pebble; -- called also chuckstone and
chuckiestone. [Scot.]
2. pl. A game played with chucks, in
which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones.
[Scot.]
Chuck, n. A piece of the backbone of an
animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the
adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak;
a chuck roast. [Colloq.]
Chuc"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Chuckled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling
(?).] [From lst Chuck.]
1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Chuc"kle, n. A short, suppressed laugh;
the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.
Chuc"kle, v. i. [From lst
Chuck.] To laugh in a suppressed or broken
manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or
derision.
Chuc"kle*head` (?), n. A person
with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low]
Knowles.
Chuc"kle*head`ed, a. Having a large
head; thickheaded; dull; stupid.
Smart.
Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow (?), n.
(Zool.) A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus
Carolinensis), of the southern United States; -- so called
from its note.
Chud (?), v. t. [Cf.
Chew, Cud.] To champ; to bite.
[Obs.]
A. Stafford.
Chu"et (?), n. [From
Chew, v. t.] Minced meat.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
\'d8Chu"fa (?), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) A sedgelike plant (Cyperus
esculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the
Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth
almond.
Chuff (?), n. [Perh. a
modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock,
stump.] A coarse or stupid fellow.
Shak.
Chuff, a. Stupid; churlish.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Chuff"i*ly (?), adv.
Clownishly; surlily.
Chuff"i*ness, n. The quality of being
chuffy.
Chuff"y (?), a. 1. Fat
or puffed out in the cheeks.
2. Rough; clownish; surly.
Chu"lan (?), n. (Bot.)
The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus
inconspicuus, used in China for perfuming tea.
Chum (?), n. [Perh. a
contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow:
cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.] A
roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and
intimate friend.
Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p.
Chummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chumming.] To occupy a chamber with
another; as, to chum together at college.
[U. S.]
Chum, n. Chopped pieces of fish used as
bait. [U. S.]
Chump (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
kumbr a chopping, E. chop.] A
short, thick, heavy piece of wood.
Morton.
Chump end, the thick end; as, the chump
end of a joint of meat.
Dickens.
\'d8Chu*nam" (?), n. [Hind.
ch\'d4n\'be, from Skr. c\'d4r\'c9a powder,
dust; or a Dravidian word.] Quicklime; also, plaster
or mortar. [India]
Whitworth.
Chunk (?), n. [Cf.
Chump.] A short, thick piece of
anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]
Chunk"y (?), a. Short and
thick. [U. S.]
Kane.
Church (?), n. [OE.
chirche, chireche, cherche,
Scot. kirk, from AS. circe,
cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel.
kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke,
G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. \'87\'d4ra hero, Zend. \'87ura strong, OIr.
caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]
1. A building set apart for Christian
worship.
2. A Jewish or heathen temple.
[Obs.]
Acts xix. 37.
3. A formally organized body of Christian believers
worshiping together. \'bdWhen they had ordained them elders
in every church.\'b8
Acts xiv. 23.
4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same
creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same
ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman
Catholic church; the Presbyterian
church.
5. The collective body of Christians.
6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish
church; the church of Brahm.
7. The aggregate of religious influences in a
community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to
array the power of the church against some moral
evil.
Remember that both church and state are properly
the rulers of the people, only because they are their
benefactors.
Bulwer.
Church is often used in composition to
denote something belonging or relating to the church; as,
church authority; church history;
church member; church music, etc.
Apostolic church. See under
Apostolic. -- Broad church. See
Broad Church. -- Catholic Universal church, the whole body of
believers in Christ throughout the world. --
Church of England, English
church, the Episcopal church established and
endowed in England by law. -- Church living,
a benefice in an established church. -- Church
militant. See under Militant. --
Church owl (Zo\'94l.), the white owl.
See Barn owl. -- Church rate, a tax
levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its
services. -- Church session. See under
Session. -- Church triumphant. See
under Triumphant. -- Church work,
work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular
church for the spread of religion. -- Established
church, the church maintained by the civil authority; a
state church.
Church, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churching.] To bless according
to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning
thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of
childbirth; as, the churching of women.
Church"-ale` (?), n. A church
or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a
church), at which much ale was used.
Wright. Nares.
Church"-bench` (?), n. A seat
in the porch of a church.
Shak.
Church"dom (?), n. The
institution, government, or authority of a church.
[R.]
Bp. Pearson.
Church"go`er (?), n. One who
attends church.
Church"go`ing, a. 1. Habitually
attending church.
2. Summoning to church.
The sound of the churchgoing bell.
Cowper.
Church"-haw` (?), n.
[Church + haw a yard.]
Churchyard. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Church"ism (?), n. Strict
adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization;
sectarianism.
Church"less (?), a. Without a
church.
T. Fuller.
Church"like` (?), a. Befitting
a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
Shak.
Church"li*ness (?), n. Regard
for the church.
Church"ly, a. Pertaining to, or suitable
for, the church; ecclesiastical.
Church"man (?), n.; pl.
Churchmen (#). 1. An
ecclesiastic or clergyman.
2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established
Church of England. \'bdA zealous churchman.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. One was is attached to, or attends,
church.
Church"man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
becoming, a churchman.
Milman.
Church"man*ship, n. The state or quality
of being a churchman; attachment to the church.
Church" modes` (?). (Mus.) The
modes or scales used in ancient church music. See
Gregorian.
Church"ship, n. State of being a
church.
South.
Church"ward`en (?), n. 1.
One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church,
whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the
provision of what is necessary for the communion service.
2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube.
[Slang, Eng.]
There was a small wooden table placed in front of the
smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long
churchwardens.
W. Black.
Church"ward`en*ship, n. The office of a
churchwarden.
Church"y, a. Relating to a church;
unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]
Church"yard` (?), n. The ground
adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a
cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard.
Shak.
Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis;
cemetery; God's acre.
Churl (?), n. [AS.
ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin
to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl,
Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E.
proper name Charles (orig., man,
male), and perh. to Skr. j\'bera lover. Cf.
Carl, Charles's Wain.] 1. A
rustic; a countryman or laborer. \'bdA peasant or
churl.\'b8
Spenser.
Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth
Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls.
Emerson.
2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor.
A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for
gain or falsehood.
Sir P. Sidney.
3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a
niggard.
Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf.
Drayton.
Churl, a. Churlish; rough;
selfish. [Obs.]
Ford.
Churl"ish, a. 1. Like a churl;
rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal;
niggardly. \'bdChurlish benefits.\'b8
Ld. Burleigh.
Half mankind maintain a churlish strife.
Cowper.
2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not
easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the
churlish and intractable nature of some
minerals.
Boyle.
Churl"ish*ly, adv. In a churlish
manner.
Churl"ish*ness, n. Rudeness of manners
or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.
Churl"y (?), a. Rude; churlish;
violent.
Longfellow.
{ Churme (?), Chirm (?)
}, n. [See Chirm.]
Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing.
[Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches.
Bacon.
Churn (?), n. [OE.
chirne, cherne, AS. ceren,
cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan.
kierne. See Churn, v. t.]
A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or
otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in
order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and
obtain butter.
Churn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Churned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Churning.] [OE.
chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG.
karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen,
Dan. kierne, Sw. k\'84rna, and also to E.
corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the
idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See
Kernel.] 1. To stir, beat, or
agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make
butter.
2. To shake or agitate with violence.
Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.
Addison.
Churn, v. i. To perform the operation of
churning.
Churn"ing, n. 1. The act of one
who churns.
2. The quantity of butter made at one
operation.
\'d8Chur"rus (?), n. [Hind.
charas.] A powerfully narcotic and
intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds,
etc., of Indian hemp.
Churr"worm` (?), n. [AS.
cyrran, cerran, to turn.]
(Zo\'94l.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the
mole cricket; -- called also fan
cricket.
Johnson.
Chuse (?), v. t. See
Choose. [Obs.]
Chute (?), n. [F.
chute, prop. a fall.] 1. A
framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are
made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which
water passes to a wheel.
2. See Shoot.
{ Chut"ney (?), Chut"nee
(?), } n. [Hind.
chatn\'c6.] A warm or spicy condiment or
pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances,
sweets, acids, etc.
Chy*la"ceous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Possessed of the properties of chyle;
consisting of chyle.
Chy*la"que*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + aqueous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Consisting of chyle much diluted with
water; -- said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of
some inferior animals.
Chyle (?), n. [NL.
chylus, Gr. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to
melt.] (Physiol.) A milky fluid containing
the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine
mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the
intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed
into the blood by the thoracic duct.
Chyl`i*fac"tion (?), n.
[Chyle + L. facere to make.]
(Physiol.) The act or process by which chyle is
formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, -- a digestive
process.
Chyl`i*fac"tive (?), a.
(Physiol.) Producing, or converting into, chyle;
having the power to form chyle.
Chy*lif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyle + -ferous: cf. F.
chylif\'8are.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or
conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.
Chy*lif"ic (?), a.
Chylifactive.
Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The formation of chyle. See
Chylifaction.
Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry (? , a.
Chylifactive.
Chy"li*fy (?), v. t. & i.
[Chyle + -ly.]
(Physiol.) To make chyle of; to be converted into
chyle.
Chy`lo*po*et"ic (?), a. [Gr.
chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s
juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.]
(Physiol.) Concerned in the formation of chyle;
as, the chylopoetic organs.
Chy"lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
chyleux.] (Physiol.) Consisting
of, or similar to, chyle.
\'d8Chy*lu"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
from Gr. (Med.) A
morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty
matter, giving it a milky appearance.
Chyme (?), n. [L.
chymus chyle, Gr. chyme. See Chyle.]
(Physiol.) The pulpy mass of semi-digested food
in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach.
It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See
Chyle.
{ Chym"ic (?), Chym"ist,
Chym"is*try (?). } [Obs.]
See Chemic, Chemist,
Chemistry.
Chy*mif"er*ous (?), a.
[Chyme + -ferous.]
(Physiol.) Bearing or containing chyme.
Chym`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F.
Chymification.] (Physiol.) The
conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric
juice.
Chym"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Chyme + -fy: cf. F.
chymifier.] (Physiol.) To form
into chyme.
Chy"mous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to chyme.
Chy*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.) An
instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving
in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled
being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.
Ci*ba"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]
Pertaining to food; edible.
Johnson.
Ci*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]
1. The act of taking food.
2. (Alchemy) The process or operation of
feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material.
B. Jonson.
Cib"ol (?), n. [F.
ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola,
dim. of L. cepa, caepa, caepe,
an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.] A
perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum),
sometimes called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves
areused in cookery.
\'d8Ci*bo"ri*um (?), n.: pl.
Ciboria (#). [LL., fr. L.
ciborium a cup, fr. Gr. 1.
(Arch.) A canopy usually standing free and
supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very
rarely, a secondary altar.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The coffer or case in
which the host is kept; the pyx.
Ci*ca"da (?), n.; pl. E.
Cicadas (#), L. Cicad\'91
(#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large
hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male
makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the
abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon
by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C.
septendecim) is called the seventeen year
locust. Another common species is the dogday
cicada.
\'d8Ci*ca"la (?), n. [It., fr.
L. cicada.] A cicada. See
Cicada. \'bdAt eve a dry cicala
sung.\'b8
Tennison.
Cic"a*trice (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cicatrix.] A cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri"cial (?), a.
(Med.) Relating to, or having the character of, a
cicatrix.
Dunglison.
Cic"a*tri`cle (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small
scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)
The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in
the yolk of an egg at which development begins.
Cic"a*tri`sive (?), a. Tending
to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a
wound.
<-- p. 256 -->
\'d8Ci*ca"trix (?), n.; pl.
Cicatrices (#). [L.]
(Med.) The pellicle which forms over a wound or
breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the
latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white,
forming the scar.
Cic"a*tri`zant (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of
cicatriser.] (Med.) A medicine
or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or
the formation of a cicatrix.
Cic`a*tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. cicatrisation.] (Med.) The
process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being
cicatrized.
Cic"a*trize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cicatrized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cicatrizing.] [Cf. F.
cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L.
cicatrix, scar.] (Med.) To heal
or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or
ulcerated flesh.
Wiseman.
Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.) To
heal; to have a new skin.
Cic"a*trose` (?), a. Full of
scars.
Craig.
Cic"e*ly (?), n. [L.
seselis, Gr. (Bot.) Any one of several
umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis,
Osmorrhiza, etc.
Cic"e*ro (?), n. (Print.)
Pica type; -- so called by French printers.
\'d8Ci`ce*ro"ne (?), n.; pl.
It. Ciceroni (#), E. Cicerones
(#). [It., fr. L. Cicero, the
Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness of such a
guide.] One who shows strangers the curiosities of a
place; a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about
their picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them
[the Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero.
Trench.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the
orator.] Resembling Cicero in style or action;
eloquent.
Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism (?), n.
Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero;
a Ciceronian phrase or expression. \'bdGreat study in
Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Cich`o*ra"ceous (?), a. [See
Chicory.] Belonging to, or resembling, a
suborder of composite plants of which the chicory
(Cichorium) is the type.
Cich"-pea` (?), n. The
chick-pea.
Holland.
Ci*cis"be*ism (?), n. The state
or conduct of a cicisbeo.
\'d8Ci`cis*be"o (?), n.; pl.
It. Cicisbei (#). [It.]
1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a
dangler about women.
2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan,
walking stick, etc. [Obs.]
Cic"la*toun` (?), n. [Of.
ciclaton.] A costly cloth, of uncertain
material, used in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
[Written also checklaton,
chekelatoun.]
His robe was of ciclatoun,
That coste many a Jane.
Chaucer.
Cic"u*rate (?), v. t. [L.
cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]
To tame. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cic`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cicuration.] The act of taming.
[Obs.]
Ray.
\'d8Ci*cu"ta (?), n. [L., the
poison hemlock.] (Bot.) a genus of
poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or
cowbane is best known.
cicuta is sometimes erroneously
applied to Conium maculatum, or officinal
hemlock.
Cic`u*tox"in (?), n.
(Chem.) The active principle of the water hemlock
(Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy
substance.
Cid (?), n. [Sp., fr. Ar.
seid lord.]
1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a
title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and
of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.
2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of
the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.
Ci"der (?), n. [F.
cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of
strong drink, Gr. sh\'bekar to be intoxicated, sh\'c7k\'ber
strong drink.] The expressed juice of apples. It is
used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other
purposes.
Cider was formerly used to signify the
juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was
not applied to wine.
Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from
cider. -- Cider mill, a mill in which cider
is made. -- Cider press, the press of a cider
mill.
Ci`der*ist, n. A maker of cider.
[Obs.]
Mortimer.
Ci"der*kin (?), n.
[Cider + -kin.] A kind of
weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies
the place of small beer.
Mortimer.
\'d8Ci`-de*vant" (?), a. [F.,
hitherto, formerly.] Former; previous; of times gone
by; as, a cidevant governor.
\'d8Cierge (?), n. [F., fr. L.
cera wax.] A wax candle used in religous
rites.
Ci*gar" (?), n. [Sp.
cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of
Cuba: cf. F. cigare.] A small roll of
tobacco, used for smoking.
Cigar fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish
(Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found
on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
Cig`a*rette" (?), n. [F.
cigarette.] A little cigar; a little fine
tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.
\'d8Cil"i*a (?), n. pl.
Cilium, the sing., is rarely
used. [L. cilium eyelid.]
1. (Anat.) The eyelashes.
2. (Biol.) Small, generally microscopic,
vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages
of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering
also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on
some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval
forms, they are locomotive organs.
3. (Bot.) Hairlike processes, commonly
marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Small, vibratory, swimming
organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of
Ctenophora.
Cil"ia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
ciliaire.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the cilia, or
eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself;
as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the
ciliary muscle, etc.
2. (Biol.) Pertaining to or connected
with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as,
ciliary motion.
\'d8Cil`i*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Cilia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some
species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a
band around the mouth.
{ Cil"i*ate (?), Cil"i*a`ted
(?), } a. Provided with, or
surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf;
endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated
epithelium of the windpipe.
Cil"ice (?), n. [F. See
Cilicious.] A kind of haircloth
undergarment.
Southey.
Ci*li"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.
Ci*li"cious (?), a. [L.
cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician goat's
hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia,
a province of Asia Minor.] Made, or consisting, of
hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Cil"i*form (?), Cil"i*i*form`
(?), } a. [Cilium +
-form] Having the form of cilia; very fine
or slender.
Cil"i*o*grade (?), a.
[Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F.
ciliograde.] (Zo\'94l.) Moving
by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the
ciliograde Medus\'91.
\'d8Cil"i*um (?), n. [L.,
eyelid.] See Cilia.
Cill (?), n. See
Sill., n. a foundation.
\'d8Cil*lo"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.) A
spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.
Ci"ma (?), n. (Arch.)
A kind of molding. See Cyma.
Ci*mar" (?), n. See
Simar.
Cim"bal (?), n. [It.
ciambella.] A kind of confectionery or
cake. [Obs.]
Nares.
Cim"bi*a (?), n. (Arch.)
A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if
to strengthen it. [Written also
cimia.]
Cim"bri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Cimbri. -- n. One
of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.
Cim"bric (?), a. Pertaining to
the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern
Germany. -- n. The language of the
Cimbri.
Ci*me"li*arch (?), n. [L.
cimeliarcha, Gr. A
superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a
churchwarden. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cim"e*ter (?), n. See
Scimiter.
\'d8Ci"mex (?), n.; pl.
Cimices (#). [L., a bug.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of hemipterous insects of
which the bedbug is the best known example. See
Bedbug.
Cim"i*a (?), n. (Arch.)
See Cimbia.
Ci"miss (?), n. [L.
cimex, -icis, a bug.]
(Zo\'94l.) The bedbug. [Obs.]
Wright.
Cim*me"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Cimmerius.] [Written also
Kimmerian.] 1. Pertaining to the
Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient
times, in profound and perpetual darkness.
2. Without any light; intensely dark.
In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell.
Milton.
Cim"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. Cimolus, an
island of the Cyclades.] (Min.) A soft,
earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.
Cinch (?), n. [Sp.
cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]
1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas.
[West. U. S.]
2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]
Cin*cho"na (?), n. [So named
from the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in
the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an
intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to
the general propagation of this remedy.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of trees growing naturally on the
Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the
East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.
2. (Med.) The bark of any species of
cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter
febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.
Cin`cho*na"ceous (?), a. Allied
or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce
it.
Cin*chon"ic (?), a. Belonging
to, or obtained from, cinchona.
Mayne.
Cin*chon"i*dine (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Chem.) One of the
quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona
bark. It is a white crystalline substance,
C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities
similar to, but weaker than, quinine; -- sometimes called also
cinchonidia.
Cin"cho*nine (?), n. [From
Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.]
(Chem.) One of the quinine group of alkaloids
isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; -- called also
cinchonia.
Cin"cho*nism (?), n. [From
Cinchona.] (Med.) A condition
produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and
marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.
Cin"cho*nize (?), v. t. To
produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with
cinchona.
Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och (?). (Geol.)
An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system.
The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio.
The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New
york.
Cinc"ture (?), n. [L.
cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum,
to gird.] 1. A belt, a girdle, or something
worn round the body, -- as by an ecclesiastic for confining the
alb.
2. That which encompasses or incloses; an
inclosure. \'bdWithin the cincture of one
wall.\'b8
Bacon.
3. (Arch.) The fillet, listel, or band
next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a
column.
Cinc"tured (?), n. Having or
wearing a cincture or gridle.
Cin"der (?), n. [AS.
sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr
dross, Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D.
sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre
ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.]
1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other
combustible, in which fire is extinct.
2. A hot coal without flame; an ember.
Swift.
3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.
4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from
a volcano.
Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of
the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders.
-- Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening
in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows
out.
Cin"der*y (?), a. Resembling,
or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.
Cin`e*fac"tion (?), n. [LL.
cinefactio: L. cinis ashes +
facere to make: cf. F.
cin\'82faction.] Cineration; reduction to
ashes. [Obs.]
{ Cin`e*mat"ic (?),
Cin`e*mat"ic*al (?) }, a.
See Kinematic.
Cin`e*mat"ics (?), n. sing. See
Kinematics.
Cin`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.]
Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.
\'d8Cin`e*ra"ri*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr.
cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on
the leaves.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an genus of
free-flowering composite plants, mostly from South Africa.
Several species are cultivated for ornament.
Cin"er*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]
Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes.
Cinerary urns, vessels used by the ancients to
preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.
Cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [L.
cinis ashes: cf. F. cin\'82ration.]
The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion;
cinefaction.
Ci*ne"re*ous (?), a. [L.
cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like
ashes; ash-colored; grayish.
Cin`er*es"cent (?), a. Somewhat
cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood
ashes.
Cin`er*i"tious (?), a. [L.
cineritius, cinericius, fr.
cinis ashes.] Like ashes; having the color
of ashes, -- as the cortical substance of the brain.
Ci*ner"u*lent (?), a. Full of
ashes. [Obs.]
Cin`ga*lese" (?), n. sing. & pl.
[Cf. F. Cingalais.] A native or
natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also
(sing.), the language of the
Cingalese. -- a. Of or pertaining to the
Cingalese. [Written also
Singhalese.]
Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants
of the island in general.
Cin"gle (?), n. [L.
cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere
to gird.] A girth. [R.] See
Surcingle.
\'d8Cin"gu*lum (?), n. [L., a
girdle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A distinct
girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain
univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of
earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a
tooth.
Cin"na*bar (?), n. [L.
cinnabaris, Gr. qinb\'ber, Hind. shangarf.]
1. (Min.) Red sulphide of mercury,
occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown
amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.
2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a
pigment; vermilion.
Cinnabar Gr\'91corum (. [L.
Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.]
(Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. --
Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the
oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire.
-- Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure
cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.
Cin"na*ba*rine (?), a. [Cf. F.
cinabarin.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as,
cinnabarine sand.
Cin"na*mene (?), n. [From
Cinnamic.] (Chem.) Styrene (which
was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from
cinnamic acid). See Styrene.
Cin*nam"ic (?), a. [From
Cinnamon.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or obtained from, cinnamon.
Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, odorless substance.
C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from
storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene
derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial
production of indigo.
Cin`na*mom"ic (?), a. [L.
cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)
See Cinnamic.
Cin"na*mon (?), n. [Heb.
qinn\'bem\'d3n; cf. Gr. cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to
have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay
k\'bej\'d4 m\'benis sweet wood.] (a)
The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum
Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a
moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial,
carminative, and restorative spices. (b)
Cassia.
Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of
garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in
jewelry. -- Oil of cinnamon, a colorless
aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting
essentially of cinnamic aldehyde,
C6H5.C2H2.CHO. -- Wild cinnamon. See
Canella.
Cin"na*mone (?), n.
[Cinnamic + -one.] A yellow
crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO, the
ketone of cinnamic acid.
<-- p. 257 -->
Cin"na*myl (?), n.
[Cinnamic + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
(C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
[Formerly written also cinnamule.]
Cin"no*line (?), n.
[Cinnamic + quinoline.] A
nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to
quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.
Cinque (?), n. [F.
cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See
Five.] Five; the number five in dice or
cards.
\'d8Cin`que*cen"to (?), n. & a.
[It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The
Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after
the year 1500.] The sixteenth century, when applied to
Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the
Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.
Cinque"foil` (?), n.
[Cinque five + foil, F.
feuille leaf. See Foil.] 1.
(Bot.) The name of several different species of
the genus Potentilla; -- also called
five-finger, because of the resemblance of its
leaves to the fingers of the hand.
2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation
having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc.
Gwilt.
Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla
palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in
fresh-water marshes.
Cinque"-pace` (?), n.
[Cinque + pace.] A lively
dance (called also galliard), the steps of
which were regulated by the number five.
[Obs.]
Nares. Shak.
Cinque" Ports` (?). [Cinque +
port.] (Eng. Hist.) Five English
ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; --
viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards
increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor
places.
Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under
Baron.
Cinque"-spot`ted, a. Five-spotted.
[R.]
Shak.
Cin"ter (?), n. [F.
cintre.] (Arch.) See
Center.
\'d8Ci*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and
allied forms; the bristletails. See Bristletail, and
Lepisma.
Ci"on (?), n. [OF.
cion. See Scion.] See
Scion.
The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but
passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft.
Bacon.
Ci"pher (?), n. [OF.
cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf.
Sp.cifra, LL. cifra), fr. Ar.
\'87ifrun, \'87afrun, empty, cipher, zero,
fr. \'87afira to be empty. Cf. Zero.]
1. (Arith.) A character [0] which,
standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the
right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.
2. One who, or that which, has no weight or
influence.
Here he was a mere cipher.
W. Irving.
3. A character in general, as a figure or
letter. [Obs.]
This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and
characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures.
Sir W. Raleigh.
4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the
initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's
cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The
cut represents the initials N. W.
5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or
other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of
secrets; also, a writing in such characters.
His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write
all his letters to England in cipher.
Bp. Burnet.
Cipher key, a key to assist in reading
writings in cipher.
Ci"pher, a. Of the nature of a cipher;
of no weight or influence. \'bdTwelve cipher
bishops.\'b8
Milton.
Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Ciphered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ciphering.] To use figures in
a mathematical process; to do sums in arithmetic.
\'bdT was certain he could write and cipher
too.
Goldsmith.
Ci"pher, v. t. 1. To write in
occult characters.
His notes he ciphered with Greek characters.
Hayward.
2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the
answer.
3. To decipher. [Obs.]
Shak.
4. To designate by characters.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ci"pher*er (?), n. One who
ciphers.
Ci"pher*hood (?), n.
Nothingness. [R.]
Goodwin.
Cip"o*lin (?), n. [It.
cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr.
cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called
because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one
lying upon another.] (Min.) A whitish
marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones. It consists
of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.
\'d8Cip"pus (?), n.; pl.
Cippi (#). [L., stake,
post.] A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly
having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes,
as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for
sepulchral inscriptions, etc.
Gwilt.
Circ (?), n. [See
Circus.] An amphitheatrical circle for
sports; a circus. [R.]
T. Warton.
\'d8Cir*car" (?), n. [See
Sircar.] A district, or part of a province.
See Sircar. [India]
Cir*cas"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Circassia, in Asia. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Circassia.
Cir*ce"an (?), a. [L.
Circaeus.] Having the characteristics of
Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress,
who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms
of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean
draught.
{ Cir*cen"sial (?), Cir*cen"sian
(?), } a. [L.
Circensis, ludi Circenses, the games in the
Circus Maximus.] Of or pertaining to, or held in, the
Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows.
Holyday.
Cir"ci*nal (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Circinate.
Cir"ci*nate (?), a. [L.
circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make
round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. (Bot.) Rolled together downward,
the tip occupying the center; -- a term used in reference to
foliation or leafing, as in ferns.
Gray.
Cir"ci*nate (?), v. t. To make
a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Cir`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L.
circinatio circle.]
1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.]
bailey.
2. A circle; a concentric layer.
[Obs.] \'bdThe circinations and spherical
rounds of onions.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Cir"cle (?), n. [OE.
cercle, F. cercle, fr. L.
circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of
circus circle, akin to Gr. Circus, Circum-.]
1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line
called its circumference, every part of which is
equally distant from a point within it, called the
center.
2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a
circumference; a ring.
3. (Astron.) An instrument of
observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire
circle.
mural circle; when mounted with a telescope
on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a
meridian or transit circle; when involving
the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting
circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times
continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating
circle.
4. A round body; a sphere; an orb.
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the
earth.
Is. xi. 22.
5. Compass; circuit; inclosure.
In the circle of this forest.
Shak.
6. A company assembled, or conceived to assemble,
about a central point of interest, or bound by a common tie; a
class or division of society; a coterie; a set.
As his name gradually became known, the circle of
his acquaintance widened.
Macaulay.
7. A circular group of persons; a ring.
8. A series ending where it begins, and repeating
itself.
Thus in a circle runs the peasant's pain.
Dryden.
9. (Logic) A form of argument in which
two or more unproved statements are used to prove each other;
inconclusive reasoning.
That heavy bodies descend by gravity; and, again, that gravity
is a quality whereby a heavy body descends, is an impertinent
circle and teaches nothing.
Glanvill.
10. Indirect form of words; circumlocution.
[R.]
Has he given the lie,
In circle, or oblique, or semicircle.
J. Fletcher.
11. A territorial division or district.
The Circles of the Holy Roman Empire, ten
in number, were those principalities or provinces which had seats
in the German Diet.
Azimuth circle. See under
Azimuth. -- Circle of altitude
(Astron.), a circle parallel to the horizon,
having its pole in the zenith; an almucantar. -- Circle
of curvature. See Osculating circle of a
curve (Below). -- Circle of declination.
See under Declination. -- Circle of
latitude. (a) (Astron.) A great
circle perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic, passing
through its poles. (b) (Spherical
Projection) A small circle of the sphere whose plane is
perpendicular to the axis. -- Circles of
longitude, lesser circles parallel to the ecliptic,
diminishing as they recede from it. -- Circle of
perpetual apparition, at any given place, the boundary
of that space around the elevated pole, within which the stars
never set. Its distance from the pole is equal to the latitude of
the place. -- Circle of perpetual occultation,
at any given place, the boundary of the space around the
depressed pole, within which the stars never rise. --
Circle of the sphere, a circle upon the surface of
the sphere, called a great circle when its plane passes
through the center of the sphere; in all other cases, a
small circle. -- Diurnal circle.
See under Diurnal. -- Dress circle,
a gallery in a theater, generally the one containing the
prominent and more expensive seats. -- Druidical
circles (Eng. Antiq.), a popular name for
certain ancient inclosures formed by rude stones circularly
arranged, as at Stonehenge, near Salisbury. -- Family
circle, a gallery in a theater, usually one containing
inexpensive seats. -- Horary circles
(Dialing), the lines on dials which show the
hours. -- Osculating circle of a curve
(Geom.), the circle which touches the curve at
some point in the curve, and close to the point more nearly
coincides with the curve than any other circle. This circle is
used as a measure of the curvature of the curve at the point, and
hence is called circle of curvature. -- Pitch
circle. See under Pitch. -- Vertical
circle, an azimuth circle. -- Voltaic
circle or circuit. See under
Circuit. -- To square the circle.
See under Square.
Syn. -- Ring; circlet; compass; circuit; inclosure.
Cir"cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Circled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circling (?).] [OE.
cerclen, F. cercler, fr. L.
circulare to make round. See Circle,
n., and cf. Circulate.]
1. To move around; to revolve around.
Other planets circle other suns.
Pope.
2. To encompass, as by a circle; to surround; to
inclose; to encircle.
Prior. Pope.
Their heads are circled with a short turban.
Dampier.
So he lies, circled with evil.
Coleridge.
To circle in, to confine; to hem in; to keep
together; as, to circle bodies in.
Sir K. Digby.
Cir"cle, v. i. To move circularly; to
form a circle; to circulate.
Thy name shall circle round the gaping through.
Byron.
Cir"cled (?), a. Having the
form of a circle; round. \'bdMonthly changes in her
circled orb.\'b8
Shak.
Cir"cler (?), n. A mean or
inferior poet, perhaps from his habit of wandering around as a
stroller; an itinerant poet. Also, a name given to the cyclic
poets. See under Cyclic, a.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Cir"clet (?), n. 1. A
little circle; esp., an ornament for the person, having the form
of a circle; that which encircles, as a ring, a bracelet, or a
headband.
Her fair locks in circlet be enrolled.
Spenser.
2. A round body; an orb.
Pope.
Fairest of stars . . . that crown'st the smiling morn
With thy bright circlet.
Milton.
3. A circular piece of wood put under a dish at
table. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cir"co*cele (?), n. See
Cirsocele.
Cir"cuit (?), n. [F.
circuit, fr. L. circuitus, fr.
circuire or circumire to go around;
circum around + ire to go.]
1. The act of moving or revolving around, or as in
a circle or orbit; a revolution; as, the periodical
circuit of the earth round the sun.
Watts.
2. The circumference of, or distance round, any
space; the measure of a line round an area.
The circuit or compass of Ireland is 1,800
miles.
J. Stow.
3. That which encircles anything, as a ring or
crown.
The golden circuit on my head.
Shak.
4. The space inclosed within a circle, or within
limits.
A circuit wide inclosed with goodliest trees.
Milton.
5. A regular or appointed journeying from place to
place in the exercise of one's calling, as of a judge, or a
preacher.
6. (a) (Law) A certain division
of a state or country, established by law for a judge or judges
to visit, for the administration of justice. Bouvier.
(b) (Methodist Church) A district in which an
itinerant preacher labors.
7. Circumlocution. [Obs.]
\'bdThou hast used no circuit of words.\'b8
Huloet.
Circuit court (Law), a court which
sits successively in different places in its circuit (see
Circuit, 6). In the United States, the federal circuit
courts are commonly presided over by a judge of the supreme
court, or a special circuit judge, together with the judge of the
district court. They have jurisdiction within statutory limits,
both in law and equity, in matters of federal cognizance. Some of
the individual States also have circuit courts, which have
general statutory jurisdiction of the same class, in matters of
State cognizance. -- Circuit or
Circuity of action (Law), a
longer course of proceedings than is necessary to attain the
object in view. -- To make a circuit, to go
around; to go a roundabout way. -- Voltaic
or Galvanic circuit or
circle, a continous electrical
communication between the two poles of a battery; an arrangement
of voltaic elements or couples with proper conductors, by which a
continuous current of electricity is established.
Cir"cuit, v. i. To move in a circle; to
go round; to circulate. [Obs.]
J. Philips.
Cir"cuit, v. t. To travel around.
[Obs.] \'bdHaving circuited the air.\'b8
T. Warton.
Cir`cuit*eer" (?), n. A
circuiter.
Pope.
Cir"cuit*er (?), n. One who
travels a circuit, as a circuit judge. [R.]
R. Whitlock.
Cir`cu*i"tion (?), n. [L.
circuitio. See Circuit.] The act
of going round; circumlocution. [R.]
Cir*cu"i*tous (?), a. [LL.
circuitosus.] Going round in a circuit;
roundabout; indirect; as, a circuitous road; a
circuitous manner of accompalishing an end.
-- Cir*cu"i*tous*ly, adv. --
Cir*cu"i*tous*ness, n.
Syn. -- Tortuous; winding; sinuous; serpentine.
Cir*cu"i*ty (?), n. A going
round in a circle; a course not direct; a roundabout way of
proceeding.
Cir"cu*la*ble (?), a. That may
be circulated.
Cir"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
circularis, fr. circulus circle: cf. F.
circulaire. See Circle.]
1. In the form of, or bounded by, a circle;
round.
2. repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to
the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as,
circular reasoning.
3. Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic;
hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under
Cyclic.
Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely
adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
Dennis.
4. Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons
having a common interest; circulated, or intended for
circulation; as, a circular letter.
A proclamation of Henry III., . . . doubtless
circular throughout England.
Hallam.
5. Perfect; complete. [Obs.]
A man so absolute and circular
In all those wished-for rarities that may take
A virgin captive.
Massinger.
Circular are, any portion of the circumference
of a circle. -- Circular cubics
(Math.), curves of the third order which are
imagined to pass through the two circular points at
infinity. -- Circular functions.
(Math.) See under Function. --
Circular instruments, mathematical instruments
employed for measuring angles, in which the graduation extends
round the whole circumference of a circle, or 360 --
Circular lines, straight lines pertaining to the
circle, as sines, tangents, secants, etc. --
Circular note or
letter. (a) (Com.) See
under Credit. (b) (Diplomacy)
A letter addressed in identical terms to a number of
persons. -- Circular numbers (Arith.),
those whose powers terminate in the same digits as the roots
themselves; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36.
Bailey. Barlow. -- Circular points at
infinity (Geom.), two imaginary points at
infinite distance through which every circle in the plane is, in
the theory of curves, imagined to pass. -- Circular
polarization. (Min.) See under
Polarization. -- Circular
or Globular sailing
(Naut.), the method of sailing by the arc of a
great circle. -- Circular saw. See under
Saw.
Cir"cu*lar, n. [Cf. (for sense 1) F.
circulaire, lettre circulaire. See
Circular, a.]
1. A circular letter, or paper, usually printed,
copies of which are addressed or given to various persons;
as, a business circular.
2. A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
Cir`cu*lar"i*ty (?), n. [LL.
circularitas.] The quality or state of
being circular; a circular form.
Cir"cu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a
circular manner.
Cir"cu*la*ry (?), a. Circular;
illogical. [Obs. & .] \'bdCross and
circulary speeches.\'b8
Hooker.
Cir"cu*late (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ciorculated; P.
pr. & vb. n. Circulating.] [L.
circulatus, p. p. of circulare, v. t., to
surround, make round, circulari, v. i., to gather into
a circle. See Circle.]
1. To move in a circle or circuitously; to move
round and return to the same point; as, the blood
circulates in the body.
Boyle.
2. To pass from place to place, from person to
person, or from hand to hand; to be diffused; as, money
circulates; a story circulates.
<-- p. 258 -->
Circulating decimal. See
Decimal. -- Circulating library, a
library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain
fixed rates. -- Circulating medium. See
Medium.
Cir"cu*late (?), v. t. To cause
to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread;
as, to circulate a report; to circulate
bills of credit.
Circulating pump. See under
Pump.
Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
Cir`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circulatio: cf. F. circulation.]
1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course
which brings the moving body to the place where its motion
began.
This continual circulation of human things.
Swift.
2. The act of passing from place to place or person
to person; free diffusion; transmission.
The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some
popular circulation.
Whewell.
3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc.,
current for coin.
4. The extent to which anything circulates or is
circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the
circulation of a newspaper.
5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood
in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close
relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also,
the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of
plants.
Cir"cu*la*tive (?), a.
Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.]
Coleridge.
Cir"cu*la`tor (?), n. [Cf. L.
circulator a peddler.] One who, or that
which, circulates.
Cir`cu*la*to"ri*ous (?), a.
Travelling from house to house or from town to town;
itinerant. [Obs.]
\'bdCirculatorious jugglers.\'b8
Barrow.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L.
circulatorius pert. to a mountebank: cf. F.
circulatoire.]
1. Circular; as, a circulatory
letter.
Johnson.
2. Circulating, or going round.
T. Warton.
3. (Anat.) Subserving the purposes of
circulation; as, circulatory organs; of or
pertaining to the organs of circulation; as,
circulatory diseases.
Cir"cu*la*to*ry, n. A chemical vessel
consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the
fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the
fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the
relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
Cir"cu*let (?), n. A
circlet. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Cir"cu*line (?), a. Proceeding
in a circle; circular. [Obs.] \'bdWith motion
circuline\'b8.
Dr. H. More.
Cir"cum- (?). [Akin to circle,
circus.] A Latin preposition, used as a
prefix in many English words, and signifying around or
about.
Cir`cum*ag"i*tate (?), v. t.
[Pref. circum + agitate.] To agitate
on all sides.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*am"bage (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of
ambages.] A roundabout or indirect course;
indirectness. [Obs.]
S. Richardson.
Cir`cum*am"bi*en*cy (?), n. The
act of surrounding or encompassing.
Sir T. Browne.
Cir`cum*am"bi*ent (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + ambient.]
Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides;
encompassing. \'bdThe circumambient heaven.\'b8
J. Armstrong.
Cir`cum*am"bu*late (?), v. t.
[L. circumambulatus, p. p. of
circumambulare to walk around; circum +
ambulare. See Ambulate.] To walk round
about. -- Cir`cum*am`bu*la"tion
(#), n.
Cir`cum*bend"i*bus (?), n. A
roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular]
Goldsmith.
Cir`cum*cen"ter (?), n.
(Geom.) The center of a circle that circumscribes
a triangle.
Cir"cum*cise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumcised
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumcising.] [L.
circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut
around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin
to E. c\'91sura, homicide,
concise, and prob. to shed, v. t.]
1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the
case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of
females.
2. (Script.) To purify
spiritually.
Cir"cum*ci`ser (?), n. One who
performs circumcision.
Milton.
Cir`cum*cision (?), n. [L.
circumcisio.]
1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin
of males, or the internal labia of females.
circumcision of males is practiced as
a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
2. (Script.) (a) The Jews, as a
circumcised people. (b) Rejection of the sins
of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the
Christian faith.
Cir`cum*clu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.]
Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]
Cir`cum*cur*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
circumcursare, -satum, to run round
about.] The act of running about; also, rambling
language. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Cir`cum*den`u*da"tion (?), n.
[Pref. circum- + denudation.]
(Geol.) Denudation around or in the neighborhood
of an object.
Hills of circumdenudation, hills which have
been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been
left, after denudation of a mass of high ground.
Jukes.
Cir`cum*duce" (?), v. t. [See
Circumduct.] (Scots Law) To
declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing
evidence.
Sir W. Scott.
Cir`cum*duct" (?), v. t. [L.
circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to lead
around; circum + ducere to lead.]
1. To lead about; to lead astray.
[R.]
2. (Law) To contravene; to nullify;
as, to circumduct acts of judicature.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Cir`cum*duc"tion (?), n. [L.
circumductio.]
1. A leading about; circumlocution.
[R.]
Hooker.
2. An annulling; cancellation.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
3. (Phisiol.) The rotation of a limb
round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a concial
surface.
Cir`cum*e*soph"a*gal (?), a.
[Pref. circum + esophagal.]
(Anat.) Surrounding the esophagus; -- in
Zool. said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of
arthropods and mollusks.
Cir`cum*e`so*phag"e*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Circumesophagal.
Cir"cum*fer (?), v. t. [L.
circumferre; circum + ferre to bear. See
lst Bear.] To bear or carry round.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Cir*cum"fer*ence (?), n. [L.
circumferentia.]
1. The line that goes round or encompasses a
circular figure; a periphery.
Millon.
2. A circle; anything circular.
His ponderous shield . . .
Behind him cast. The broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the moon.
Milton.
3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any
orbicular body.
Cir*cum"fer*ence, v. t. To include in a
circular space; to bound. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial (?), a.
[LL. circumferentialis.] Pertaining to
the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous.
Parkhurst.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tial*ly (?), adv.
So as to surround or encircle.
Cir*cum`fer*en"tor (?), n. [See
Circumfer.]
1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal
angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a
compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360
2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire
circle.
Cir"cum*flant (?), a. [L.
circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.]
Blowing around. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Cir"cum*flect (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumflected;
p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.]
[L. circumflectere. See
Circumflex.] 1. To bend
around.
2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a
vowel. [R.]
Cir`cum*flec"tion (?), n. See
Circumflexion.
Cir"cum*flex (?), n. [L.
circumflexus a bending round, fr.
circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or
turn about; circum + flectere to bend. See
Flexible.]
1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and
fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable.
Walker.
2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise
and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or
Accent,
n., 2.
Cir"cum*flex, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Circumflexed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Circumflexing (?).]
To mark or pronounce with a circumflex.
Walker.
Cir"cum*flex, a. [Cf. L.
circumflexus, p. p.]
1. Moving or turning round; circuitous.
[R.]
Swift.
2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; -- applied
to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and
a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.
Cir`cum*flex"ion (?), n. 1.
The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved
form.
2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a
fold.
Cir*cum"flu*ence (?), n. A
flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
{ Cir*cum"flu*ent (?),
Cir*cum"flu*ous (?), } a.
[L. circumfluere, p. pr. of
circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also
L. circumfluus.] Flowing round; surrounding
in the manner of a fluid. \'bdThe deep,
circumfluent waves.\'b8
Pope.
{ Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*an (?),
Cir`cum*fo*ra"ne*ous (?), } a.
[L. circumforaneus found in markets; circum
+ forum a market place.] Going about or abroad;
walking or wandering from house to house.
Addison.
Cir`cum*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + fulgent.] Shining
around or about.
Cir`cum*fuse" (?), v. t. [L.
circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour
around; circum + fundere to pour.] To pour
round; to spread round.
His army circumfused on either wing.
Milton.
Cir`cum*fu"sile (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + L. fusilis fusil,
a.] Capable of being poured or spread
round. \'bdCircumfusile gold.\'b8
Pope.
Cir`cum*fu"sion (?), n. [L.
circumfusio.] The act of pouring or
spreading round; the state of being spread round.
Swift.
Cir`cum*ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
circumgestare to carry around; circum +
gestare to carry.] The act or process of
carrying about. [Obs.]
Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored.
Jer. Taylor.
Cir`cum*gy"rate (?), v. t. & i.
[Pref. circum- + gyrate.]
To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or
circular motion.
Ray.
Cir`cum*gy*ra"tion (?), n. The
act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
A certain turbulent and irregular
circumgyration.
Holland.
Cir`cum*gy"ra*to*ry (?), a.
Moving in a circle; turning round.
Hawthorne.
Cir`cum*gyre" (?), v. i. To
circumgyrate. [Obs.]
Cir`cum*in*ces"sion (?), n.
[Pref. circum- + L. incedere,
incessum, to walk.] (Theol.) The
reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the
Trinity.
Cir`cum*ja"cence (?), n.
Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering ou every
side.
Cir`cum*ja"cent (?), a. [L.
circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere;
circum + jac to lie.] Lying round;
borderong on every side.
T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*jo"vi*al (?), n. [Pref.
circum- + L. Jupiter, gen.
Jovis, Jove.] One of the moons or
satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.]
Derham.
Cir`cum*lit"to*ral (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + littus,
littoris, shore; preferable form, litus,
litoria.] Adjointing the shore.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui,
-locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum +
loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] The
use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by
few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrese.
the plain Billingagate way of calling names . . . would save
abundance of time lost by circumlocution.
Swift.
Circumlocution office, a term of riducle for a
governmental office where business is delayed by passing through
the hands of different officials.
Cir`cum*lo*cu"tion*al (?), a.
Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions;
periphrastic; circuitous.
Cir`cum*loc"u*to*ry (?), a.
Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic.
Shenstone.
The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory
order.
Chambers's Journal.
Cir`cum*me*rid"i*an (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + meridian.]
About, or near, the meridian.
Cir`cum*mure" (?), v. t. [Pref.
circum- + mure, v. t.] To
encompass with a wall.
Shak.
Cir`cum*nav"i*ga*ble (?), a.
Capable of being sailed round.
Ray.
Cir`cum*nav"i*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumnavigating (?).] [L.
circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to
sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.]
To sail completely round.
Having circumnavigated the whole earth.
T. Fuller.
Cir`cum*nav`i*ga"tion (?), n.
The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.
Arbuthnot.
Cir`cum*nav"iga`tor (?), n. One
who sails round.
W. Guthrie.
Cir`cum*nu"tate (?), v. i.
[Pref. circum- + nutate.]
To pass through the stages of circumnutation.
Cir`cum*nu*ta"tion (?), n.
(Bot.) The successive bowing or bending in
different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many
plants, especially seen in climbing plants.
Cir`cum*po"lar (?), a. [Pref.
circum- + polar.] About the
pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without
setting; as, circumpolar stars.
Cir`cum*po*si"tion (?), n. [L.
circumpositio, fr. circumponere, -
positium, to place around.] The act of
placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so
placed.
Evelyn.
{ Cir`cum*ro"tary (?),
Cir`cum*ro"ta*to*ry (?), } a.
[Pref. circum- + rotary,
rotatory.] turning, rolling, or whirling
round.
Cir`cum*ro"tate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. circumrotare; circum + rotare to
turn round.] To rotate about. [R.]
Cir`cum*ro*ta"tion (?), n. The
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution;
the state of being whirled round.
J. Gregory.
Cir`cum*scis"sile (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + scissle.]
(Bot.) Dehiscing or opening by a transverse
fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See
Illust. of Pyxidium.
Cir`cum*scrib"a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed.
Cir`cum*scribe" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumscribed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumscribing.] [L.
circumscribere, -scriptum; circum +
scribere to write, draw. See Soribe.]
1. to write or engare around.
[R.]
Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph.
Ashmole.
2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to
surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.
To circumscribe royal power.
Bancroft.
3. (Geom.) To draw a line around si as
to touch at certain points without cutting. See
Inscribe, 5.
Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge;
restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
Cir`cum*scrib"er (?), n. One
who, or that which, circumscribes.
Cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.
Cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. [L.
circumscriptio. See Circumscribe.]
1. An inscription written around anything.
[R.]
Ashmole.
2. The exterior line which determines the form or
magnitude of a body; outline; periphery.
Ray.
3. The act of limiting, or the state of being
limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement;
limit.
The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature.
Johnson.
I would not my unhoused, free condition
Put into circumscription and confine.
Shak.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive (?), a.
Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the
limits or form of.
Cir`cum*scrip"tive*ly, adv. In a limited
manner.
Cir"cum*script`ly (?), adv. In
a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.]
Milton.
Cir"cum*spect (?), a. [L.
circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to
look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere,
specere, to look. See Spy.]
Attentive to all the circustances of a case or the probable
consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.
Syn. -- See Cautious.
Cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumspectio.] Attention to all the facts
and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.
With silent circumspection, unespied.
Milton.
Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation;
thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
<-- p. 259 -->
Cir`cum*spec"tive (?), a.
Looking around everi way; cautious; careful of consequences;
watchful of danger. \'bdCircumspective eyes.\'b8
Pope.
Cir`cum*spec"tive*ly, adv.
Circumspectly.
Cir"cum*spect"ly (?), adv. In a
circumspect manner; cautiously; warily.
Cir"cum*spect"ness, n. Vigilance un
guarding against evil from every quarter; caution.
[Travel] forces circumspectness on those abroad,
who at home are nursed in security.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir"cum*stance (?), n. [L.
circumstantia, fr. circumstans,
-antis, p. pr. of circumstare to stand
around; circum + stare to stand. See
Stand.] 1. That which attends, or
relates to, or in some way affects, a fact or event; an attendant
thing or state of things.
The circumstances are well known in the country
where they happened.
W. Irving.
2. An event; a fact; a particular incident.
The sculptor had in his thoughts the conqoeror weeping for new
worlds, or the like circumstances in histery.
Addison.
3. Circumlocution; detail.
[Obs.]
So without more circumstance at all
I hold it fit that shake hands and part.
Shak.
4. pl. Condition in regard to worldly
estate; state of property; situation; surroundings.
When men are easy in their circumstances, they are
naturally enemies to innovations.
Addison.
Not a circumstance, of no account.
[Colloq.] -- Under the
circumstances, taking all things into
consideration.
Syn. -- Event; occurrence; incident; situation; condition;
position; fact; detail; item. See Event.
Cir"cum*stance, v. t. To place in a
particular situation; to suppy relative incidents.
The poet took the matters of fact as they came down to him and
circumstanced them, after his own manner.
Addison.
Cir"cum*stanced (?), p. a.
1. Placed in a particular position or condition;
situated.
The proposition is, that two bodies so
circumstanced will balance each other.
Whewell.
2. Governed by events or circumstances.
[Poetic & R.] \'bdI must be
circumstanced.\'b8
Shak.
Cir"cum*stant (?), a. [L.
circumstans. See Circumstance.]
Standing or placed around; surrounding.
[R.] \'bdCircumstant bodies.\'b8
Sir K. Digby.
Cir`cum*stan"tia*ble (?), a.
Capable of being circumstantiated. [Obs.]
Jer Taylor.
Cir`cum*stan"tial (?), a. [Cf.
F. circonstanciel.]
1. Consisting in, or pertaining to, circumstances
or particular incidents.
The usual character of human testimony is substantial truth
under circumstantial variety.
Paley.
2. Incidental; relating to, but not
essential.
We must therefore distinguish between the essentials in
religious worship . . . and what is merely
circumstantial.
Sharp.
3. Abounding with circumstances; detailing or
exhibiting all the circumstances; minute; particular.
Tedious and circumstantial recitals.
Prior.
Circumstantial evidence (Law),
evidence obtained from circumstances, which necessarily or
usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises
presumption. According to some authorities
circumstantial is distinguished from positive
evidence in that the latter is the testimony of eyewitnesses to a
fact or the admission of a party; but the prevalent opinion now
is that all such testimony is dependent on circumstances for its
support. All testimony is more or less circumstantial.
Wharton.
Syn. -- See Minute.
Cir`cum*stan"tial, n. Something
incidental to the main subject, but of less importance; opposed
to an essential; -- generally in the plural; as,
the circumstantials of religion.
Addison.
Cir`cum*stan`ti*al"i*ty (?), n.
The state, characteristic, or quality of being
circumstantial; particularity or minuteness of detail.
\'bdI will endeavor to describe with sufficient
circumstantiality.\'b8
De Quincey.
Cir`cum*stan"tial*ly (?), adv.
1. In respect to circumstances; not essentially;
accidentally.
Of the fancy and intellect, the powers are only
circumstantially different.
Glanvill.
2. In every circumstance or particular;
minutely.
To set down somewhat circumstantially, not only the
events, but the manner of my trials.
Boyle.
Cir`cum*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumstantiated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Circumstantiating (?).] [See
Circumstantiating (
1. To place in particular circumstances; to invest
with particular accidents or adjuncts. [R.]
If the act were otherwise circumstantiated, it
might will that freely which now it wills reluctantly.
Bramhall.
2. To prove or confirm by circumstances; to entr
into details concerning.
Neither will time permint to circumstantiate these
particulars, which I have only touched in the general.
State Trials (1661).
Cir`cum*ter*ra"ne*ous (?), a.
[Pref. circum- + L. terra
earth.] Being or dwelling around the earth.
\'bdCircumterraneous demouns.\'b8
H. Hallywell.
Cir`cum*un"du*late (?), v. t.
[Pref. circum- + undulate.]
To flow round, as waves. [R.]
Cir`cum*val"late (?), v. t. [L.
circumvallatus, p. p. of circumvallare to
surround with a wall; circum + vallare to
wall, fr. vallum rampart.] To surround with
a rampart or wall.
Johnson.
Cir`cum*val"late (?), a. 1.
Surrounded with a wall; inclosed with a rampart.
2. (Anat.) Surrounded by a ridle or
elevation; as, the circumvallate papill\'91, near
the base of the tongue.
Cir`cum*val*la"tion (?), n.
(Mil.) (a) The act of surrounding with a
wall or rampart. (b) A line of field works
made around a besieged place and the besieging army, to protect
the camp of the besiegers against the attack of an enemy from
without.
Cir`cum*vec"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvectio; circum + vehere to
carry.] The act of carrying anything around, or the
state of being so carried.
Cir`cum*vent" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvented;
p. pr. vb. n. Circumventing.]
[L. circumventis, p. p. of
circumvenire, to come around, encompass, decieve;
circum + venire to come, akin to E.
come.] To gain advantage over by arts,
stratagem, or deception; to decieve; to delude; to get
around.
I circumvented whom I could not gain.
Dryden.
Cir`cum*ven"tion (?), n. [L.
circumventio.] The act of prevailing over
another by arts, address, or fraud; deception; fraud; imposture;
delusion.
A school in which he learns sly circumvention.
Cowper.
Cir`cum*vent"ive (?), a.
Tending to circumvent; deceiving by artifices;
deluding.
Cir`cum*vent"or (?), n.
[L.] One who circumvents; one who gains his
purpose by cunning.
Cir`cum*vest" (?), v. t. [L.
circumvestire; circum + vestire to
clothe.] To cover round, as woth a garment; to
invest. [Obs.]
Circumvested with much prejudice.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cir*cum"vo*lant (?), a. [L.
circumvolans, p. pr. See
Circumvolation.] Flying around.
The circumvolant troubles of humanity.
G. Macdonald.
Cir`cum*vo*la"tion (?), n. [L.
circumvolate. -volatum, to fly around;
circum + volare to fly.] The act of flying
round. [R.]
Cir`cum*vo*lu"tion (?), n. [See
Circumvolve.]
1. The act of rolling round; the state of being
rolled.
2. A thing rolled round another.
Arbuthnot.
3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution.
He had neither time nor temper for sentimental
circumvolutions.
Beaconsfield.
Cir`cum*volve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Circumvolved
(?); p. pr. vb. n.
Circumvolving.] [L.
circumvolvere, -volutum; circum +
volvere to roll.] To roll round; to cause to
revolve; to put into a circular motion.
Herrick.
Cir`cum*volve", v. i. To roll round; to
revolve.
Cir"cus (?), n.; pl.
Circuses (#). [L.
circus circle, ring, circus (in sense 1). See
Circle, and cf. Cirque.]
1. (Roman Antiq.) A level oblong space
surrounded on three sides by seats of wood, earth, or stone,
rising in tiers one above another, and divided lengthwise through
the middle by a barrier around which the track or course was laid
out. It was used for chariot races, games, and public
shows.
Circus Maximus at Rome could contain
more than 100,000 spectators.
Harpers' Latin Dict.
2. A circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats
of horsemanship, acrobatic displays, etc. Also, the company of
performers, with their equipage.
3. Circuit; space; inclosure.
[R.]
The narrow circus of my dungeon wall.
Byron.
Cirl" bun`ting (?). [Cf. It.
cirlo.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
bunting (Emberiza cirlus).
Cirque (?), n. [F., fr. L.
circus.]
1. A circle; a circus; a circular erection or
arrangement of objects.
A dismal cirque
Of Druid stones upon a forlorn moor.
Keats.
2. A kind of circular valley in the side of a
mountain, walled around by precipices of great height.
Cir"rate (?), a. [L.
cirratus having ringlets, fr. cirrus a
curl.] (Zo\'94l.) Having cirri along the
margin of a part or organ.
Cir*rhif"er*ous (?), a. See
Cirriferous.
Cir"rhose (?), a. Same as
Cirrose.
\'d8Cir*rho"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. cirrhose. So called
from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often
presents when cut.] (Med.) A disease of the
liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense
and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar
changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous
framework and decrease in the proper substance of the
organ.
Cir*rhot"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as,
cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic
liver.
Cir"rhous (?), a. See
Cirrose.
Cir"rhus (?), n. Same as
Cirrus.
\'d8Cir"ri (?), n. pl. See
Cirrus.
Cir*rif"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -ferous.] Bearing
cirri, as many plants and animals.
Cir"ri*form (?), a.
[Cirrus + -form.]
(Biol.) Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said
of appendages of both animals and plants.
Cir*rig"er*ous (?), a.
[Cirrus + -gerous.]
(Biol.) Having curled locks of hair; supporting
cirri, or hairlike appendages.
Cir"ri*grade (?), a.
[Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.]
(Biol.) Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike
appendages.
Cir"ri*ped (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cirripedia.
\'d8Cir`ri*pe"di*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes,
pedis, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have
a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening
of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs,
looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See
Anatifa.
\'d8Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae
gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Mollusca
having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the
Scaphopoda.
Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus (?), n.
[Cirrus + cumulus.]
(Meteor.) See under Cloud.
Cir"rose (?), a. [See
Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a)
Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose
leaf. (b) Resembling a tendril or
cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]
\'d8Cir`ros"to*mi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so
called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See
Amphioxus.
Cir`ro-stra"tus (?), n.
[Cirrus + stratus.]
(Meteor.) See under Cloud.
Cir"rous (?), a. 1.
(Bot.) Cirrose.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Tufted; -- said of certain
feathers of birds.
\'d8Cir"rus (?), n.; pl.
Cirri (#). [L., lock, curl,
ringlet.] [Also written cirrhus.]
1. (Bot.) A tendril or clasper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A soft
tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the
parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are
Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are
caudal cirri. (b) The jointed,
leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and
Polych\'91ta.
cirri
aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the
Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri
are branchial in function.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The external male organ of
trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.
4. (Meteor.) See under
Cloud.
Cir"so*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The
varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.
Cir"soid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)
Varicose.
Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in
which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose
vein.
Cir*sot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) Any
operation for the removal of varices by incision.
Dunglison.
Cis- (?). A Latin preposition, sometimes
used as a prefix in English words, and signifying on this
side.
Cis*al"pine (?), a. [L.
Cisalpinus; cis on this side +
Alpinus Alpine.] On the hither side of the
Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the
Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.
Cis`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + Atlantic.] On this side
of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western
side, according to the standpoint of the writer.
Story.
Cis"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable
food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also
applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake
Michigan.
\'d8Ci`se*lure" (?), n.
[F.] The process of chasing on metals; also, the
work thus chased.
Weale.
Cis*lei"than (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + Leitha.] On the Austrian
side of the river Leitha; Austrian.
Cis*mon"tane (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + L. mons mountain.] On
this side of the mountains. See under
Ultramontane.
Cis"pa*dane` (?), a. [Pref.
cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the
Padus or Po.] On the hither side of the
river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south
side.
Cis"soid (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A curve
invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated
problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle,
and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight
lines.
Cist (?), n. [L.
cista box, chest, Gr. Chest.]
1. (Antiq.) A box or chest.
Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval,
frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and
with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A
cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. See Cyst.
Cist"ed, a. Inclosed in a cyst. See
Cysted.
Cis*ter"cian (?), n. [LL.
Cistercium. F. C\'8cteaux, a convent not
far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.]
(Eccl.) A monk of the prolific branch of the
Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at C\'8cteaux, in France,
by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the
Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its
rigor. -- a. Of or pertaining to the
Cistercians.
<-- p. 260 -->
Cis"tern (?), n. [OE.
cisterne, OF. cisterne, F.
cisterne, fr. L. cisterna, fr.
cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf.
chest.] 1. An artificial reservoir
or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.
2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing
water. \'bdThe wide cisterns of the lakes.\'b8
Blackmore.
Cist"ic (?), a. See
Cystic.
Cit (, n. [Contr. fr.
citizen.] A citizen; an inhabitant of a
city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. \'bdInsulted as a
cit\'b8.
Johnson
Which past endurance sting the tender cit.
Emerson.
Cit"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cited.
Cit"a*del (?), n. [F.
citadelle, It. citadella, dicitt city, fr. L. civitas. See
City.] A fortress in or near a fortified
city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a
final point of defense.
Syn. - Stronghold. See
Fortress.
Cit"al (?), n. [From
Cite] 1. Summons to appear, as
before a judge. [R.]
Johnson
2. Citation; quotation [R.]
Johnson.
Ci*ta"tion (?), n. [F.
citation, LL. citatio, fr.L.
citare to cite. See Cite] 1.
An official summons or notice given to a person to appear;
the paper containing such summons or notice.
2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from
another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words
quoted; quotation.
This horse load of citations and fathers.
Milton.
3. Enumeration; mention; as, a
citation of facts.
4. (Law) A reference to decided cases,
or books of authority, to prove a point in law.
Ci*ta"tor (?), n. One who
cites. [R]
Ci"ta*to*ry (?), a. [LL.
citatirius.] Having the power or form of a
citation; as, letters citatory.
Cite (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. &
vb. n. Citing] [F.
citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of
cire, ci\'c7re, to put in motion, to
excite; akin to Gr.
1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to
appear, as before a court; to summon.
The cited dead,
Of all past ages, to the general doom
Shall hasten.
Milton.
Cited by finger of God.
De Quincey.
2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.]
Shak.
3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book,
or the words of another.
The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose.
Shak.
4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof,
illustration, or confirmation.
The imperfections which you have cited.
Shak.
5. To bespeak; to indicate.
[Obs.]
Aged honor cites a virtuous youth.
Shak.
6. (Law) To notify of a proceeding in
court.
Abbot
Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select;
call; summon. See Quote.
Cit"er (?), n. One who
cites.
Cit"ess (?), n. [From
Cit.] A city woman [R.]
Cith"a*ra (?), n. [L. Cf.
Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.)
An ancient instrument resembling the harp.
Cith`a*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining, or adapted, to the
cithara.
Cith"ern (?), n. See
Cittern.
Cit"i*cism (?), n. [From
cit.] The manners of a cit or
citizen.
Cit"ied (?), a. 1.
Belonging to, or resembling, a city. \'bdSmoky,
citied towns\'b8 [R.]
Drayton.
2. Containing, or covered with, cities.
[R.] \'bdThe citied earth.\'b8
Keats.
Cit"i*fied (?), a.
[City +-fy.] Aping, or
having, the manners of a city.
\'d8Cit`i*gra"d\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of
cire, ciere, to move) + gradi to
walk. See Cite.] (Zo\'94l.) A
suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the
wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which
capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf
spider.
Cit"i*grade (?), a. [Cf. F.
citigrade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Pertaining to the Citigrad\'91. -- n.
One of the Citigrad\'91.
Cit"i*ner (?), n. One who is
born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.]
Champan.
Cit"i*zen (?), n. [OE.
citisein, OF. citeain, F.
citoyen, fr. cit\'82 city. See
City, and cf. Cit.] 1. One
who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a
city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to
its franchises.
That large body of the working men who were not counted as
citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an
anodyne to their stomachs.
G. Eliot.
2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman.
Shak.
3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex,
who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to
reciprocal protection from it.
Abbot
4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a
citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense
that he takes his legal status from such
country.
Cit"i*zen, a. 1. Having the
condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a
citizen soldiery.
2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city;
characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious.
[Obs.]
I am not well,
But not so citizen a wanton as
To seem to die ere sick.
Shak.
Cit"i*zen*ess, n. A female
citizen. [R.]
Cit"i*zen*ship, n. The state of being a
citizen; the status of a citizen.
Cit"ole (?), n. [OF.
citole, fr. L. cithara. See
Cittern.] (Mus.) A musical instrument;
a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]
Cit`ra*con"ic (?), a.
[Citric + aconitic.]
Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain
characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids.
Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white,
crystalline, deliquescent substance,
C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation of citric
acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.
Cit"rate (?), n. [From
Citric.] (Chem.) A salt of citric
acid.
Cit"ric (?), a. [Cf. F.
citrique. See Citron.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the
citron or lemon; as, citric acid.
Citric acid (Chem.), an organic
acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3, extracted from lemons,
currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance,
having a pleasant sour taste.
Cit`ri*na"tion (?), n. [See
Citrine.] The process by which anything
becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of
perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a
deep yellow color.
Thynne.
Cit"rine (?), a. [F.
citrin. See Citron.] Like a citron
or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow.
Citrine ointment (Med.), a
yellowish mercurial ointment, the unquentum hydrargyri
nitratis.
Cit"rine, n. A yellow, pellucid variety
of quartz.
Cit"ron (?), n. [F.
citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus
citron tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from
Gr. 1. (Bot) A fruit
resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The
thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.
2. A citron tree.
3. A citron melon.
Citron melon. (a) A small variety of
muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small
variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making
sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree
(Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was
probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be
the typical form of Citrus Medica.
\'d8Cit"rus (?), n. [L., a
citron tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees
including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of
southern Asia.
Cit"tern (?), n.
[L.cithara, Gr. Cithara,
Gittern.] (Mus.) An instrument
shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill
or plectrum. [Written also
cithern.]
Shak.
zither.
Cit"tern-head` (?), n.
Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a
cittern usually ended with a carved head.
Marsion
Cit"y (, n.; pl.
Cities (#). [OE. cite,
F. citcivitas citizenship,
state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth.
heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house),
AS. heirath marriage, prop., providing a house, E.
hind a peasant.] 1. A large
town.
2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town
or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a
mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of
aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town
corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the
capital of his see.
A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has
been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been
dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a
city.
Blackstone
When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course
meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word city
has no other meaning in English law.
Palfrey
3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants
of a city. \'bdWhat is the city but the
people?\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Village.
Cit"y, a. Of or pertaining to a
city.
Shak.
City council. See under Council.
-- City court, The municipal court of a city.
[U. S.] -- City ward, a watchman, or
the collective watchmen, of a city. [Obs.]
Fairfax.
Cive (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Chive.
Civ"et (?), n. [F.
civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat,
fr. LGr. zub, zab,
civet.]
1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or
honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet
(Viverra civetta). It is of clear yellowish or
brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when
undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with
another substance. It is used as a perfume.
2. (Zo\'94l) The animal that produces
civet (Viverra civetta); -- called also civet
cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long,
and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and
spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and
of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.
Civ"et (?), v. t. To scent or
perfume with civet.
Cowper
Civ"ic (?), a. [L.civicus, fr.
civis citizen. See City.] Relating
to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a
member of society, or to civil affairs.
Civic crown (Rom. Antiq.), a crown
or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who
had saved the life of a citizen in battle.
Civ"i*cism (?), n. The
principle of civil government.
Civ"ics (?), n. The science of
civil government.
Civ"il (?), a. [L.
civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F.
civil. See City.] 1.
Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city
or state.
2. Subject to government; reduced to order;
civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community.
England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the
other day since England grew civil.
Spenser.
3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
Civil men come nearer the saints of God than
others; they come within a step or two of heaven.
Preston
4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as
opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
civil man now is one observant of
slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man
and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all
the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis'
and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'\'b8
Trench
5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in
distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official
state.
6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action
or suit distinct from criminal proceedings.
Civil action, an action to enforce the rights
or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding. -- Civil architecture, the
architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the
purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval
architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc. --
Civil death. (Law.) See under
Death. -- Civil engineering. See
under Engineering. -- Civil law. See
under Law. -- Civil list. See under
List. -- Civil remedy (Law),
that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a
criminal prosecution. -- Civil service, all
service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other
than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. --
Civil service reform, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of
the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to
office. -- Civil state, the whole body of the
laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and
ecclesiastical states. -- Civil suit. Same as
Civil action. -- CCivil war. See
under War. -- Civil year. See under
Year.
Ci*vil"ian (?), n. [From
Civil] 1. One skilled in the civil
law.
Ancient civilians and writers upon government.
Swift.
2. A student of the civil law at a university or
college.
R. Graves.
3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not
military or clerical.
Civ"il*ist (?), n. A
civilian. [R.]
Warbur
Ci*vil"l*ty (?), n.; pl.
Civilities (#). [L.
civilitas: cf. F. civilit\'82. See
Civil.] 1. The state of society in
which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and
obeyed; a state of civilization. [Obs.]
Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility,
and fallen again to ruin.
Sir J. Davies.
The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word
civility has obliged the creation of another word --
civilization.
Trench.
2. A civil office, or a civil process
[Obs.]
To serve in a civility.
Latimer.
3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good
breeding; a polite act or expression.
The insolent civility of a proud man is, if
possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be.
Chesterfield.
The sweet civilities of life.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.
Civ"i*li`za*ble (?), a. Capable
of being civilized.
Civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. civilisation.] 1. The act of
civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture;
refinement.
Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things
connected with manners, and with civilization, have,
in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two
principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of
religion.
Burke
2. (Law) Rendering a criminal process
civil. [Obs.]
Civ"i*lize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Civilized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Civilizing.] [Cf. F.
civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See
Civil.] 1. To reclaim from a savage
state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to
educate; to refine.
Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose
Her land to civilize, as to subdue.
Dryden
2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state.
[Obs. or R.] \'bdCivilizing adultery.\'b8
Milton.
Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.
Civ"i*lized (?), a. Reclaimed
from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and
civil manners; refined; cultivated.
Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable
with the present state of civilized society.
J. Quincy.
Civ"i*li*zer (?), n. One who,
or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.
Civ"i*ly (?), adv. In a civil
manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely;
courteously; in a well bred manner.
Civ"ism (?), n. [Cf.F.
civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]
State of citizenship. [R.]
Dyer.
Ciz"ar (?), v. i. [From
Cizars.] To clip with scissors.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ciz"ars (?), n. pl.
Scissors. [Obs.]
Swift.
Cize (?), n. Bulk; largeness.
[Obs.] See Size.
Clab"ber (?), n. [See
Bonnyclabber] Milk curdled so as to become
thick.
Clab"ber, v. i. To become clabber; to
lopper.
Clach"an (?), n. [Scot.,
fr.Gael.] A small village containing a church.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott
Sitting at the clachon alehouse.
R. L. Stevenson.
Clack (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clacked
(?);p. pr. & vb. n.
Clacking.] [Prob. of imitative origin;
cf. F.claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken,
MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a
noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n., Clatter,
Click.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp
noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object,
or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click.
We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders
of the poor little wretches.
Thackeray.
<-- p. 261 -->
2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with
abruptness; to let the tongue run.
Clack (?), v. t. 1. To
cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to
click.
2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately.
Feltham.
To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's mark, in
order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty.
[Eng.]
Clack, n. [Cf. F. claque a
slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W. clec
crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.]
1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises,
made by striking an object.
2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the
clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.
3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle;
prating.
Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual
clack.
South.
Clack box (Mach.), the box or
chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack
dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by
beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice.
Shak.
Clack door (Mining), removable
cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump
valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a
valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its
seat, falls with a clacking sound.
Clack"er (?), n. 1.
One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper
of a mill.
2. A claqueur. See Claqueur.
Clad (?), v.t To clothe.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Clad, imp. & p. p. of
Clothe.
\'d8Cla*doc"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of the Entomostraca.
Clad"o*phyll (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A special
branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the
broom (Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax
(Myrsiphillum).
Clag"gy (?), a. [Cf.
Clog.] Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine
to which coal clings.
Claik (?), n. See
Clake.
Claim (kl\'bem), v.
[imp. & p. p. Claimed
(kl\'bemd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claiming.] [OE. clamen,
claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L.
clamare to cry out, call; akin to calare to
proclaim, Gr. kal to sound, G.
holen to fetch, E. hale haul.]
1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of
authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to
demand as due.
2. To proclaim. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To call or name. [Obs.]
Spenser.
4. To assert; to maintain.
[Colloq.]
Claim, v. i. To be entitled to anything;
to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one
claims, came by his authority.
Locke.
Claim, n. [Of. claim cry,
complaint, from clamer. See Claim,
v.t.] 1. A demand of a right or supposed
right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be
due; an assertion of a right or fact.
2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to
any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another;
also, a title to anything which another should give or concede
to, or confer on, the claimant. \'bdA bar to all
claims upon land.\'b8
Hallam.
3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to
which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's
claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. &
Australia]
4. A laoud call. [Obs.]
Spenser
To lay claim to, to demand as a right. \'bdDoth he lay
claim to thine inheritance?\'b8
Shak.
Claim"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being claimed.
Claim"ant (?), n. [Cf.
OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer.
Cf.Clamant.] One who claims; one who asserts
a right or title; a claimer.
Claim"er (?), n. One who
claims; a claimant.
Claim"less, a. Having no claim.
\'d8Clair"-ob*scur" (, n.
[F. See Clare-obscure.] See
Chiaroscuro.
Clair*voy"ance (?), n.
[F.] A power, attributed to some persons while in
a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the
senses in their normal condition.
Clair*voy"ant (?), a. [F., fr.
clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of
voir to see. See Clear, and
Vision.] Pertaining to clairvoyance;
discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not
present to the senses.
Clair*voy"ant n. One who is able, when
in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the
senses.
{ Clake, Claik (?), }
n. (Zo\'94l.) The bernicle goose; --
called also clack goose.<-- now called
barnacle goose-->
Clam (?), n. [Cf.
Clamp, Clam, v. t.,
Clammy.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible;
as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the
quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the
sea clam or hen clam (Spisula
solidissima), and other species of the United States.
The name is said to have been given originally to the
Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of
sand, where you may not take many clampes, or
lobsters, or both, at your pleasure.
Capt. John Smith (1616).
Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not
much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand.
Wood (1634).
2. (Ship Carp.) Strong pinchers or
forceps.
3. pl. (Mech.) A kind of
vise, usually of wood.
Blood clam. See under
Blood.
Clam (cl\'ddm), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clammed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clamming.] [Cf. AS.
cl\'91man to clam, smear; akin to Icel.
kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan,
chleimen, to defile, or E. clammy.]
To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter.
A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed
and clammed Themselves till there was no getting out
again.
L'Estrange.
Clam, v. i. To be moist or glutinous; to
stick; to adhere. [R.]
Dryden
Clam, n. Claminess; moisture.
[R.] \'bdThe clam of death.\'b8
Carlyle.
Clam, n. [Abbrev. fr.
clamor.] A crash or clangor made by ringing
all the bells of a chime at once.
Nares.
Clam, v. t. & i. To produce, in bell
ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.
Nares.
Cla"mant (?), a. [L.
clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf.
Claimant.] Crying earnestly, beseeching
clamorousky. \'bdClamant children.\'b8
Thomson.
Cla*ma"tion (?), n. [LL.
clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.]
The act of crying out.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Clam`a*to"res (?), n. pl.
[L. clamator, pl. clamatores, a
bawler.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of passerine
birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so
that they lack the power of singing.
Clam`a*to"rial (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Clamatores.
Clam"bake (?), n. The backing
or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed;
hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.
Clam"ber (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clambered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clambering.] [OE clambren,
clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel.
klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf.
Clamp, Climb.] To climb with
difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used
figuratively.
The narrow street that clambered toward the
mill.
Tennyson.
Clam"ber, n. The act of
clambering.
T. Moore.
Clam"ber, v. t. To ascend by climbing
with difficulty.
Clambering the walls to eye him.
Shak.
Clam*jam"phrie (?), n. Low,
worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Clam"mi*ly (?), adv. In a
clammy manner. \'bdOozing so clammily.\'b8
Hood.
Clam"mi*ness, n. State of being clammy
or viscous.
Clam"my (?), a.
[Compar. Clammier (?);
superl. Clammiest.] [Cf. AS.
cl\'bem clay. See Clam to clog, and cf.
Clay.] Having the quality of being viscous or
adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if
covered with a cold perspiration.
Clam"or (?), n. [OF.
clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr.
L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See
Claim.] 1. A great outcry or
vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation.
Shak.
2. Any loud and continued noise.
Addison.
3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or
discontent; a popular outcry.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.
Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clamored (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clamoring.] 1. To
salute loudly. [R.]
The people with a shout
Rifted the air, clamoring their god with praise.
Milton.
2. To stun with noise. [R.]
Bacon.
3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout.
Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly.
Longfellow.
To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to
produce a loud clang.
Bp. Warbur
Clam"or, v. i. To utter loud sounds or
outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate
demands.
The obscure bird
Clamored the livelong night.
Shak.
Clam"or*er (?), n. One who
clamors.
Clam"or*ous (?), a. [LL.
clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF.
clamoreux.] Speaking and repeating loud
words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently;
vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent. \'bdMy young
ones were clamorous for a morning's excursion.\'b8
Southey.
-- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv. --
Clam"or*ous*ness, n.
Clamp (?), n. [Cf. LG. & D.
klamp, Dan. klampe, also D.
klampen to fasten, clasp. Cf. Clam,
Cramp.] 1. Something rigid that
holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal,
used to hold two or more pieces together.
2. (a) An instrument with a screw or
screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are
temporarily held together. (b)
(Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another,
or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.
3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or
other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to
grasp without bruising.
4. (Shipbuilding) A thick plank on the
inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of
beams.
5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of
ore for roasting, or of coal coking.
6. A mollusk. See Clam.
[Obs.]
Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.
Clamp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clamped (?;
215) p. pr. & vb. n.
Clamping.] 1. To fasten with a
clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.
2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth.
[Eng.]
Clamp, n. [Prob. an imitative word.
Cf.Clank.] A heavy footstep; a tramp.
Clamp, v. i. To tread heavily or
clumsily; to clump.
The policeman with clamping feet.
Thackeray.
Clamp"er (?), n. An instrument
of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable
the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper.
Kane.
Clan (?), n. [Gael.
clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir.
clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family;
perh. from L. plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf.
Plant, n.] 1. A tribe or
collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as
having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname;
as, the clan of Macdonald. \'bdI have
marshaled my clan.\'b8
Campbell.
2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons;
esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or
pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously.
Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me.
Smolett.
The whole clan of the enlightened among us.
Burke.
Clan"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
clancularius , from clanculum secretly,
adv. dim. of clam secretly.] Conducted with
secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.]
Not close and clancular, but frank and open.
Barrow.
Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv. privately;
secretly. [Obs.]
Clan*des"tine (?), a. [L.
clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to
celare, E. conceal: cf. F.
clandestin.] Conducted with secrecy;
withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept
secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a
clandestine marriage.
Locke.
Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly;
stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent.
-- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. --
Clan*des"tine*ness, n.
Clan`des*tin"i*ty (?), n.
Privacy or secrecy. [R.]
Clang (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clanged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clanging.] [L. clangere;
akin to Gr. clank.] To strike together so as to produce
a ringing metallic sound.
The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding
arms.
Prior.
Clang, v. i. To give out a clang; to
resound. \'bdClanging hoofs.\'b8
Tennyson.
Clang, n. 1. A loud, ringing
sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or
struck together.
The broadsword's deadly clang,
As if a thousand anvils rang.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Mus.) Qualyty of tone.
Clan"gor (?), n. [L., fr.
clangere. See Clang, v. t.]
A sharp, harsh, ringing sound.
Dryden.
Clan"gor*ous (?), a. [LL.
clangorosus.] Making a clangor; having a
ringing, metallic sound.
Clan"gous (?), a. Making a
clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]
Clan*jam"frie (?), n. Same as
Clamjamphrie. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Clank (?), n. [Akin to
clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G.
klang sound, D. klank. Cf.
Clang.] A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made
by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually
expressing a duller or less resounding sound than
clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than
clink.
But not in chains to pine,
His spirit withered with tyeur clank.
Byron.
Clank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clanked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clanking.] To cause to sound
with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their
chains.
Clank, v. i. To sound with a
clank.
Clank"less, a. Without a clank.
Byreon.
Clan"nish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to
associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the
traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan.
-- Clan"nish*ly, adv. --
Clan"nish*ness, n.
Clan"ship, n. A state of being united
togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.
Clans"man (?), n.; pl.
Clansmen (#). One belonging to the same
clan with another.
Clap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clapped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clapping.] [AS. clappan;
akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to
clap, prate, G. klaffen, v.i., to split open, yelp,
klopfen, v.t. & i., to knock.] 1.
To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a
quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to
clap one's hands; a clapping of
wings.
Then like a bird it sits and sings,
And whets and claps its silver wings.
Marvell.
2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or
abrupt manner; -- often followed by to,
into, on, or upon.
He had just time to get in and clap to the
door.
Locke
Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony.
Lamb.
3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the
hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a
performance.
To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by
joining hands. [Obs.]
Shak.
(b) To express contempt or derision.
[Obs.]
Lam. ii. 15.
To clap hold of, to seize roughly or
quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To
imprison hastily or without due formality. (b)
To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] \'bdWas
ever match clapped up so suddenly?\'b8
Shak.
Clap (?), v. i. 1. To
knock, as at a door. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To strike the hands together in applause.
Their ladies bid them clap.
Shak.
3. To come together suddenly with noise.
The doors around me clapped.
Dryden.
4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with
to or into. [Obs.]
\'bdShall we clap into it roundly, without . . .
saying we are hoarse?\'b8
Shak.
5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clap (?), n. 1. A loud
noise made by sudden collision; a bang. \'bdGive the door
such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole
room.\'b8
Swift.
2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion.
Horrible claps of thunder.
Hakewill.
3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a
blow.
What, fifty of my followers at a clap!
Shak.
4. A striking of hands to express
approbation.
Unextrected claps or hisses.
Addison.
5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. (Falconry) The nether part of the
beak of a hawk.
Clap dish. See Clack dish, under
Clack, n. -- Clap net, a
net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.
Clap (?), n. [Cf. OF.
clapoir.] Gonorrhea.
Clap"board (?), n. 1.
A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; --
used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U.
S.]
2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clap"board, v. t. To cover with
clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a
house. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
{ Clap"bread` (?), Clap"cake`
(?) }, n. Oatmeal cake or bread
clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Clape (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A bird; the flicker.
Clap"per (?), n. 1. A
person who claps.
2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a
bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See
Illust. of Bell.
Clapper rail (Zo\'94l.), an
Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).
Clap"per, n. [F.
clapier.] A rabbit burrow.
[Obs.]
Clap"per*claw (?), v. t.
[Clap + claw.] 1.
To fight and scratch.
C. Smart.
2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to
scold.
Claps (?), v. t. Variant of
Clasp [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clap"trap` (?), n. 1.
A contrivance for clapping in theaters.
[Obs.]
2. A trick or device to gain applause;
humbug.
Clap"trap`, a. Contrived for the purpose
of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.
\'d8Claque (?), n. [F.]
A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical
exhibition.
\'d8Cla`queur" (?), n.
[F.] One of the claque employed to applaud at a
theater.
Clare (?), n. A nun of the
order of St.Clare.
Clar"ence (?), n. A close
four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the
driver.
{ Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux }
(?), n. (Her.) See
King-at-arms.
Clar"en*don (?), n. A style of
type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all
sizes.
Clare"-ob*scure" (?), n. [L.
clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F.
clair-obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.]
(Painting) See Chiaroscuro.
Clar"et (?), n. [OE.
claret, clare, clarry, OF.
claret, clar, fr. cler, F.
clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See
Clear.] The name firat given in England to
the red wines of M
Clar`i*bel"la (?), n. [NL.,
from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.]
(Mus.) A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood
pipes in an organ.
Clar"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear +
chorda string. See Chord.] A
musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; --
called also manichord and
clavichord.
Clar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. clarification, L. clarificatio
glorification.] 1. The act or process of
making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities;
as, the clarification of wine.
2. The act of freeing from obscurities.
The clarification of men's ideas.
Whewell.
Clar"i*fi`er (?), n. 1.
That which clarifies.
2. A vessel in which the process of clarification
is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar
works.
Ure.
Clar"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clarified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clarifying.] [F. clarifier,
from L. clarificare; clarus clear +
facere to make. See Clear, and
Fact.] 1. To make clear or bright by
freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of
liquids, as wine or sirup. \'bdBoiled and
clarified.\'b8
Ure.
2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to
brighten or illuminate.
To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will.
South.
3. To glorify. [Obs.]
Fadir, clarifie thi name.
Wyclif (John ii. 28).
Clar"i*fy, v. i. 1. To grow or
become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent
impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.
2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up.
Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits
and understanding do clarify and break up in the
discoursing with another.
Bacon.
Clar"i*gate (?), v. i. [L.
clarigare] To declare war with certain
ceremonies. [Obs.]
Holland.
Clar"i*net` (?), n. [F.
clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L.
clarus. See Clear, and cf.
Clarion.] (Mus.) A wind
instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone
than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading
instrument in a military band. [Often improperly called
clarionet.]
\'d8Cla*ri"no (?), n. [It. a
trumpet.] (Mus.) A reed stop in an
organ.
Clar"i*on (?), n. [OE.
clarioun, OF. clarion, F.
clairon, LL. clario, claro; so
called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See
Clear.] A kind of trumpet, whose note is
clear and shrill.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line
of battle.
E. Everett.
Clar`i*o*net" (?), n. [See
Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.)
See Clarinet.
Cla*ris"o*nus (?), a. [L.
clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]
Having a clear sound. [Obs.]
Ash.
Clar"i*tude (?), n. [L.
claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]
Clearness; splendor. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Clar"i*ty (?), n. [L.
claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F.
clart\'82.] Clearness; brightness;
splendor.
Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity,
Innumerable virgin graces row.
Beaumont.
Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro (?), n. See
Chiaroscuro.
Clar`r\'82", n. [See
Claret.] Wine with a mixture of honey and
species. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clart (?), v. t. [Cf. Armor.
kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw.
lort mud.] To daub, smear, or spread, as
with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clart"y (?), a. Sticky and
foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clar"y (?), v. i. [Cf.
Clarion.] To make a loud or shrill
noise. [Obs.]
Golding.
Cla"ry (?), n. [Cf. LL.
sclarea, scarlea, D. & G.
scharlei, F. sclar\'82e.]
(Bot.) A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the
Sage family, used in flavoring soups.
Clary water, a composition of clary flowers
with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.
Clash (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clashed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clashing.] [Of imitative origin; cf. G.
klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D.
kletsen, Dan. klaske, E.
clack.] 1. To make a noise by
striking against something; to dash noisily together.
2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary
direction; to come onto collision; to interfere.
However some of his interests might clash with
those of the chief adjacent colony.
Palfrey.
Clash, v. t. To strike noisily against
or together.
Clash n. 1. A loud noise
resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a
collision.
The roll of cannon and clash of arms.
Tennyson.
2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing
or contending interests, views, purposes, etc.
Clashes between popes and kings.
Denham.
Clash"ing*ly, adv. With clashing.
Clasp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clasped
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clasping] [OE. claspen,
clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]
1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a
clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a
clasp).
2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the
arms; to grasp; to embrace.
3. To surround and cling to; to entwine
about. \'bdClasping ivy.\'b8
Milton.
Clasp, n. 1. An adjustable
catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or
the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a
book, etc.
2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around;
a grasping, as with the hand.
Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which
folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock,
a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a
spring.
Clasp"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. \'bdThe
claspers of vines.\'b8
Derham.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of a pair
of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of
the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male
copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral
fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of
Chim\'91ra.
Clasp"ered (?), a. Furnished
with tendrils.
Class (?), n. [F.
classe, fr. L. classis class, collection,
fleet; akin to Gr. claim, haul.] 1. A
group of individuals ranked together as possessing common
characteristics; as, the different classes of
society; the educated class; the lower
classes.
2. A number of students in a school or college, of
the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.
3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate
objects, grouped together on account of their common
characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and
subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.
4. A set; a kind or description, species or
variety.
She had lost one class energies.
Macaulay.
5. (Methodist Church) One of the
sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and
which is under the supervision of a class
leader.
Class of a curve (Math.), the kind
of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be
drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second
class. -- Class meeting (Methodist
Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a
class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.
Class (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Classed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Classing.] [Cf. F. classer.
See Class, n.] 1. To
arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as,
to class words or passages.
classify is
used instead of to class.
Dana.
2. To divide into classes, as students; to form
into, or place in, a class or classes.
Class, v. i. To grouped or
classed.
The genus or famiky under which it classes.
Tatham.
Class"i*ble (?), a. Capable of
being classed.
{ Clas"sic (?), Clas"sic*al
(?), } a. [L. classicus
relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to
the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from
classis class: cf. F. classique. See
Class, n.] 1. Of or
relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or
art.
Give, as thy last memorial to the age,
One classic drama, and reform the stage.
Byron.
Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical
author on this subject [Roman weights and coins].
Arbuthnot.
2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and
Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of
the period when their best literature was produced; of or
pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans,
or rendered famous by their deeds.
Though throned midst Latium's classic plains.
Mrs. Hemans.
The epithet classical, as applied to ancient
authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by
the period at which they wrote.
Brande & C.
He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of
the undergraduates of his college.
Macaulay.
3. Conforming to the best authority in literature
and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical
style.
Classical, provincial, and national synods.
Macaulay.
Classicals orders. (Arch.) See
under Order.
Clas"sic, n. 1. A work of
acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; --
originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now
applied to authors and works of a like character in any
language.
In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English
classic.
Macaulay.
2. One learned in the literature of Greece and
Rome, or a student of classical literature.
Clas"sic*al*ism (?), n. 1.
A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.
2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be
the classical canons of art.
Clas"sic*al*ist, n. One who adheres to
what he thinks the classical canons of art.
Ruskin.
{ Clas`si*cal"i*ty (?),
Clas"sic*al*ness (?), } n.
The quality of being classical.
Clas"sic*al*ly, adv. 1. In a
classical manner; according to the manner of classical
authors.
2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular
order of classes or sets.
Clas"si*cism (?), n. A classic
idiom or expression; a classicalism.
C. Kingsley.
Clas"si*cist (?), n. One
learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.
Clas"si*fi`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being classified.
Clas*sif"ic (?), a.
Characterizing a class or classes; relating to
classification.
Clas`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. classification.] The act of forming into
a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes,
orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or
affinities.
Artificial classification. (Science)
See under Artifitial.
Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to classification; admitting of
classification. \'bdA classificatory system.\'b8
Earle.
Clas"si*fi`er (?), n. One who
classifies.
Clas"si*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & pp. Classified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Classifying.] [L. classis
class + To distribute into classes; to arrange
according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method
founded on common properties or characters.
Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.
\'d8Clas"sis (?), n.; pl.
Classes (#). [L. See
Class, n.] 1. A class or
order; sort; kind. [Obs.]
His opinion of that classis of men.
Clarendon.
2. (Eccl.) An ecclesiastical body or
judicat
Class"man (?), n.; pl.
Classmen(#). 1. A member
of a class; a classmate.
2. A candidate for graduation in arts who is placed
in an honor class, as opposed to a passman, who is not
classified. [Oxford, Eng.]
Class"mate` (?), n. One who is
in the same class with another, as at school or college.
Clas"tic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Pertaining to
what may be taken apart; as, clastic anatomy (of
models).
2. (Min.) Fragmental; made up of brokas, sandstone is a clastic
rock.
Clath"rate (?), a. [L.
clathri latti 1.
(Bot.) Shaped like a lattice; cancellate.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface marked
with raised lines resembling a lattice, as many shells.
Clat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clattering.] [AS. cla
a rattle, akin to D. klateren to rattle. Cf.
Clack.] 1. To make a rattling sound
by striking hard bodies together; to make a succession of abrupt,
rattling sounds.
Clattering loud with clamk.
Longfellow.
2. To talk fast and noisily; to rattle with the
tongue.
I see thou dost but clatter.
Spenser.
Clat"ter, v. t. To make a rattling noise
with.
You clatter still your brazen kettle.
Swift.
Clat"ter, n. 1. A rattling
noise, esp. that made by the collision of hard bodies; also, any
loud, abrupt sound; a repetition of abrupt sounds.
The goose let fall a golden egg
With cackle and with clatter.
Tennyson.
2. Commotion; disturbance. \'bdThose mighty feats
which made such a clatter in story.\'b8<-- sic. =
history?-->
Barrow.
<-- p. 263 -->
3. Rapid, noisy talk; babble; chatter.
\'bdHold still thy clatter.\'b8
Towneley Myst. (15 th Cent. ).
Throw by your clatter
And handle the matter.
B. Jonson
Clat"ter*er (?), n. One who
clatters.
Clat"ter*ing*ly, adv. With
clattering.
Claude" Lor*raine" glass` (?). [Its name
is supposed to be derived from the similarity of the effects it
gives to those of a picture by Claude Lorrain (often
written Lorraine).] A slightly convex
mirror, commonly of black glass, used as a toy for viewing the
reflected landscape.
Clau"dent (?), a. [L.
claudens, p. pr. of claudere to
shut.] Shutting; confining; drawing together; as,
a claudent muscle. [R.]
Jonson
Clau"di*cant (?), a. [L.
claudicans, p. pr. of claudicare to limp,
fr. claudus lame.] Limping.
[R.]
Clau`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
claudicatio.] A halting or limping.
[R.]
Tatler.
Clause (?), n. [F.
clause, LL. clausa, equiv. to L.
clausula clause, prop., close of claudere to shut, to end. See
Close.] 1. A separate portion of a
written paper, paragraph, or sentence; an article, stipulation,
or proviso, in a legal document.
The usual attestation clause to a will.
Bouvier.
2. (Gram.) A subordinate portion or a
subdivision of a sentence containing a subject and its
predicate.
Clause, n. [Obs.] See
Letters clause , under
Letter.
Claus"tral (?), a. [F., fr. LL.
claustralis, fr. L. claustrum. See
Cloister.] Cloistral.
Ayliffe
\'d8Claus"trum (?), n.; pl.
Claustra. [L., a bolt or bar.]
(Anat.) A thin lamina of gray matter in each
cerebral hemiphere of the brain of man. --
Claus"tral, a.
Clau"su*lar (?; 135), a. [From
L. clausula. See Clause, n.]
Consisting of, or having, clauses.
Smart.
Clau"sure (?; 135), n. [L.
clausura. See Closure.] The act of
shutting up or confining; confinement. [R.]
Geddes.
{ Cla"vate (?), Cla"va*ted
(?), } a. [L. clava
club.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Club-shaped;
having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the
top. [See Illust. of
Antennae.]
Clave (?), imp. of
Cleave. [Obs.]
Clav"e*cin (?), n. [F.]
The harpsichord.
Cla"vel (?), n. See
Clevis.
Clav"el*late (?), a. See
Clavate.
Clav"el*la`ted (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cineres clavelatti ashes of burnt lees or dregs of
wine, F. clavel an inferior sort of soda, E.
clavate.] (Old Chem.) Said of
potash, probably in reference to its having been obtained from
billets of wood by burning. [Obs.]
Clav"er (?), n. [Obs.]
See Clover. Holland.
Clav"er, n. Frivolous or nonsensical
talk; prattle; chattering. [Scot. & North of
Eng.]
Emmy found herself entirely at a loss in the midst of their
clavers.
Thackeray.
Clav"i*chord (?), n. [F.
clavicorde, fr. L. clavis key +
chorda string.] (Mus.) A keyed
stringed instrument, now superseded by the pianoforte. See
Clarichord.
Clav"i*cle (?), n. [F.
clavicule, fr. L. clavicula a little key,
tendril, dim. of clavis key, akin to
claudere to shut. See Close, and cf.
Clef.] (Anat.) The collar bone,
which is joined at one end to the scapula, or shoulder blade, and
at the other to the sternum, or breastbone. In man each clavicle
is shaped like the letter
Clav"i*corn (?), a. [Cf. F.
clavicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
club-shaped antenn\'91. See Antenn\'91 --
n. One of the Clavicornes.
\'d8Clav`i*cor"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL.; Fr. L. clava club + cornu
horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of beetles having
club-shaped antenn\'91.
Cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
claviculaire. See Clavicle.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the clavicle.
Cla"vi*er (? F. ?), n. [F., fr.
L. clavis key.] (Mus.) The
keyboard of an organ, pianoforte, or harmonium.
Clavier (
Clav"i*form (?), a. [L.
clava club + -form.]
(Bot.) Club-shaped; clavate.
Craig.
\'d8Clav"i*ger (?), n. [L., fr.
clavis key + gerere to carry.]
One who carries the keys of any place.
\'d8Clav"i*ger, n. [L., fr.
clava club + gerere to carry.]
One who carries a club; a club bearer.
Cla*vig"er*ous (?), a. Bearing
a club or a key.
\'d8Cla"vis (?), n.; pl. L.
Claves (#), E. Clavises
(#). [L.] A key; a glossary.
\'d8Cla"vus (?), n. [L., a
nail.] A callous growth, esp. one the foot; a
corn.
Cla"vy (?), n.; pl.
Clavies (#). [Cf. F.
claveau centerpiece of an arch.]
(Arch.) A mantelpiece.
Claw (?), n. [AS.
clawu, cl\'be, cle\'a2; akin to
D. klaauw, G. Klaue, Icel. kl\'d3, SW. &
Dan. klo, and perh. to E. clew.]
1. A sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or
bird.
2. The whole foot of an animal armed with hooked
nails; the pinchers of a lobster, crab, etc.
3. Anything resembling the claw of an animal, as
the curved and forked end of a hammer for drawing nails.
4. (Bot.) A slender appendage or
process, formed like a claw, as the base of petals of the
pink.
Gray.
Claw hammer, a hammer with one end of the
metallic head cleft for use in extracting nails, etc. --
Claw hammer coat, a dress coat of the swallowtail
pattern. [Slang] -- Claw sickness,
foot rot, a disease affecting sheep.
Claw (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clawed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Clawing.]
[AS. clawan. See Claw,
n.] 1. To pull, tear, or scratch
with, or as with, claws or nails.
2. To relieve from some uneasy sensation, as by
scratching; to tickle; hence, to flatter; to court.
[Obs.]
Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the
poor they contemn and despise.
Holland.
3. To rail at; to scold. [Obs.]
In the aforesaid preamble, the king fairly claweth the great
monasteries, wherein, saith he, religion, thanks be to God, is
right well kept and observed; though he claweth them
soon after in another acceptation.
T. Fuller
Claw me, claw thee,
stand by me and I will stand by you; -- an old proverb.
Tyndale.
To claw away, to scold or revile. \'bdThe
jade Fortune is to be clawed away for it, if you
should lose it.\'b8
L'Estrange.
To claw (one) on the back, to tickle; to express
approbation. (Obs.)
Chaucer.
-- To claw (one) on the gall, to find falt with;
to vex. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Claw, v. i. To scrape, scratch, or dig
with a claw, or with the hand as a claw.
\'bdClawing [in ash barrels] for bits of coal.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
To claw off (Naut.), to turn to
windward and beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore.
Claw"back` (?), n. A flatterer
or sycophant. [Obs.] \'bdTake heed of these
clawbacks.\'b8
Latimer.
Claw"back`, a. Flattering;
sycophantic. [Obs.]
Like a clawback parasite.
Bp. Hall.
Claw"back`, v. t. To flatter.
[Obs.]
Warner.
Clawed (?), a. Furnished with
claws.
N. Grew.
Claw"less, a. Destitute of claws.
Clay (?), n. [AS.
cl\'d6g; akin to LG. klei, D.
klei, and perh. to AS. cl\'bem clay, L.
glus, gluten glue, Gr. glue. Cf. Clog.]
1. A soft earth, which is plastuc, or may be molded
with the hands, consisting of hydrous silicate of alumunium. It
is the result of the wearing down and decomposition, in part, of
rocks containing aluminous minerals, as granite. Lime, magnesia,
oxide of iron, and other ingredients, are often present as
impurities.
2. (Poetry & Script.) Earth in general,
as representing the elementary particles of the human body;
hence, the human body as formed from such particles.
I also am formed out of the clay.
Job xxxiii. 6.
The earth is covered thick with other clay,
Which her own clay shall cover.
Byron.
Bowlder clay. See under Bowlder.
-- Brick clay, the common clay, containing some
iron, and therefore turning red when burned. -- Clay
cold, cold as clay or earth; lifeless; inanimate.
-- Clay ironstone, an ore of iron consisting of
the oxide or carbonate of iron mixed with clay or sand. --
Clay marl, a whitish, smooth, chalky clay. --
Clay mill, a mill for mixing and tempering clay; a
pug mill. -- Clay pit, a pit where clay is
dug. -- Clay slate (Min.),
argillaceous schist; argillite. -- Fatty
clays, clays having a greasy feel; they are chemical
compounds of water, silica, and aluminia, as
halloysite, bole, etc. -- Fire
clay , a variety of clay, entirely free from lime,
iron, or an alkali, and therefore infusible, and used for fire
brick. -- Porcelain clay, a very pure
variety, formed directly from the decomposition of feldspar, and
often called kaolin. -- Potter's clay,
a tolerably pure kind, free from iron.
Clay, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Claying.] 1. To cover or
manure with clay.
2. To clarify by filtering through clay, as
sugar.
Clay"-brained` (?), a.
Stupid. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clayes (?), n. pl. [F.
claie hurdle.] (Fort.) Wattles,
or hurdles, made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover
lodgments. [Obs.]
Clay"ey (?), a. Consisting of
clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay.
Clay"ish, a. Partaking of the nature of
clay, or containing particles of it.
Clay"more` (?), n. [Gael.
claidheamhmor a broadsword; Gael.
claidheamh sword + mor great, large. Cf.
Claymore.] A large two-handed sword used
formerly by the Scottish Highlanders.
\'d8Clay*to"ni*a (?), n. [Named
after Dr.John Clayton, an American botanist.]
(Bot.) An American genus of perennial herbs with
delicate blossoms; -- sometimes called spring
beauty.
Clead"ing (?), n. [Scot.,
clothing. See Cloth.]
1. A jacket or outer covering of wood, etc., to
prevent radiation of heat, as from the boiler, cylinder. etc., of
a steam engine.
2. The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam,
etc.
Clean (?), a. [Compar.
Cleaner (; superl.
Cleanest.] [OE. clene, AS.
cl; akin to OHG. chleini pure, neat,
graceful, small, G. klein small, and perh. to W.
glan clean, pure, bright; all perh. from a primitive,
meaning bright, shining. Cf.
Glair.] 1. Free from dirt or filth;
as, clean clothes.
2. Free from that which is useless or injurious;
without defects; as, clean land; clean
timber.
3. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; adroit;
dexterous; as, aclean trick; a clean leap
over a fence.
4. Free from errors and vulgarisms; as, a
clean style.
5. Free from restraint or neglect; complete;
entire.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make
clean riddance of corners of thy field.
Le
6. Free from moral defilement; sinless; pure.
Create in me a clean heart, O God.
Ps. li. 10
That I am whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven
Tennyson.
7. (Script.) Free from ceremonial
defilement.
8. Free from that which is corrupting to the
morals; pure in tone; healthy. \'bdLothair is
clean.\'b8
F. Harrison.
9. Well-proportioned; shapely; as, clean
limbs.
A clean bill of health, a certificate from the
proper authrity that a ship is free from infection. --
Clean breach. See under Breach,
n., 4. -- To make a clean breast.
See under Breast.
Clean, adv. 1. Without
limitation or remainder; quite; perfectly; wholly;
entirely. \'bdDomestic broils clean
overblown.\'b8
Shak.
\'bdClean contrary.\'b8
Milton.
All the people were passed clean over Jordan.
Josh. iii. 17.
2. Without miscarriage; not bunglingly;
dexterously. [Obs.] \'bdPope came off
clean with Homer.\'b8
Henley.
Clean (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleaned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaning.] [See Clean,
a., and cf. Cleanse.] To render
clean; to free from whatever is foul, offensive, or extraneous;
to purify; to cleanse.
To clean out, to exhaust; to empty; to get
away from (one) all his money. [Colloq.]
De Quincey.
Clean"-cut` (?), a. See
Clear-cut.
Clean"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, cleans.
Clean"ing, n. 1. The act of
making clean.
2. The afterbirth of cows, ewes, etc.
Gardner.
Clean"li*ly (?), adv. In a
cleanly manner.
Clean"-limbed` (?), a. With
well-proportioned, unblemished limbs; as, a
clean-limbed young fellow.
Dickens.
Clean"li*ness (?), n. [From
Cleanly.] State of being cleanly; neatness of
person or dress.
Cleanliness from head to heel.
Swift.
Clean"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Cleanlier (?);
superl. Cleanliest.] [From
Clean.] 1. Habitually clean; pure;
innocent. \'bdCleanly joys.\'b8
Glanvill.
Some plain but cleanly country maid.
Dryden.
Displays her cleanly platter on the board.
Goldsmith.
2. Cleansing; fitted to remove moisture; dirt,
etc. [Obs.] \'bdWith cleanly powder
dry their hair.\'b8
Prior.
3. Adroit; skillful; dexterous; artful.
[Obs.]
Through his fine handling and his cleanly play.
Spenser.
Clean"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a clean manner; neatly.
He was very cleanly dressed.
Dickens.
2. Innocently; without stain.
Shak.
3. Adroitly; dexterously.
Middleton.
Clean"ness, n. [AS.
cl. See Clean.] 1.
The state or quality of being clean.
2. Purity of life or language; freedom from
licentious courses.
Chaucer.
Cleans"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being cleansed.
Sherwood.
Cleanse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleansed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleansing.] [AS.
cl\'d6nsian, fr. cl\'d6ne clean. See
Clean.] To render clean; to free from fith,
pollution, infection, guilt, etc.; to clean.
If we walk in the light . . . the blood of Jesus Christ his
son cleanseth us from all sin.
1 John i. 7.
Can'st thou not minister to a mind diseased,
And with some sweet oblivious antidote
Cleanse the suffed bosom of that perilous stuff
Which weighs upon the heart?
Shak.
Cleans"er (?), n. [AS.
cl.] One who, or that which,
cleanses; a detergent.
Arbuthnot.
Clean"-tim`bered (?), a.
Well-propotioned; symmetrical. [Poetic]
Shak.
Clear (?), a.
[Compar. Clearer (?);
superl. Clearest.] [OE.
cler, cleer, OF. cler, F.
clair, fr.L. clarus, clear, broght, loud,
distinct, renownwd; perh. akin to L. clamare to call,
E. claim. Cf. Chanticleer,
Clairvoyant, Claret, Clarufy.]
1. Free from opaqueness; transparent; bright;
light; luminous; unclouded.
The stream is so transparent, pure, and clear.
Denham.
Fair as the moon, clear as the sun.
Canticles vi. 10.
2. Free from ambiquity or indistinctness; lucid;
perspicuous; plain; evident; manifest; indubitable.
One truth is clear; whatever is, is right.
Pop
3. Able to perceive clearly; keen; acute;
penetrating; discriminating; as, a clear intellect;
a clear head.
Mother of science! now I feel thy power
Within me clear, not only to discern
Things in their causes, but to trace the ways
Of highest agents.
Milton.
4. Not clouded with passion; serene;
cheerful.
With a countenance as clear
As friendship wears at feasts.
Shak.
5. Easily or distinctly heard; audible;
canorous.
Hark! the numbers soft and clear
Gently steal upon the ear.
Pope.
6. Without mixture; entirely pure; as,
clear sand.
7. Without defect or blemish, such as freckles or
knots; as, a clear complexion; clear
lumber.
8. Free from guilt or stain; unblemished.
Statesman, yet friend to truth! in soul sincere,
In action faithful, and in honor clear.
Pope.
9. Without diminution; in full; net; as,
clear profit.
I often wished that I had clear,
For life, six hundred pounds a-year.
Swift.
10. Free from impediment or obstruction;
unobstructed; as, a clear view; to keep
clear of debt.
My companion . . . left the way clear for him.
Addison.
11. Free from embarrassment; detention, etc.
The cruel corporal whispered in my ear,
Five pounds, if rightly tipped, would set me
clear.
Gay.
Clear breach. See under Breach,
n., 4. -- Clear days
(Law.), days reckoned from one day to another,
excluding both the first and last day; as, from Sunday to
Sunday there are six clear days. -- Clear
stuff, boards, planks, etc., free from knots.
Syn. -- Manifest; pure; unmixed; pellucid; transparent;
luminous; obvious; visible; plain; evident; apparent; distinct;
perspicuous. See Manifest.
Clear (?), n. (Carp.)
Full extent; distance between extreme limits; especially;
the distance between the nearest surfaces of two bodies, or the
space between walls; as, a room ten feet square in the
clear.
Clear, adv. 1. In a clear
manner; plainly.
Now clear I understand
What oft . . . thoughts have searched in vain.
Milton.
2. Without limitation; wholly; quite; entirely;
as, to cut a piece clear off.
Clear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cleared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clearing.] 1. To
render bright, transparent, or undimmed; to free from
clouds.
He sweeps the skies and clears the cloudy
north.
Dryden.
2. To free from impurities; to clarify; to
cleanse.
3. To free from obscurity or ambiguity; to relive
of perplexity; to make perspicuous.
Many knotty points there are
Which all discuss, but few can clear.
Prior.
4. To render more quick or acute, as the
understanding; to make perspicacious.
Our common prints would clear up their
understandings.
Addison
5. To free from impediment or incumbrance, from
defilement, or from anything injurious, useless, or offensive;
as, to clear land of trees or brushwood, or from
stones; to clear the sight or the voice; to
clear one's self from debt; -- often used with
of, off, away, or
out.
Clear your mind of cant.
Dr. Johnson.
A statue lies hid in a block of marble; and the art of the
statuary only clears away the superfluous matter.
Addison.
6. To free from the imputation of guilt; to
justify, vindicate, or acquit; -- often used with from
before the thing imputed.
I . . . am sure he will clear me from
partiality.
Dryden.
How! wouldst thou clear rebellion?
Addison.
7. To leap or pass by, or over, without touching or
fallure; as, to clear a hedge; to clear a
reef.
8. To gain without deduction; to net.
The profit which she cleared on the cargo.
Macaulay.
To clear a ship at the customhouse, to exhibit
the documents required by law, give bonds, or perform other acts
requisite, and procure a permission to sail, and such papers as
the law requires. -- To clear a ship for
action, or To clear for action
(Naut.), to remove incumbrances from the decks,
and prepare for an engagement. -- To clear the
land (Naut.), to gain such a distance from
shore as to have sea room, and be out of danger from the
land. -- To clear hawse (Naut.),
to disentangle the cables when twisted. -- To clear
up, to explain; to dispel, as doubts, cares or
fears.
Clear (?), v. i. 1. To
become free from clouds or fog; to become fair; -- often fallowed
by up, off, or away.
So foul a sky clears without a strom.
Shak.
Advise him to stay till the weather clears up.
Swift.
2. To disengage one's self frpm incumbrances,
distress, or entanglements; to become free.
[rk>
He that clears at once will relapse; for finding
himself out of straits, he will revert to the customs; but he
that cleareth by degrees induceth a habit of
frugality.
Bacon.
3. (Banking) To make exchanges of checks
and bills, and settle balances, as is done in a clearing
house.
4. To obtain a clearance; as, the steamer
cleared for Liverpool to-day.
To clear out, to go or run away; to depart.
[Colloq.]
Clear"age (?), n. The act of
reforming anything; clearance. [R.]
Clear"ance (?), n. 1.
The act of clearing; as, to make a through
clearance.
2. A certificate that a ship or vessel has been
cleared at the customhouse; permission to sail.
Every ship was subject to seizure for want of stamped
clearances.
Durke
3. Clear or net profit.
Trollope.
4. (Mach.) The distance by which one
object clears another, as the distance between the piston and
cylinder head at the end of a stroke in a steam engine, or the
least distance between the point of a cogwell tooth and the
bottom of a space between teeth of a wheel with which it
engages.
Clearance space (Steam engine), the
space inclosed in one end of the cylinder, between the valve or
valves and the piston, at the beginning of a stroke; waste room.
It includes the space caused by the piston's clearance and the
space in ports, passageways, etc. Its volume is often expressed
as a certain proportion of the volume swept by the piston in a
single stroke.
Clear"-cut` (?), a. 1.
Having a sharp, distinct outline, like that of a
cameo.
She has . . . a cold and clear-cut face.
Tennyson.
2. Concisely and distinctly expressed.
Clear"ed*ness (?), n. The
quality of being cleared.
Imputed by his friends to the clearedness, by his
foes to the searedness, of his conscience.
T. Fuller.
Clear"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clears.
Gold is a wonderful clearer of the
understanding.
Addison.
2. (Naut.) A tool of which the hemp for
lines and twines, used by sailmakers, is finished.
Clear"-head`ed (?), a. Having a
clear understanding; quick of perception; intelligent.
\'bdHe was laborious and clear-headed.\'b8
Macaulay.
-- Clear"-head`ed*ness,
n.
Clear"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of making clear.
The better clearing of this point.
South.
2. A tract of land cleared of wood for
cultivation.
A lonely clearing on the shores of Moxie Lake.
J. Burroughs.
3. A method adopted by banks and bankers for making
an exchange of checks held by each against the others, and
settling differences of accounts.
4. The gross amount of the balances adjusted in the
clearing house.
Clearing house, the establishment where the
business of clearing is carried on. See above,
3.
Clear"ly, adv. In a clear manner.
Clear"ness, n. The quality or state of
being clear.
Syn. -- Clearness, Perspicuity.
Clearness has reference to our ideas, and
springs from a distinct conception of the subject under
consideration. Perspicuity has reference to the mode
of expressing our ideas and belongs essentially to style. Hence
we speak of a writer as having clear ideas, a
clear arrangement, and perspicuous
phraseology. We do at times speak of a person's having great
clearness of style; but in such cases we are usually
thinking of the clearness of his ideas as manifested in language.
\'bdWhenever men think clearly, and are thoroughly
interested, they express themselves with perspicuity
and force.\'b8
Robertson.
Clear"-see`ing (?), a. Having a
clear physical or mental vision; having a clear
understanding.
Clear"-shin`ing (?), a. Shining
brightly.
Shak.
Clear"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing
with clearness; discerning; as, clear-sighted
reason
Clear"-sight`ed*ness, n. Acute
discernment.
Clear"starch` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clearstarched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clearstraching.] To stiffen with
starch, and then make clear by clapping with the hands; as,
to clearstarch muslin.
Clear"starch`er (?), n. One who
clearstarches.
{ Clear"sto`ry (?), Clere"sto`ry,
} n. (Arch.) The upper story of
the nave of a church, containing windows, and rising above the
aisle roofs.
Clear"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A lepidop terous insect with partially
transparent wings, of the family \'92geriad\'91, of which the
currant and peach-tree borers are examples.
Cleat (kl\'c7t), n. [OE.
clete wedge; cf.D. kloot ball, Ger.
kloss, klotz, lump. clod, MHG.
kl\'d3z lump, ball, wedge, OHG. chl\'d3z
ball, round mass.]
1. (Carp.) A strip of wood or iron
fastened on transversely to something in order to give strength,
prevent warping, hold position, etc.
2. (Naut.) A device made of wood or
metal, having two arms, around which turns may be taken with a
line or rope so as to hold securely and yet be readily released.
It is bolted by the middle to a deck or mast, etc., or it may be
lashed to a rope.
Cleat, v. t. To strengthen with a
cleat.
Cleav"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
cleaving or being divided.
Cleav"age (?), n. 1.
The act of cleaving or splitting.
2. (Crystallog.) The quality possessed
by many crystallized substances of splitting readily in one or
more definite directions, in which the cohesive attraction is a
minimum, affording more or less smooth surfaces; the direction of
the dividing plane; a fragment obtained by cleaving, as of a
diamond. See Parting.
3. (Geol.) Division into lamin\'91, like
slate, with the lamination not necessarily parallel to the plane
of deposition; -- usually produced by pressure.
Basal cleavage, cleavage parallel to the base
of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. --
Cell cleavage (Biol.), multiplication
of cells by fission. See Segmentation. --
Cubuc cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of
a cube. -- Diagonal cleavage, cleavage
parallel to ta diagonal plane. -- Egg clavage.
(Biol.) See Segmentation. --
Lateral cleavage, cleavage parallel to the lateral
planes. -- Octahedral,
Dodecahedral, or Rhombohedral,
cleavage, cleavage parallel to the faces of
an octahedron, dodecahedron, or rhombohedron. --
Prismatic cleavage, cleavage parallel to a
vertical prism.
Cleave (, v. i.
[.. Cleaved (, Clave
(, (Obs.); p. p.
Cleaved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaving.] [OE. cleovien,
clivien, cliven, AS. cleofian,
clifian; akin to OS. klib\'d3n, G.
kleben, LG. kliven, D. kleven, Dan.
kl\'91be, Sw. klibba, and also to G.
kleiben to cleve, paste, Icel. kl\'c6fa to
climb. Cf. Climb.] 1. To adhere
closely; to stick; to hold fast; to cling.
My bones cleave to my skin.
Ps. cii. 5.
The diseases of Egypt . . . shall cleave unto
thee.
Deut. xxviii. 60.
Sophistry cleaves close to and protects
Sin's rotten trunk, concealing its defects.
Cowper.
2. To unite or be united closely in interest or
affection; to adhere with strong attachment.
Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and
shall cleave unto his wife.
Gen. ii. 24.
Cleave unto the Lord your God.
Josh. xxiii. 8.
3. To fit; to be adapted; to assimilate.
[Poetic.]
New honors come upon him,
Like our strange garments, cleave not to their mold
But with the aid of use.
Shak.
Cleave (?), v. t.
[imp. Cleft (?),
Clave (, Clove (,
(Obsolescent); p. p. Cleft,
Cleaved ( or Cloven
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cleaving.] [OE. cleoven,
cleven, AS. cle\'a2fan; akin to OS.
klioban, D. klooven, G. klieben,
Icel. klj\'d4fa, Sw. klyfva, Dan.
kl\'94ve and prob. to Gr. glubere to peel. Cf. Cleft.]
1. To part or divide by force; to split or rive; to
cut.
O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart in twain.
Shak.
2. To pert or open naturally; to divide.
Every beast that parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the
cleft into two claws.
Deut. xiv. 6.
Cleave, v. i. To part; to open; to
crack; to separate; as parts of bodies; as, the ground
cleaves by frost.
The Mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst.
Zech. xiv. 4.
Cleave"land*ite (?), n. [From
Professor Parker Cleaveland.] (Min.)
A variety of albite, white and lamellar in structure.
Cleav"er (?), n. One who
cleaves, or that which cleaves; especially, a butcher's
instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints or pieces.
Cleav"ers (?), n. [From
Cleave to stick.] (Bot.) A species
of Galium (G. Aparine), having a fruit set
with hooked bristles, which adhere to whatever they come in
contact with; -- called also, goose grass,
catchweed, etc.
\'d8Cl\'82`ch\'82" (?), a. [F.
cl\'82ch\'82.] (Her.) Charged
with another bearing of the same figure, and of the color of the
field, so large that only a narrow border of the first bearing
remains visible; -- said of any heraldic bearing. Compare
Voided.
Cle"chy (?), a. See
Cl\'82ch\'82.
Cledge (?), n. [Cf.
Clay.] (Mining.) The upper stratum
of fuller's earth.
Cledg"y (?), a. Stiff,
stubborn, clayey, or tenacious; as, a cledgy
soil.
Halliwell.
Clee (?), n. A claw.
[rk>
Holland.
Clee, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
redshank.
Clef (?; 277), n. [F.
clef key, a key in music, fr. L. clavis
key. See Clavicle.] (Mus.) A
character used in musical notation to determine the position and
pitch of the scale as represented on the staff.
clefs are three in number, called the
C, F, and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or
modifications of these letters. They indicate that the letters of
absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed,
are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and
the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions
upon the staff. The C clef may have three positions.
It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in
which case it is called soprano clef, upon the third
line, in which case it called alto clef, or upon the
fourth line, in which case tenor clef. It rarely or
never is placed upon the second line, except in ancient music.
See other forms of C clef under C, 2.
Alto clef, Bass clef.
See under Alto, Bass.
Cleft (?), imp. & p. p. from
Cleave.
Cleft, a. 1. Divided; split;
partly divided or split.
2. (Bot.) Incised nearly to the midrob;
as, a cleft leaf.
Cleft, n. [OE. clift; cf. Sw.
klyft cave, den, Icel. kluft cleft, Dan.
kl\'94ft, G. kluft. See Cleave to
split and cf. 2d Clift, 1st Clough.]
1. A space or opening made by splitting; a crack; a
crevice; as, the cleft of a rock.
Is. ii. 21.
2. A piece made by splitting; as, a
cleft of wood.
3. (Far.) A disease in horses; a crack
on the band of the pastern.
Branchial clefts. See under
Branchial.
Syn. -- Crack; crevice; fissure; chink; cranny.
Cleft"-foot`ed (?), a. Having a
cloven foot.
Cleft"graft` (?), v. t. To
ingraft by cleaving the stock and inserting a scion.
Mortimer.
Cleg (?), n. [Northern Eng. &
Scot. gleg: cf. Gael. crethleag.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small breeze or horsefly.
[North of Eng. & Scot.]
Jamieson.
{ Cleis`to*gam"ic (?),
Cleis*tog"a*mous (?) } a.
[Gr.
(Bot.) Having, beside the usual flowers, other
minute, closed flowers, without petals or with minute petals; --
said of certain species of plants which possess flowers of two or
more kinds, the closed ones being so constituted as to insure
self-fertilization.
Darwin.
Clem (?), v. t. & i. [Cf.
clam to clog, or G. klemmen to pinch, Icel.
kl, E. clamp.] To starve;
to famish. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Clem"a*tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr.
(Bot.) A genus of flowering plants, of many
species, mostly climbers, having feathery styles, which greatly
enlarge in the fruit; -- called also virgin's
bower.
Clem"ence (?), n.
Clemency. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl.
Clemencies (#). [L.
clementia, fr. clemens mild, calm.]
1. Disposition to forgive and spare, as offenders;
mildness of temper; gentleness; tenderness; mercy.
Great clemency and tender zeal toward their
subjects.
Stowe.
They had applied for the royal clemency.
Macaulay.
2. Mildness or softness of the elements; as,
the clemency of the season.
Syn. -- Mildness; tenderness; indulgence; lenity; mercy;
gentleness; compassion; kindness.
Clem"ent (?), a. [L.
clemens; -entis; cf. F.
cl.] Mild in temper and disposition;
merciful; compassionate.
Shak.
-- Clem"ent*ly, adv.
Clem"ent*ine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Clement, esp. to St.Clement of Rome and the
spurious homilies attributed to him, or to Pope Clement V. and
his compilations of canon law.
Clench (?), n. & v. t. See
Clinch.
Clepe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cleped (?)
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Cleping.
Cf. Ycleped.] [AS. clepan,
cleopian, clipian, clypian, to
cry, call.] To call, or name.
[Obs.]
That other son was cleped Cambalo.
Chaucer.
Clepe, v. i. To make appeal; to cry
out. [Obs.]
Wandering in woe, and to the heavens on high
Cleping for vengeance of this treachery.
Mir. for Mag.
\'d8Clep"si*ne (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of freshwater leeches,
furnished with a proboscis. They feed upon mollusks and
worms.
Clep"sy*dra (?; 277), n. [L.
from Gr. A
water clock; a contrivance for measuring time by the graduated
flow of a liquid, as of water, through a small aperture. See
Illust. in Appendix.
<-- p. 265 -->
\'d8Clep`to*ma"ni*a (?), n.
[NL.] See Kleptomania.
Clere"sto`ry (?), n. Same as
Clearstory.
Cler"geon (?), n. [F., dim. of
clerc. See Clerk.] A chorister
boy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cler"gi*al (?), a. Learned;
erudite; clercial. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cler"gi*cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the clergy; clerical; clerkily; learned.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Cler"gy (?), n. [OE.
clergie, clergi, clerge, OF.
clergie, F. clergie (fr. clerc
clerc, fr. L. clericus priest) confused with OF.
clergi\'82, F. clerg\'82, fr. LL.
clericatus office of priest, monastic life, fr. L.
clericus priest, LL. scholar, clerc. Both the Old
French words meant clergy, in sense 1, the former having also
sense 2. See Clerk.]
1. The body of men set apart, by due ordination, to
the service of God, in the Christian church, in distinction from
the laity; in England, usually restricted to the ministers of the
Established Church.
Hooker.
2. Learning; also, a learned profession.
[Obs.]
Sophictry . . . rhetoric, and other cleargy.
Guy of Warwick.
Put their second sons to learn some clergy.
State Papers (1515).
3. The privilege or benefit of clergy.
If convicted of a clergyable felony, he is entitled equally to
his clergy after as before conviction.
Blackstone.
Benefit of clergy (Eng., Law), the
exemption of the persons of clergymen from criminal process
before a secular judge -- a privilege which was extended to all
who could read, such persons being, in the eye of the law,
clerici, or clerks. This privilege was abridged and
modified by various statutes, and finally abolished in the reign
of George IV. (1827). -- Regular clergy,
Secular clergy See Regular,
n., and Secular, a.
Cler"gy*a*ble (?), a. Entitled
to, or admitting, the benefit of clergy; as, a
clergyable felony.
Blackstone.
Cler"gy*man (?), n.; pl.
Clergymen (#). An ordained
minister; a man regularly authorized to peach the gospel, and
administer its ordinances; in England usually restricted to a
minister of the Established Church.
Cler"ic (?), n. [AS., fr. L.
clericus. See Clerk.] A clerk, a
clergyman. [R.]
Bp. Horsley.
Cler"ic (?), a. Same as
Clerical.
Cler"ic*al (?), a. [LL.
clericalis. See Clerk.]
1. Of or pertaining to the clergy; suitable for the
clergy. \'bdA clerical education.\'b8
Burke.
2. Of or relating to a clerk or copyist, or to
writing. \'bdClerical work.\'b8
E. Everett.
A clerical error, an error made in copying or
writing.
Cler"ic*al*ism (?), n. An
excessive devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order;
undue influence of the clergy; sacerdotalism.
Cler*ic"i*ty (?), n. The state
of being a clergyman.
Cler"i*sy (?), n. [LL.
clericia. See Clergy.] 1.
The literati, or well educated class.
2. The clergy, or their opinions, as opposed to the
laity.
Clerk (?; in Eng. ?; 277), n.
[Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus a
priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk,
priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. Clergy.] 1. A clergyman or
ecclesiastic. [Obs.]
All persons were styled clerks that served in the
church of Christ.
Ayliffe.
2. A man who could read; a scholar; a learned
person; a man of letters. [Obs.] \'bdEvery one
that could read . . . being accounted a clerk.\'b8
Blackstone.
He was no great clerk, but he was perfectly well
versed in the interests of Europe.
Burke.
3. A parish officer, being a layman who leads in
reading the responses of the Episcopal church service, and
otherwise assists in it. [Eng.]
Hook.
And like unlettered clerk still cry
\'bdAmen\'b8.
Shak.
4. One employed to keep records or accounts; a
scribe; an accountant; as, the clerk of a court; a
town clerk.
The clerk of the crown . . . withdrew the bill.
Strype.
clerk is synonymous with
secretary. A clerk is always an officer subordinate to
a higher officer, board, corporation, or person; whereas a
secretary may be either a subordinate or the head of an office or
department.
5. An assistant in a shop or store. [U.
S.]
Clerk"-ale` (? in Eng. , n.
A feast for the benefit of the parish clerk.
[Eng.]
T. Warton.
Clerk"less, a. Unlearned.
[Obs.]
E. Waterhouse.
Clerk"like` (?), a.
Scholarlike. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clerk"li*ness (?), n.
Scholarship. [Obs.]
Clerk"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a
clerk.
Cranmer.
Clerk"ly, adv. In a scholarly
manner. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clerk"ship, n. State, quality, or
business of a clerk.
Cler"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy; cf. F. cl\'82romancie.]
A divination by throwing dice or casting lots.
Cle*ron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. Inheritance;
heritage.
Cler"sto`ry (?), n. See
Clearstory.
Clev"er (?), a. [Origin
uncertain. Cf. OE. cliver eager, AS. clyfer
(in comp.) cloven; or clifer a claw, perh. connected
with E. cleave to divide, split, the meaning of E.
clever perh. coming from the idea of grasping, seizing
(with the mind).] 1. Possessing quickness of
intellect, skill, dexterity, talent, or adroitness; expert.
Though there were many clever men in England during
the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only two
great creative minds.
Macaulay.
Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be
clever.
C. Kingsley.
2. Showing skill or adroitness in the doer or
former; as, a clever speech; a clever
trick.
Byron.
3. Having fitness, propriety, or
suitableness.
\'bdT would sound more clever
To me and to my heirs forever.
Swift.
4. Well-shaped; handsome. \'bdThe girl was a
tight, clever wench as any was.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
5. Good-natured; obliging. [U.
S.]
Syn. -- See Smart.
Clev"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat
clever. [R.]
Clev"er*ly, adv. In a clever
manner.
Never was man so clever absurd.
C. Smart.
Clev"er*ness, n. The quality of being
clever; skill; dexterity; adroitness.
Syn. -- See Ingenuity.
Clev"is (?), n. [Cf.
Cleave to adhere, Clavel.] A piece
of metal bent in the form of an oxbow, with the two ends
perforated to receive a pin, used on the end of the tongue of a
plow, wagen, etc., to attach it to a draft chain, whiffletree,
etc.; -- called also clavel,
clevy.
{ Clew (?), Clue, }
n. [OE. clewe, clowe,
clue, AS. cleowen, cliwen,
clywe ball of thread; akin to D. kluwen,
OHG. chliwa, chliuwa, G. dim.
kleuel, kn\'84uel, and perch. to L.
gluma hull, husk, Skr. glaus sort of ball
or tumor. Perch. akin to E. claw. \'fb26. Cf.
Knawel.] 1. A ball of thread, yarn,
or cord; also, The thread itself.
Untwisting his deceitful clew.
Spenser.
2. That which guides or directs one in anything of
a doubtful or intricate nature; that which gives a hint in the
solution of a mystery.
The clew, without which it was perilous to enter
the vast and intricate maze of countinental politics, was in his
hands.
Macaulay.
3. (Naut.) (a.) A lower corner
of a square sail, or the after corner of a fore-and-aft
sail. (b.) A loop and thimbles at the corner
of a sail. (c.) A combination of lines or
nettles by which a hammock is suspended.
Clew garnet (Naut.), one of the
ropes by which the clews of the courses of square-rigged vessels
are drawn up to the lower yards. -- Clew line
(Naut.), a rope by which a clew of one of the
smaller square sails, as topsail, topgallant sail, or royal, is
run up to its yard. -- Clew-line block
(Naut.), The block through which a clew line
reeves. See Illust. of Block.
Clew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. &
vb. n. Clewing.] [Cf. D.
kluwenen. See Clew, n.]
1. To direct; to guide, as by a thread.
[Obs.]
Direct and clew me out the way to happiness.
Beau. && Fl.
2. (Naut.) To move of draw (a sail or
yard) by means of the clew garnets, clew lines, etc.; esp. to
draw up the clews of a square sail to the yard.
To clew down (Naut.), to force (a
yard) down by hauling on the clew lines. -- To clew
up (Naut.), to draw (a sail) up to the yard,
as for furling.
\'d8Cli`ch\'82" (?), n. [F.
clich\'82, from clicher to
stereotype.] A stereotype plate or any similar
reproduction of ornament, or lettering, in relief.
Clich\'82 casting, a mode of obtaining an
impression from a die or woodcut, or the like, by striking it
suddenly upon metal which has been fused and is just becoming
solid; also, the casting so obtained.
Click (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clicked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clicking.] [Prob. an onomatopoetic
word: cf. OF. cliquier. See Clack, and cf.
Clink, Clique.] To make a slight,
sharp noise (or a succession of such noises), as by gentle
striking; to tick.
The varnished clock that clicked behind the
door.
Goldsmith.
Click, v. t. 1. To more with
the sound of a click.
She clicked back the bolt which held the window
sash.
Thackeray.
2. To cause to make a clicking noise, as by
striking together, or against something.
[Jove] clicked all his marble thumbs.
Ben Jonson.
When merry milkmaids click the latch.
Tennyson.
Click, n. 1. A slight sharp
noise, such as is made by the cocking of a pistol.
2. A kind of articulation used by the natives of
Southern Africa, consisting in a sudden withdrawal of the end or
some other portion of the tongue from a part of the mouth with
which it is in contact, whereby a sharp, clicking sound is
produced. The sounds are four in number, and are called cerebral,
palatal, dental, and lateral clicks or clucks, the
latter being the noise ordinarily used in urging a horse
forward.
Click, v. t. [OE. kleken,
clichen. Cf. Clutch.] To
snatch. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Click, n. [Cf. 4th Click, and
OF. clique latch.] 1. A detent,
pawl, or ratchet, as that which catches the cogs of a ratchet
wheel to prevent backward motion. See Illust. of
Ratched wheel.
2. The latch of a door. [Prov.
Eng.]
Click" bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
See Elater.
Click"er (?), n. 1.
One who stands before a shop door to invite people to
buy. [Low, Eng.]
2. (Print.) One who as has charge of the
work of a companionship.
Click"et (?), n. [OF.
cliquet the latch of a door. See 5th
Click.] 1. The knocker of a
door. [Prov. Eng.]
2. A latch key. [Eng.]
Chaucer.
Click"y (?), a. Resembling a
click; abounding in clicks. \'bdTheir strange
clicky language.\'b8
The Century.
\'d8Cli*das"tes (?), n. [NL.,
prob. from Gr. (Paleon.) A genus
of exinct marine reptiles, allied to the Mosasaurus. See
Illust. in Appendix.
Cli"en*cy (?), n. State of
being a client.
Cli"ent (?), n. [L.
cliens, -emtis, for cluens, one
who hears (in relation to his protector), a client, fr. L.
cluere to be named or called; akin to Gr. \'87ry, and E. loud: cf. F.
client. See Loud.] 1.
(Rom. Antiq.) A citizen who put himself under the
protection of a man of distinction and influence, who was called
his patron.
2. A dependent; one under the protection of
another.
I do think they are your friends and clients,
And fearful to disturb you.
B. Jonson.
3. (Law) One who consults a legal
adviser, or submits his cause to his management.
Cli"ent*age (?), n. 1.
State of being client.
2. A body of clients.
E. Everett.
Cli*en"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a client.
A dependent and cliental relation.
Burke.
I sat down in the cliental chair.
Dickens.
Cli"ent*ed (?), a. Supplied
with clients. [R.]
The least cliented pettifiggers.
R. Carew.
Cli*en"te*lage (?), n. See
Clientele, n., 2.
Cli`en*tele" (? or ?), n. [L.
clientela: cf. F. client\'8ale.]
1. The condition or position of a client;
clientship. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. The clients or dependents of a nobleman of
patron.
3. The persons who make habitual use of the
services of another person; one's clients, collectively; as,
the clientele of a lawyer, doctor, notary,
etc.
Cli"ent*ship (?), n. Condition
of a client; state of being under the protection of a
patron.
Dryden.
Cliff (?), n. [AS.
clif, cloef; akin to OS. klif,
D. klif, klip, Icel. klif, Dan.
& G. klippe, Sw. klippa; perh. orig. a
climbing place. See Climb.] A high,
steep rock; a precipice.
Cliff swallow (Zo\'94l.), a North
American swallow (Petrochelidon lunifrons), which
builds its nest against cliffs; the eaves
swallow.
Cliff, n. (Mus.) See
Clef. [Obs.]
Cliff" lime"stone` (?). (Geol.)
A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west,
presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed
to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and
partly Devonian.
Cliff"y (?), a. Having cliffs;
broken; craggy.
Clift (?), n. [See 1st
Cliff, n.] A cliff.
[Obs.]
That gainst the craggy clifts did loudly roar.
Spenser.
Clift, n. [See Cleft,
n.] 1. A cleft of crack; a narrow
opening. [Obs.]
2. The fork of the legs; the crotch.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clift"ed, a. [From Clift a
cleft.] Broken; fissured.
Climb the Andeclifted side.
Grainger.
Cli*mac"ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. climact\'8are. See Climax.] See
Climacteric, n.
Cli*mac"ter*ic (? , a.
[L. climactericus, Gr. Climacter.] Relating to a climacteric;
critical.
Cli*mac"ter*ic, n. 1. A period
in human life in which some great change is supposed to take
place in the constitution. The critical periods are thought by
some to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd
numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9; to which others add the 81st year.
2. Any critical period.
It is your lot, as it was mine, to live during one of the
grand climacterics of the world.
Southey.
Grand Great
climacteric, the sixty-third year of human
life.
I should hardly yield my rigid fibers to be regenerated by
them; nor begin, in my grand climacteric, to squall in
their new accents, or to stammer, in my second cradle, the
elemental sounds of their barbarous metaphysics.
Burke.
Clim`ac*ter"ic*al (?), a. & n.
See Climacteric.
Evelyn.
Cli"ma*tal (?), a.
Climatic.
Dunglison.
Cli`ma*tar"chic (?), a.
[Climate + Gr. Presiding
over, or regulating, climates.
Cli"mate (?), n. [F.
climat, L. clima, -atis, fr. Gr.
lean, v. i. See
Lean, v. i., and cf. Clime.]
1. (Anc. Geog.) One of thirty regions or
zones, parallel to the equator, into which the surface of the
earth from the equator to the pole was divided, according to the
successive increase of the length of the midsummer day.
2. The condition of a place in relation to various
phenomena of the atmosphere, as temperature, moisture, etc.,
especially as they affect animal or vegetable life.
Cli"mate, v. i. To dwell.
[Poetic] Shak.
Cli*mat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a climate; depending on, or limited by, a
climate.
Cli*mat"ic*al (?), a.
Climatic.
Cli"ma*tize (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Climatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Climatizing.] To acclimate or become
acclimated.
Cli`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Climate + -graphy.] A
description of climates.
Cli`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or who studies, climatology.
Cli`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Climate + -logy: cf. F.
climatologie.] The science which treats of
climates and investigates their phenomena and causes.
Brande & C.
Cli"ma*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
F. climature.] A climate.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cli"max (?), n. [L., from Gr.
Ladder, Lean, v. i.]
1. Upward movement; steady increase; gradation;
ascent.
Glanvill.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of which the parts
of a sentence or paragraph are so arranged that each sicceeding
one rise
\'bdTribulation worketh patience, patience experience, and
experience hope\'b8 -- a happy climax.
J. D. Forbes.
3. The highest point; the greatest degree.
We must look higher for the climax of earthly
good.
I. Taylor.
To cap the climax, to surpass everything, as
in excellence or in absurdity. [Colloq.]
Climb (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Climbed
(?), Obs. or Vulgar Clomb
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Climbing.] [AS. climban;
akin to OHG. chlimban, G. & D. klimmen,
Icel. kl\'c6fa, and E. cleave to
adhere.] 1. To ascend or mount laboriously,
esp. by use of the hands and feet.
2. To ascend as if with effort; to rise to a higher
point.
Black vapors climb aloft, and cloud the day.
Dryden.
3. (Bot.) To ascend or creep upward by
twining about a support, or by attaching itself by tendrills,
rootlets, etc., to a support or upright surface.
Climb, v. t. To ascend, as by means of
the hands and feet, or laboriously or slowly; to mount.
Climb, n. The act of one who climbs;
ascent by climbing.
Warburton.
Climb"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being climbed.
Climb"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, climbs: (a) (Bot.) A
plant that climbs. (b) (Zo\'94l.)
A bird that climbs, as a woodpecker or a parrot.
Climb"er, v. i. [From Climb;
cf. Clamber.] To climb; to mount with effort;
to clamber. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Climb"ing, p. pr. & vb. n. of
Climb.
Climbing fern. See under Fern.
-- Climbing perch. (Zo\'94l.) See
Anabas, and Labyrinthici.
Clime (?), n. [L.
clima. See Climate.] A climate; a
tract or region of the earth. See Climate.
Turn we to sutvey,
Where rougher climes a nobler race display.
Goldsmith.
\'d8Cli*nan"thi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
The receptacle of the flowers in a composite plant; -- also
called clinium.
Clinch (?; 224), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinching.] [OE. clenchen,
prop. causative of clink to cause to clink, to strike;
cf. D. klinken to tinkle, rivet. See
Clink.] 1. To hold firmly; to hold
fast by grasping or embracing tightly.
\'bdClinch the pointed spear.\'b8
Dryden.
2. To set closely together; to close tightly;
as, to clinch the teeth or the first.
Swift.
3. The bend or turn over the point of (something
that has been driven trough an object), so that it will hold
fast; as, to clinch a nail.
4. To make conclusive; to confirm; to establish;
as, to clinch an argument.
South.
Clinch, v. i. To hold fast; to grasp
something firmly; to seize or grasp one another.
Clinch (?), n. 1. The
act or process of holding fast; that which serves to hold fast; a
grip; a grasp; a clamp; a holdfast; as, to get a good
clinch of an antagonist, or of a weapon; to secure
anything by a clinch.
2. A pun.
Pope.
3. (Naut.) A hitch or bend by which a
rope is made fast to the ring of an anchor, or the breeching of a
ship's gun to the ringbolts.
Clinch"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, clinches; that which holds
fast.
Pope.
2. That which ends a dispute or controversy; a
decisive argument.
Clinch"er-built (?), a. See
Clinker-built.
Cling (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clung (?),
Clong (Obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clinging.] [AS.
clingan to adhere, to wither; akin to Dan.
klynge to cluster, crowd. Cf. Clump.]
To adhere closely; to stick; to hold fast, especially by
twining round or embracing; as, the tendril of a vine
clings to its support; -- usually followed by
to or together.
And what hath life for thee
That thou shouldst cling to it thus?
Mrs. Hemans.
Cling, v. t. 1. To cause to
adhere to, especially by twining round or embraching.
[Obs.]
I clung legs as close to his side as I could.
Swift.
2. To make to dry up or wither.
[Obs.]
If thou speak'st false,
Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive,
Till famine cling thee.
Shak.
Cling, n. Adherence; attachment;
devotion. [R.]
A more tenacious cling to worldly respects.
Milton.
Cling"stone` (?), a. Having the
flesh attached closely to the stone, as in some kinds of
peaches. -- n. A fruit, as a peach,
whose flesh adheres to the stone.
Cling"y (?), a. Apt to cling;
adhesive. [R.]
Clin"ic (?), n. [See
Clinical.] 1. One confined to the
bed by sickness.
2. (Eccl.) One who receives baptism on a
sick bed. [Obs.]
Hook.
3. (Med.) A school, or a session of a
school or class, in which medicine or surgery is taught by the
examination and treatment of patients in the presence of the
pupils.
{ Clin"ic*al (?), Clin"ic
(?) }, a. [Gr. clinique. See
Lean, v. i.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a bed, especially, a sick bed.
2. Of or pertaining to a clinic, or to the study of
disease in the living subject.
<-- 3. a lesson or series of lessons taught to persons not expert
in some activity, in which the errors of the students are pointed
out, and remedial actions are suggested. (fig.) (sports), a
performance so excellent as to be considered a model for
emulation. -->
Clinical baptism, baptism administered to a
person on a sick bed. -- Clinical instruction,
instruction by means of clinics. -- Clinical
lecture (Med.), a discourse upon medical
topics illustrared by the exhibition and examination of living
patients. -- Clinical medicine,
Clinical surgery, that part of medicine or
surgery which is occupied with the investigation of disease in
the living subject.
Clin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a clinical
manner.
\'d8Cli*nique" (?), n.
[F.] (Med.) A clinic.
\'d8Clin"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.) See Clinanthium.
Clink (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clinked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clinking.] [OE. clinken;
akin to G. klingen, D. klinken, SW.
klinga, Dan. klinge; prob. of imitative
origin. Cf. Clank, Clench, Click,
v. i.] To cause to give out a slight,
sharp, tinkling, sound, as by striking metallic or other sonorous
bodies together.
And let me the canakin clink.
Shak.
Clink (?), v. i. 1. To
give out a slight, sharp, thinkling sound. \'bdThe
clinking latch.\'b8
Tennyson.
2. To rhyme. [Humorous].
Cowper.
Clink, n. A slight, sharp, tinkling
sound, made by the collision of sonorous bodies.
\'bdClink and fall of swords.\'b8
Shak.
Clin"kant (?), a. See
Clnquant.
Clink"er (?), n. [From
clink; cf. D. clinker a brick which is so
hard that it makes a sonorous sound, from clinken to
clink. Cf. Clinkstone.] 1. A mass
composed of several bricks run together by the action of the fire
in the kiln.
2. Scoria or vitrified incombustible matter, formed
in a grate or furnace where anthracite coal in used; vitrified or
burnt matter ejected from a volcano; slag.
3. A scale of oxide of iron, formed in
forging.
4. A kind of brick. See Dutch klinker,
under Dutch.
Clink"er-built (?), a.
(Naut.) Having the side planks (af a boat) so
arranged that the lower edge of each overlaps the upper edge of
the plank next below it like clapboards on a house. See
Lapstreak.
Clink"stone` (?; 110), n.
[Clink + stone; -- from its
sonorousness.] (Min.) An igneous rock of
feldspathic composition, lamellar in structure, and clinking
under the hammer. See Phonolite.
Cli`no*di*ag"o*nal (?), n. [Gr.
diagonal.]
(Crystallog.) That diagonal or lateral axis in a
monoclinic crystal which makes an oblique angle witch the
vertical axis. See Crystallization. --
a. Pertaining to, or the direction of, the
clinidiagonal.
Cli"no*dome` (?), n. [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)
See under Dome.
Cli"no*graph"ic (?), a.
[Gr. +
-graph.] Pertaining to that mode of
projection in drawing in which the rays of light are supposed to
fall obliquely on the plane of projection.
Cli"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.) Like a bed; --
applied to several processes on the inner side of the sphenoid
bone.
Cli*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Geol.) An
instrument for determining the dip of beds or strata, pr the
slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.
Dana.
Clin`o*met"ric (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or ascertained by, the clinometer.
2. Pertaining to the oblique crystalline forms, or
to solids which have oblique angles between the axes; as, the
clinometric systems.
Cli*nom"e*try (?), n.
(geol.) That art or operation of measuring the
inclination of strata.
Cli`no*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr.
pinacoid.]
(Crystallog.) The plane in crystals of the
monoclinic system which is parallel to the vertical and the
inclined lateral (clinidiagonal) axes.
Cli`no*rhom"bic (?), a. [Gr.
rhombic: cf. F.
clinorhombique.] (Crystallog.)
Possessing the qualities of a prism, obliquely inclined to a
rhombic base; monoclinic.
Clin"quant (?), a. [F.]
Glittering; dressed in, or overlaid with, tinsel
finery. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clin"quant, n. Tinse;l; Dutch
gold.
Cli"o (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Class. Myth.) The Muse who presided over
history.
Cli*o"ne (?), n. A genus of
naked pteropods. One species (Clione papilonacea),
abundant in the Arctic Ocean, constitutes a part of the food of
the Greenland whale. It is sometimes incorrectly called
Clio.
Clip (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clipped
(; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clipping.] [OE. cluppen,
clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to embrace,
clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel,
kl\'dfpa to pinch, squeeze, also OE.
clippen to cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip,
cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.] 1. To
embrace, hence; to encompass.
O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee
about,
Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.
Shak.
2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as,
to clip the hair; to clip coin.
Sentenced to have his ears clipped.
Macaulay.
3. To curtail; to cut short.
All my reports go with the modest truth;
No more nor clipped, but so.
Shak.
In London they clip their words after one manner
about the court, another in the city, and a third in the
suburbs.
Swift.
Clip (?), v. i. To move
swiftly; -- usually with indefinite it.
Straight flies as chek, and clips it down the
wind.
Dryden.
Clip, n. 1. An embrace.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. A cutting; a shearing.
3. The product of a single shearing of sheep; a
season's crop of wool.
4. A clasp or holder for letters, papers,
etc.
5. An embracing strap for holding parts together;
the iron strap, with loop, at the ends of a whiffletree.
Knight.
6. (Far.) A projecting flange on the
upper edge of a horseshoe, turned up so as to embrace the lower
part of the hoof; -- called also toe clip and
beak.
Youatt.
7. A blow or stroke with the hand; as, he hit
him a clip. [Colloq. U. S.]
Clip"per (?), n. 1.
One who clips; specifically, one who clips off the edges of
coin.
<-- sic. coin here is in the plural. -->
The value is pared off from it into the clipper's
pocket.
Locke.
2. A machine for clipping hair, esp. the hair of
horses.
3. (Naut.) A vessel with a sharp bow,
built and rigged for fast sailing. --
Clip"per-built` (,
a.
Clip"ping (?), n. 1.
The act of embracing. [Obs.]
2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or
diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins.
clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man
who receives clipped money.
Locke.
3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a
piece separated by clipping; as, newspaper
clippings.
\'d8Clique (?), n. [F., fr. OF.
cliquer to click. See Click, v.
i.] A narrow circle of persons associated by
common interests or for the accomplishment of a common purpose;
-- generally used in a bad sense.
Clique, v. i. To To associate together
in a clannish way; to act with others secretly to gain a desired
end; to plot; -- used with together.
Cli"quish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a clique; disposed to from cliques; exclusive in
spirit.
-- Cli"*quish*ness, n.
Cli"quism (?), n. The tendency
to associate in cliques; the spirit of cliques.
\'d8Cli*tel"lus (?), n. [NL.,
prob. fr. L. clitellae a packsadle.]
(Zo\'94l.) A thickened glandular portion of the
body of the adult earthworm, consisting of several united
segments modified for reproductive purposes.
\'d8Cli"to*ris (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr. labia pudendi.] (Anat.) A
small organ at the upper part of the vulva, homologous to the
penis in the male.
Cliv"ers (? , n. See
Cleavers.
Cliv"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Clivities (#). [L.
clivus hill.] Inclination; ascent or
descent; a gradient. [R.]
\'d8Clo"a"ca (?), n.; pl.
Cloac\'91 (#). [L.]
1. A sewer; as, the Cloaca Maxima of
Rome.
2. A privy.
3. (Anat.) The common chamber into which
the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge in
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes.
Clo*a"cal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cloaca.
Cloak (?; 110), n. [Of.
cloque cloak (from the bell-like shape), bell, F.
cloche bell; perh. of Celtik origin and the same word
as E. clock. See 1st Clock.]
1. A loose outer garment, extending from the neck
downwards, and commonly without sleeves. It is longer than a
cape, and is worn both by men and by women.
2. That which conceals; a disguise or pretext; an
excuse; a fair pretense; a mask; a cover.
No man is esteemed any ways considerable for policy who wears
religion otherwise than as a cloak.
South.
Cloak bag, a bag in which a cloak or other
clothes are carried; a portmanteau.
Shak.
Cloak, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cloaked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cloaking.] To cover with, or
as with, a cloak; hence, to hide or conceal.
Now glooming sadly, so to cloak her matter.
Spenser.
Syn. -- See Palliate.
Cloak"ed*ly, adv. In a concealed
manner.
Cloak"ing, n. 1. The act of
covering with a cloak; the act of concealing anything.
To take heed of their dissembings and
cloakings.
Strype.
2. The material of which of which cloaks are
made.
Cloak"room` (?), n. A room,
attached to any place of public resort, where cloaks, overcoats,
etc., may be deposited for a time.
Clock (?), n. [AS.
clucge bell; akin to D. klok clock, bell,
G. glocke, Dan. klokke, Sw.
klocka, Icel. klukka bell, LL.
clocca, cloca (whence F.
cloche); al perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
clog bell, clock, W. cloch bell. Cf.
Cloak.] 1. A machine for measuring
time, indicating the hour and other divisions by means of hands
moving on a dial plate. Its works are moved by a weight or a
spring, and it is often so constructed as to tell the hour by the
stroke of a hammer on a bell. It is not adapted, like the watch,
to be carried on the person.
2. A watcg, esp. one that strikes.
[Obs.]
Walton.
3. The striking of a clock.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
4. A figure or figured work on the ankle or side of
a stocking.
Swift.
what o'clock? it is nine
o'clock, etc., are contracted from what of the
clock? it is nine of the clock, etc.
Alarm clock. See under Alarm. --
Astronomical clock. (a) A clock of
superior construction, with a compensating pendulum, etc., to
measure time with great accuracy, for use in astronomical
observatories; -- called a regulator when used by
watchmakers as a standard for regulating timepieces.
(b) A clock with mechanism for indicating certain
astronomical phenomena, as the phases of the moon, position of
the sun in the ecliptic, equation of time, etc. --
Electric clock. (a) A clock moved or
regulated by electricity or electro-magnetism. (b)
A clock connected with an electro-magnetic recording
apparatus. -- Ship's clock (Naut.),
a clock arranged to strike from one to eight strokes, at half
hourly intervals, marking the divisions of the ship's
watches. -- Sidereal clock, an astronomical
clock regulated to keep sidereal time.
Clock (?), v. t. To ornament
with figured work, as the side of a stocking.
Clock, v. t. & i. To call, as a hen. See
Cluck. [R.]
Clock, n. (Zo\'94l.) A large
beetle, esp. the European dung beetle (Scarab\'91us
stercorarius).
Clock"like` (?), a. Like a
clock or like clockwork; mechanical.
Their services are clocklike, to be set
Blackward and vorward at their lord's command.
B. Jonson.
Clock"work` (?), n. The
machinery of a clock, or machinary resembling that of a clock;
machinery which produced regularity of movement.
Clod (?), n. [OE.
clodde, latter form of clot. See
Clot.] 1. A lump or mass, especially
of earth, turf, or clay. \'bdClods of a slimy
substance.\'b8 Carew. \'bdClods of iron and
brass.\'b8 Milton. \'bdClods of
blood.\'b8 E. Fairfax.
The earth that casteth up from the plow a great
clod, is not so good as that which casteth up a
smaller clod.
Bacon.
2. The ground; the earth; a spot of earth or
turf.
The clod
Where once their sultan's horse has trod.
Swift.
3. That which is earthy and of little relative
value, as the body of man in comparison with the soul.
This cold clod of clay which we carry about with
us.
T. Burnet.
4. A dull, gross, stupid fellow; a dolt
Dryden.
5. A pert of the shoulder of a beef creature, or of
the neck piece near the shoulder. See Illust. of
Beef.
Clod (?), v.i To collect into
clods, or into a thick mass; to coagulate; to clot; as,
clodded gore. See Clot.
Clodded in lumps of clay.
G. Fletcher.
Clod, v. t. 1. To pelt with
clods.
Jonson.
2. To throw violently; to hurl.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Clod"dish (?), a. Resembling
clods; gross; low; stupid; boorish.
Hawthorne.
-- Clod"dish*ness, n.
Clod"dy (?), a. Consisting of
clods; full of clods.
Clod"hop`per (?), n. A rude,
rustic fellow.
Clod"hop`ping, a. Boorish; rude.
C. Bront\'82.
Clod"pate` (?), n. A blockhead;
a dolt.
Clod"pat`ed (?), a. Stupid;
dull; doltish.
Clod"poll` (?), n.
[Clod + poll head.] A
stupid fellow; a dolt. [Written also
clodpole.]
Shak.
Cloff (?; 115), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Formerly an allowance of two pounds in
every three hundred weight after the tare and tret are
subtracted; now used only in a general sense, of small deductions
from the original weight. [Written also
clough.]
McCulloch.
Clog (?), n. [OE.
clogge clog, Scot. clag, n., a
clot, v., to to obstruct, cover with mud or anything
adhesive; prob. of the same origin as E. clay.]
1. That which hinders or impedes motion; hence, an
encumbrance, restraint, or impediment, of any kind.
All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions
of England are so many clogs to check and retard the
headlong course of violence and opression.
Burke.
2. A weight, as a log or block of wood, attached to
a man or an animal to hinder motion.
As a dog . . . but chance breaks loose,
And quits his clog.
Hudibras.
A clog of lead was round my feet.
Tennyson.
3. A shoe, or sandal, intended to protect the feet
from wet, or to increase the apparent stature, and having,
therefore, a very thick sole. Cf. Chopine.
In France the peasantry goes barefoot; and the middle sort . .
. makes use of wooden clogs.
Harvey.
Clog almanac, a primitive kind of almanac or
calendar, formerly used in England, made by cutting notches and
figures on the four edges of a clog, or square piece of wood,
brass, or bone; -- called also a Runic staff,
from the Runic characters used in the numerical notation. --
Clog dance, a dance performed by a person wearing
clogs, or thick-soled shoes. -- Clog
dancer.
Clog, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clogged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clogging.] 1. To
encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion;
to hamper.
The winds of birds were clogged with ace and
snow.
Dryden.
2. To obstruct so as to hinder motion in or
through; to choke up; as, to clog a tube or a
channel.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to
perplex.
The commodities are clogged with impositions.
Addison.
You 'll rue the time
That clogs me with this answer.
Shak.
Syn. -- Impede; hinder; obstruct; embarrass; burden;
restrain; restrict.
Clog, v. i. 1. To become
clogged; to become loaded or encumbered, as with extraneous
matter.
In working through the bone, the teeth of the saw will begin
to clog.
S. Sharp.
2. To coalesce or adhere; to unite in a mass.
Move it sometimes with a broom, that the seeds clog
not together.
Evelyn.
Clog"gi*ness (?), n. The state
of being clogged.
Clog"ging, n. Anything which
clogs.
Dr. H. More.
Clog"gy (?), a. Clogging, or
having power to clog.
\'d8Cloi`son*n\'82 (?), a. [F.,
partitioned, fr. cloison a partition.]
Inlaid between partitions: -- said of enamel when the lines
which divide the different patches of fields are composed of a
kind of metal wire secured to the ground; as distinguished from
champlev\'82 enamel, in which the ground is engraved
or scooped out to receive the enamel.
S. Wells Williams.
Clois"ter (?), n. [OF.
cloistre, F. clo\'8ctre, L.
claustrum, pl. claustra, bar, bolt, bounds,
fr. claudere, clausum, to close. See
Close, v. t., and cf.
Claustral.]
1. An inclosed place. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A covered passage or ambulatory on one side of a
court; (pl.) the series of such passages on the
different sides of any court, esp. that of a monastery or a
college.
But let my due feet never fail
To walk the studious cloister's pale.
Milton.
3. A monastic establishment; a place for retirement
from the world for religious duties.
Fitter for a cloister than a crown.
Daniel.
Cloister garth (Arch.), the garden
or open part of a court inclosed by the cloisters.
Syn. -- Cloister, Monastery,
Nunnery, Convent, Abbey,
Priory. Cloister and
convent are generic terms, and denote a place of
seclusion from the world for persons who devote their lives to
religious purposes. They differ is that the distinctive idea of
cloister is that of seclusion from the world, that of
convent, community of living. Both terms denote houses
for recluses of either sex. A cloister or
convent for monks is called a
monastery; for nuns, a nunnery.
An abbey is a convent or monastic institution governed
by an abbot or an abbess; a priory is one governed by
a prior or a prioress, and is usually affiliated to an
abbey.
Clois"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cloistered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cloistering.] To confine in, or as in,
a cloister; to seclude from the world; to immure.
None among them are throught worthy to be styled religious
persons but those that cloister themselves up in a
monastery.
Sharp.
Clois"ter*al (?), a.
Cloistral. [Obs.]
I. Walton.
Clois"tered (?), a. 1.
Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.
\'bdCloistered friars and vestal nuns.\'b8
Hudibras.
In cloistered state let selfish sages dwell,
Proud that their heart is narrow as their cell.
Shenstone.
2. Furnished with cloisters.
Sir H. Wotton.
Clois"ter*er (?), n. [Cf. OF.
cloistier.] One belonging to, or living in,
a cloister; a recluse.
Clois"tral (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
[Written also cloisteral.]
Best become a cloistral exercise.
Daniel.
Clois"tress (?), n. A
nun. [R.]
Shak.
Cloke (?), n. & v. See
Cloak. [Obs.]
{ Clomb (?), Clomb"en
(?), } imp. & p. p. of
Climb (for climbed).
[Obs.]
The sonne, he sayde, is clomben up on hevene.
Chaucer.
Clomp (?), n. See
Clamp.
Clong (?), imp. of
Cling. [Obs.]
Clon"ic (?), a. [Gr. clonique.]
(Med.) Having an irregular, convulsive
motion.
Dunglison.
Clonic spasm. (Med.) See under
Spasm.
Cloom (?), v. t. [A variant of
clam to clog.] To close with glutinous
matter. [Obs.]
Mortimer.
Cloop (?), n. [An
onomatop\'d2ia.] The sound made when a cork is
forcibly drawn from a bottle. \'bdThe cloop of a
cork wrenched from a bottle.\'b8
Thackeray.
Close (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Closed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Closing.]
[From OF. & F. clos, p. p. of clore to
close, fr. L. claudere; akin to G.
schliessen to shut, and to E. clot,
cloister, clavicle, conclude,
sluice. Cf. Clause, n.]
1. To stop, or fill up, as an opening; to shut;
as, to close the eyes; to close a
door.
2. To bring together the parts of; to consolidate;
as, to close the ranks of an army; -- often used
with up.
3. To bring to an end or period; to conclude; to
complete; to finish; to end; to consummate; as, to
close a bargain; to close a course of
instruction.
One frugal supper did our studies close.
Dryden.
4. To come or gather around; to inclose; to
encompass; to confine.
The depth closed me round about.
Jonah ii. 5.
But now thou dost thyself immure and close
In some one corner of a feeble heart.
Herbert.
A closed sea, a sea within the jurisdiction of
some particular nation, which controls its navigation.
Close, v. i. 1. To come
together; to unite or coalesce, as the parts of a wound, or parts
separated.
What deep wounds ever closed without a scar?
Byron.
2. To end, terminate, or come to a period; as,
the debate closed at six o'clock.
3. To grapple; to engange in hand-to-hand
fight.
They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.
Prescott.
To close on or
upon, to come to a mutual agreement; to
agree on or join in. \'bdWould induce France and Holland to
close upon some measures between them to our
disadvantage.\'b8 Sir W. Temple. -- To close
with. (a) To accede to; to consent or agree
to; as, to close with the terms proposed.
(b) To make an agreement with. -- To close
with the land (Naut.), to approach the
land.
Close (?), n. 1. The
manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
[Obs.]
The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.
Chapman.
2. Conclusion; cessation; ending; end.
His long and troubled life was drawing to a
close.
Macaulay.
3. A grapple in wrestling.
Bacon.
4. (Mus.) (a) The conclusion of
a strain of music; cadence. (b) A double bar
marking the end.
At every close she made, the attending throng
Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Conclusion; termination; cessation; end; ending;
extremity; extreme.
Close (? , n. [OF. & F.
clos an inclosure, fr. clos, p. p. of
clore. See Close, v. t.]
1. An inclosed place; especially, a small field or
piece of land surrounded by a wall, hedge, or fence of any kind;
-- specifically, the precinct of a cathedral or abbey.
Closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans
and canons.
Macaulay.
2. A narrow passage leading from a street to a
court, and the houses within. [Eng.]
Halliwell
3. (Law) The interest which one may have
in a piece of ground, even though it is not inclosed.
Bouvier.
Close (?), a.
[Compar. Closer (?);
superl. Closest.] [Of. & F.
clos, p. p. of clore. See Close,
v. t.] 1. Shut fast; closed;
tight; as, a close box.
From a close bower this dainty music flowed.
Dryden.
2. Narrow; confined; as, a close
alley; close quarters. \'bdA close
prison.\'b8
Dickens.
3. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation;
causing a feeling of lassitude; -- said of the air, weather,
etc.
If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of windows and doors, the
one maketh the air close, . . . and the other maketh
it exceeding unequal.
Bacon.
4. Strictly confined; carefully quarded; as, a
close prisoner.
5. Out of the way observation; secluded; secret;
hidden. \'bdHe yet kept himself close because of
Saul.\'b8
1 Chron. xii. 1
\'bdHer close intent.\'b8
Spenser.
6. Disposed to keep secrets; secretive;
reticent. \'bdFor servecy, no lady closer.\'b8
Shak.
7. Having the parts near each other; dense; solid;
compact; as applied to bodies; viscous; tenacious; not volatile,
as applied to liquids.
The golden globe being put into a press, . . . the water made
itself way through the pores of that very close
metal.
Locke.
8. Concise; to the point; as, close
reasoning. \'bdWhere the original is close
no version can reach it in the same compass.\'b8
Dryden.
9. Adjoining; near; either in space; time, or
thought; -- often followed by to.
Plant the spring crocuses close to a wall.
Mortimer.
The thought of the Man of sorrows seemed a very
close thing -- not a faint hearsay.
G. Eliot.
10. Short; as, to cut grass or hair
close.
11. Intimate; familiar; confidential.
League with you I seek
And mutual amity, so strait, so close,
That I with you must dwell, or you with me.
Milton.
12. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; as, a
close vote. \'bdA close
contest.\'b8
Prescott.
13. Difficult to obtain; as, money is
close.
Bartlett.
14. Parsimonious; stingy. \'bdA crusty old
fellow, as close as a vise.\'b8
Hawthorne.
15. Adhering strictly to a standard or original;
exact; strict; as, a close translation.
Locke.
16. Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive;
undeviating; strict; not wandering; as, a close
observer.
17. (Phon.) Uttered with a relatively
contracted opening of the mouth, as certain sounds of
e and o in French, Italian, and German; --
opposed to open.
Close borough. See under
Borough. -- Close breeding. See
under Breeding. -- Close communion,
communion in the Lord's supper, restricted to those who have
received baptism by immersion. -- Close
corporation, a body or corporation which fills its own
vacancies. -- Close fertilization.
(Bot.) See Fertilization. --
Close harmony (Mus.), compact harmony,
in which the tones composing each chord are not widely
distributed over several octaves. -- Close time,
a fixed period during which killing game or catching certain
fish is prohibited by law. -- Close vowel
(Pron.), a vowel which is pronounced with a
diminished aperture of the lips, or with contraction of the
cavity of the mouth. -- Close to the wind
(Naut.), directed as nearly to the point from
which the wind blows as it is possible to sail; closehauled; --
said of a vessel.
Close (?), adv. 1. In
a close manner.
2. Secretly; darkly. [Obs.]
A wondrous vision which did close imply
The course of all her fortune and posterity.
Spenser.
Close"-band`ed (?), a. Closely
united.
Close"-barred` (?), a. Firmly
barred or closed.
Close"-bod`ied (?), a. Fitting
the body exactly; setting close, as a garment.
Ayliffe.
Close"-fights` (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Barriers with loopholes, formerly erected
on the deck of a vessel to shelter the men in a close engagement
with an enemy's boarders; -- called also close
quarters. [Obs.]
Close"fist`ed (?), a. Covetous;
niggardly.
Bp. Berkeley.
\'bdClosefisted contractors.\'b8
Hawthorne.
Close"hand`ed (?), a. Covetous;
penurious; stingy; closefisted. --
Close"hand`ed*ness, n.
Close"hauled` (?), a.
(Naut.) Under way and moving as nearly as
possible toward the direction from which the wind blows; -- said
of a sailing vessel.
Close"ly, adv. 1. In a close
manner.
2. Secretly; privately. [Obs.]
That nought she did but wayle, and often steepe
Her dainty couch with tears which
closely she did weepe.
Spenser.
Close"mouthed` (?), a. Cautious
in speaking; secret; wary; uncommunicative.
Clos"en (?), v. t. To make
close. [R.]
Close"ness, n. The state of being
close.
Half stifled by the closeness of the room.
Swift.
We rise not against the piercing judgment of Augustus, nor the
extreme caution or closeness of Tiberius.
Bacon.
An affectation of closeness and covetousness.
Addison.
Syn. -- Narrowness; oppressiveness; strictness; secrecy;
compactness; conciseness; nearness; intimacy; tightness;
stinginess; literalness.
Clos"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See
under Boot.
2. A finisher; that which finishes or
terminates.
3. (Masonry) The last stone in a
horizontal course, if of a less size than the others, or a piece
of brick finishing a course.
Gwilt.
Close"reefed` (?), a.
(Naut.) Having all the reefs taken in; -- said of
a sail.
Close"-stool` (?), n. A utensil
to hold a chamber vessel, for the use of the sick and infirm. It
is usually in the form of a box, with a seat and tight
cover.
Clos"et (?), n. [OF.
closet little inclosure, dim. of clos. See
Close an inclosure.] 1. A small room
or apartment for retirement; a room for privacy.
A chair-lumbered closet, just twelve feet by
nine.
Goldsmith.
When thou prayest, enter into thy closet.
Matt. vi. 6.
2. A small apartment, or recess in the side of a
room, for household utensils, clothing, etc.
Dryden.
Closet sin, sin commited in privacy.
Bp. Hall.
Clos"et, v. t. [imp. & p. pr.
& vb. n. Closeting.] 1.
To shut up in, or as in, a closet; to conceal.
[R.]
Bedlam's closeted and handcuffed charge.
Cowper.
2. To make into a closet for a secret
interview.
He was to call a new legislature, to closet its
members.
Bancroft.
He had been closeted with De Quadra.
Froude.
Close"-tongued` (, a.
Closemouthed; silent. \'bdClose-tongued
treason.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 268 -->
Closh (?), n. [CF. F.
clocher to limp, halt.] A disease in the
feet of cattle; laminitis.
Crabb.
Closh, n. [CF. D. klossen to
play at bowls.] The game of ninepins.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Clo"sure (?, 135), n. [Of.
closure, L. clausura, fr. clauedere to
shut. See Close, v. t.] 1.
The act of shutting; a closing; as, the closure
of a chink.
2. That which closes or shuts; that by which
separate parts are fastened or closed.
Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever.
Pope.
3. That which incloses or confines; an
inclosure.
O thou bloody prison . . .
Within the guilty closure of thy walls
Richard the Second here was hacked to death.
Shak.
4. A conclusion; an end. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Parliamentary Practice) A method of
putting an end to debate and securing an immediate vote upon a
measure before a legislative body. It is similar in effect to
the previous question. It was first introduced into
the British House of Commons in 1882. The French word
cl\'93ture was originally applied to this
proceeding.
Clot (?), n. [OE.
clot, clodde, clod; akin to D.
kloot ball, G. kloss clod, dumpling,
klotz block, Dan. klods, Sw.
klot bowl, globe, klots block; cf. AS.
cl\'bete bur. Cf. Clod, n.,
Clutter to clot.] A concretion or
coagulation; esp. a soft, slimy, coagulated mass, as of blood; a
coagulum. \'bdClots of pory gore.\'b8
Addison.
Doth bake the egg into clots as if it began to
poach.
Bacon.
Clod and clot appear to be
radically the same word, and are so used by early writers; but in
present use clod is applied to a mass of earth or the
like, and clot to a concretion or coagulation of soft
matter.
Clot, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clotting.] To concrete, coagulate, or
thicken, as soft or fluid matter by evaporation; to become a cot
or clod.
Clot, v. t. To form into a slimy
mass.
Clot"bur` (?), n. [Cf.
Clote.] 1. The burdock.
[Prov. Engl.]
Prior.
2. Same as Cocklebur.
Clote (?), n. [AS.
cl: cf. G. klette.] The
common burdock; the clotbur. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Cloth (?; 115), n.; pl.
Cloths (#; 115), except in the sense of
garments, when it is Clothes (kl\'d3thz [OE. clath cloth, AS.
cl\'be\'ed cloth, garment; akin to D.
kleed, Icel. kl\'91\'ebi, Dan.
kl\'91de, cloth, Sw. kl\'84de, G.
kleid garment, dress.] 1. A fabric
made of fibrous material (or sometimes of wire, as in wire
cloth); commonly, a woven fabric of cotton, woolen, or linen,
adapted to be made into garments; specifically, woolen fabrics,
as distinguished from all others.
2. The dress; raiment. [Obs.] See
Clothes.
I'll ne'er distust my God for cloth and bread.
Quarles.
3. The distinctive dress of any profession,
especially of the clergy; hence, the clerical profession.
Appeals were made to the priesthood. Would they tamely permit
so gross an insult to be offered to their cloth?
Macaulay.
The cloth, the clergy, are constituted for
administering and for giving the best possible effect to . . .
every axiom.
I. Taylor.
Body cloth. See under Body. --
Cloth of gold, a fabric woven wholly or partially
of threads of gold. -- Cloth measure, the
measure of length and surface by which cloth is measured and
sold. For this object the standard yard is usually divided into
quarters and nails. -- Cloth paper, a coarse
kind of paper used in pressing and finishing woolen cloth.
-- Cloth shearer, one who shears cloth and frees
it from superfluous nap.
Clothe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clothed
( Clad (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clothing.] [OE.
clathen, clothen, clethen, AS.
cl\'be\'ebian, cl\'91\'eban. See
Cloth.] 1. To put garments on; to
cover with clothing; to dress.
Go with me, to clothe you as becomes you.
Shak.
2. To provide with clothes; as, to feed and
clothe a family; to clothe one's self
extravagantly.
Drowsiness shall clothe a man with rags.
Prov. xxiii. 21
The naked every day he clad,
When he put on his clothes.
Goldsmith.
3. Fig.: To cover or invest, as with a garment;
as, to clothe one with authority or
power.
Language in which they can clothe their
thoughts.
Watts.
His sides are clothed with waving wood.
J. Dyer.
Thus Belial, with with words clothed in reason's
garb.
Milton.
Clothe (?), v. i. To wear
clothes. [Poetic]
Care no more to clothe eat.
Shak.
Clothes (? , n. pl.
[From Cloth.] 1. Covering for
the human body; dress; vestments; vesture; -- a general term for
whatever covering is worn, or is made to be worn, for decency or
comfort.
She . . . speaks well, and has excellent good
clothes.
Shak.
If I may touch but his clothes, I shall be
whole.
Mark. v. 28.
2. The covering of a bed; bedclothes.
She turned each way her frighted head,
Then sunk it deep beneath the clothes.
Prior.
Body clothes. See under Body. --
Clothes moth (Zo\'94l.), a small moth
of the genus Tinea. The most common species (T.
flavifrontella)is yellowish white. The larv\'91 eat woolen
goods, furs, feathers, etc. They live in tubular cases made of
the material upon which they feed, fastened together with
silk.
Syn. -- Garments; dress; clothing; apparel; attire; vesture;
raiment; garb; costume; habit; habiliments.
Clothes"horse` (?), n. A frame
to hang clothes on.
Clothes"line` (?), n. A rope or
wire on which clothes are hung to dry.
Clothes"pin` (? , n. A
forked piece of wood, or a small spring clamp, used for fastening
clothes on a line.
Clothes"press` (?), n. A
receptacle for clothes.
Cloth"ier (?), n. 1.
One who makes cloths; one who dresses or fulls cloth.
Hayward.
2. One who sells cloth or clothes, or who makes and
sells clothes.
Cloth"ing (?), n. 1.
Garments in general; clothes; dress; raiment;
covering.
From others he shall stand in need of nothing,
Yet on his brothers shall depend for clothing.
Milton.
As for me, . . . my clothing was sackloth.
Ps. xxxv. 13
2. The art of process of making cloth.
[R.]
Instructing [refugees] in the art of clothing.
Ray.
3. A covering of non-conducting material on the
outside of a boiler, or steam chamber, to prevent radiation of
heat.
Knight.
4. (Mach.) See Card
clothing, under 3d Card.
Clot"hred (?), p. p. Clottered.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clot"poll` (?), n. See
Clodpoll. [Obs.]
Shak.
Clot"ted (?), a. Composed of
clots or clods; having the quality or form of a clot; sticky;
slimy; foul. \'bdThe clotted glebe.\'b8
J. Philips.
When lust . . .
Lets in defilement to the inward parts,
The soul grows clotted by contagion.
Milton.
Clot"ter (?), v. i. [From
Clot.] To concrete into lumps; to clot.
[Obs.] \'bdClottered blood.\'b8
Chapman.
Clot"ty (?), a. [From
Clot, n.] Full of clots, or
clods. \'bdClotty matter.\'b8
Harvey.
\'d8Cl\'93`ture" (?), n.
[F.] (Parliamentary Practice) See
Closure, 5.
Clot"weed` (?), n. [See
Clote.] Cocklebur.
Cloud (?), n. [Prob. fr. AS.
cld a rock or hillock, the application arising from
the frequent resemblance of clouds to rocks or hillocks in the
sky or air.] 1. A collection of visible
vapor, or watery particles, susponded in the upper
atmosphere.
I do set my bow in the cloud.
Gen. ix. 13.
(a) Cirrus.
This is the most elevated of all the forms of clouds; is thin,
long-drawn, sometimes looking like carded wool or hair, sometimes
like a brush or room, sometimes in curl-like or fleecelike
patches. It is the cat's-tail of the sailor, and the
mare's-tail of the landsman. (b)
Cumulus. This form appears in large masses of a
hemispherical form, or nearly so, above, but flat below, one
often piled above another, forming great clouds, common in the
summer, and presenting the appearance of gigantic mountains
crowned with snow. It often affords rain and thunder gusts.
(c) Stratus. This form appears in layers
or bands extending horizontally. (d)
Nimbus. This form is characterized by its uniform
gray tint and ragged edges; it covers the sky in seasons of
continued rain, as in easterly storms, and is the proper
rain cloud. The name is sometimes used to denote a
raining cumulus, or cumulostratus. (e)
Cirro-cumulus. This form consists, like the
cirrus, of thin, broken, fleecelice clouds, but the
parts are more or less rounded and regulary grouped. It is
popularly called mackerel sky. (f)
Cirro-stratus. In this form the patches of cirrus
coalesce in long strata, between cirrus and stratus. (g)
Cumulo-stratus. A form between cumulus and
stratus, often assuming at the horizon a black or bluish tint. --
Fog, cloud, motionless, or nearly so, lying near
or in contact with the earth's surface. -- Storm
scud, cloud lying quite low, without form, and driven
rapidly with the wind.
2. A mass or volume of smoke, or flying dust,
resembling vapor. \'bdA thick cloud of
incense.\'b8
Ezek. viii. 11.
3. A dark vein or spot on a lighter material, as in
marble; hence, a blemish or defect; as, a cloud upon
one's reputation; a cloud on a title.
4. That which has a dark, lowering, or threatening
aspect; that which temporarily overshadows, obscures, or
depresses; as, a cloud of sorrow; a cloud
of war; a cloud upon the intellect.
5. A great crowd or multitude; a vast
collection. \'bdSo great a cloud of
witnesses.\'b8
Heb. xii. 1.
6. A large, loosely-knitted scarf, worn by women
about the head.
Cloud on a (or the)
title (Law), a defect of title,
usually superficial and capable of removal by release, decision
in equity, or legislation. -- To be under a
cloud, to be under suspicion or in disgrace; to be in
disfavor. -- In the clouds, in the realm of
facy and imagination; beyond reason; visionary.
Cloud (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clouded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Clouding.] 1.
To overspread or hide with a cloud or clouds; as, the
sky is clouded.
2. To darken or obscure, as if by hiding or
enveloping with a cloud; hence, to render gloomy or sullen.
One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,
Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth.
Shak.
Be not disheartened, then, nor cloud those
looks.
Milton.
Nothing clouds men's minds and impairs their
honesty like prejudice.
M. Arnold.
3. To blacken; to sully; to stain; to tarnish; to
damage; -- esp. used of reputation or character.
I would not be a stander-by to hear
My sovereign mistress clouded so, without
My present vengeance taken.
Shak.
4. To mark with, or darken in, veins or sports; to
variegate with colors; as, to cloud yarn.
And the nice conduct of a clouded cane.
Pope.
Cloud, v. i. To grow cloudy; to become
obscure with clouds; -- often used with up.
Worthies, away! The scene begins to cloud.
Shak.
Coud"age (?), n. Mass of
clouds; cloudiness. [R.]
A scudding cloudage of shapes.
Coleridge.
Cloud"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of raspberry (Rubus
Cham\'91merous) growing in the northern regions, and
bearing edible, amber-colored fruit.
Cloud"-built (?), a. Built of,
or in, the clouds; airy; unsubstantial; imaginary.
Cowper.
So vanished my cloud-built palace.
Goldsmith.
Cloud"-burst` (?), n. A sudden
copious rainfall, as the whole cloud had been precipitated at
once.
Cloud"-capped` (?), a. Having
clouds resting on the top or head; reaching to the clouds;
as, cloud-capped mountains.
Cloud"-com*pel`ler (?), n.
Cloud-gatherer; -- an epithet applied to Zeus.
[Poetic.]
Pope.
Cloud"i*ly (?), adv. In a
cloudy manner; darkly; obscurely.
Dryden.
Cloud"i*ness, n. The state of being
cloudy.
Cloud"ing, n. 1. A mottled
appearance given to ribbons and silks in the process of
dyeing.
2. A diversity of colors in yarn, recurring at
regular intervals.
Knight.
Cloud"land` (?), n.
Dreamland.
Cloud"less, a. Without a cloud; clear;
bright.
A cloudless winter sky.
Bankroft.
-- Cloud"less*ly, adv. --
Cloud"less*ness, n.
Cloud"let (?), n. A little
cloud.
R. Browning.
Eve's first star through fleecy cloudlet
peeping.
Coleridge.
Cloud"y (, a.
[Compar. Cloudier (;
superl. Cloudiest.] [From
Cloud, n.] 1. Overcast
or obscured with clouds; clouded; as, a cloudy
sky.
2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds.
As Moses entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy
pillar descended.
Ex. xxxiii. 9
3. Indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or
ill-nature; not open or cheerful. \'bdA cloudy
countenance.\'b8
Shak.
4. Confused; indistinct; obscure; dark.
Cloudy and confused notions of things.
Watts.
5. Lacking clearness, brightness, or luster.
\'bdA cloudy diamond.\'b8
Boyle.
6. Marked with veins or sports of dark or various
hues, as marble.
Clough (?), n. [OE.
clough, cloghe, clou,
clewch, AS. (assumed) cl\'d3h, akin to G.
klinge ravine.] 1. A cleft in a
hill; a ravine; a narrow valley.
Nares.
2. A sluice used in returning water to a channel
after depositing its sediment on the flooded land.
Knight.
Clough (?; 115), n.
(Com.) An allowance in weighing. See
Cloff.
Clout (?), n. [AS.
cl\'d4t a little cloth, piece of metal; cf. Sw.
klut, Icel. kl\'d4tr a kerchief, or W.
clwt a clout, Gael. clud.]
1. A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a
rag.
His garments, nought but many ragged clouts,
With thorns together pinned and patched was.
Spenser.
A clout upon that head where late the diadem
stood.
Shak.
2. A swadding cloth.
3. A piece; a fragment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. The center of the butt at which archers shoot;
-- probably once a piece of white cloth or a nail head.
A'must shoot nearer or he'll ne'er hit the
clout.
Shak.
5. An iron plate on an axletree or other wood to
keep it from wearing; a washer.
6. A blow with the hand. [Low]
Clout nail, a kind of wrought-iron nail
heaving a large flat head; -- used for fastening clouts to
axletrees, plowshares, etc., also for studding timber, and for
various purposes.
Clout, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clouted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Clouting.] [OE. clutien.
clouten, to patch. See Clout,
n.] 1. To cover with cloth,
leather, or other material; to bandage; patch, or mend, with a
clout.
And old shoes and clouted upon their feet.
Josh. ix. 5.
Paul, yea, and Peter, too, had more skill in . . .
clouting an old tent than to teach lawyers.
Latimer.
2. To join or patch clumsily.
If fond Bavius vent his clouted song.
P. Fletcher
3. To quard with an iron plate, as an
axletree.
4. To give a blow to; to strike.
[Low]
The . . . queen of Spain took off one of her chopines and
clouted Olivarez about the noddle with it.
Howell.
5. To stud with nails, as a timber, or a boot
sole.
Clouted cream, clotted cream, i.
e., cream obtained by warming new milk.
A. Philips.
Clouted brogues\'b8 in Shakespeare
and \'bdclouted shoon\'b8 in Milton have been
understood by some to mean shoes armed with nails; by others,
patched shoes.
Clout"er*ly (?), a. [From
Clout, n.] Clumsy; awkward.
[Obs.]
Rough-hewn, cloutery verses.
E. Phillips.
Clove (?), imp. of
Cleave. Cleft.
Spenser.
Clove hitch (Naut.) See under
Hitch. -- Clove hook (Naut.),
an iron two-part hook, with jaws overlapping, used in bending
chain sheets to the clews of sails; -- called also clip
hook.
Knight.
Clove, n. [D. kloof. See
Cleave, v. t.] A cleft; a gap; a
ravine; -- rarely used except as part of a proper name; as,
Kaaterskill Clove; Stone Clove.
Clove, n. [OE. clow, fr. F.
clou nail, clou de girofle a clove, lit.
nail of clove, fr. L. clavus nail, perh. akin to
clavis key, E. clavicle. The clove was so
called from its resemblance to a nail. So in D.
kruidnagel clove, lit. herb-nail or
spice-nail. Cf. Cloy.] A very
pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove
tree (Eugenia, ), a native
of the Molucca Isles.
Clove camphor. (Chem.) See
Eugenin. -- Clove gillyflower,
Clove pink (Bot.), any fragrant
self-colored carnation.
Clove, n. [AS. clufe an ear
of corn, a clove of garlic; cf. cle\'a2fan to split,
E. cleave.] 1. (Bot.)
One of the small bulbs developed in the axils of the scales
of a large bulb, as in the case of garlic.
Developing, in the axils of its skales, new bulbs, of what
gardeners call cloves.
Lindley.
<-- p. 269 -->
2. A weight. A clove of cheese is about
eight pounds, of wool, about seven pounds. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clo"ven (?), p. p. & a. from
Cleave, v. t.
To show the cloven foot hoof, to reveal a devilish character, or
betray an evil purpose, notwithstanding disguises, -- Satan being
represented dramatically and symbolically as having cloven
hoofs.
{ Clo"ven-foot`ed (?),
Clo"ven-hoofed` (?) }, a.
Having the foot or hoof divided into two parts, as the
ox.
Clo"ver (?), n. [OE.
claver, clover, AS. cl;
akin to LG. & Dan. klever, D. klaver, G.
klee, Sw. kl.]
(Bot.) A plant of differend species of the genus
Trifolium; as the common red clover, T.
pratense, the white, T. repens, and the hare's
foot, T. arvense.
Clover weevil (Zo\'94l.) a small
weevil (Apion apricans), that destroys the seeds of
clover. -- Clover worm (Zo\'94l.),
the larva of a small moth (Asopia costalis), often
very destructive to clover hay. -- In clover, in
very pleasant circumstances; fortunate. [Colloq.] --
Sweet clover. See
Meliot.
Clo"vered (?), a. Covered with
growing clover.
Flocks thick nibbling through the clovered
vale.
Thomson.
Clowe"-gi*lof`re (?), n. [See
3d Clove, and Gilliflower.] Spice
clove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clown (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
klunni a clumsy, boorish fellow, North Fries.
kl clown, dial. Sw. klunn log, Dan.
klunt log block, and E. clump, n.]
1. A man of coarse nature and manners; an awkward
fellow; an illbred person; a boor.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. One who works upon the soil; a rustic; a
churl.
The clown, the child of nature, without guile.
Cowper.
3. The fool or buffoon in a play, circus,
etc.
The clown shall make those laugh whose lungs are
tickle o'the sere.
Shak.
Clown, v. i. To act as a clown; -- with
it [Obs.]
Beclowns it properly indeed.
B. Jonson.
Clown"age (?), n. Behavior or
manners of a clown; clownery. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Clown"er*y (?), n.
Clownishness.
L'Estrange.
Clown"ish, a. Of or resembling a clown,
or characteristic of a clown; ungainly; awkward.
\'bdClownish hands.\'b8 Spenser.
\'bdClownish mimic.\'b8 Prior.
-- Clown"ish*ly, adv.
Syn. -- Coarse; rough; clumsy; awkward; ungainly; rude;
uncivil; ill-bred; boorish; rustic; untutored.
Clown"ish*ness, n. The manners of a
clown; coarseness or rudeness of behavior.
That plainness which the alamode people call
clownishness.
Locke.
Cloy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cloyed
(kloid); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cloying.] [OE. cloer to nail
up, F. clouer, fr. OF. clo nail, F.
clou, fr. L. clavus nail. Cf. 3d
Clove.] 1. To fill or choke up; to
stop up; to clog. [Obs.]
The duke's purpose was to have cloyed the harbor by
sinking ships, laden with stones.
Speed.
2. To glut, or satisfy, as the appetite; to
satiate; to fill to loathing; to surfeit.
[Who can] cloy the hungry edge of appetite
By bare imagination of a feast?
Shak.
He sometimes cloys his readers instead of
satisfying.
Dryden.
3. To penetrate or pierce; to wound.
Which, with his cruel tusk, him deadly cloyed.
Spenser.
He never shod horse but he cloyed him.
Bacon.
4. To spike, as a cannon. [Obs.]
Johnson.
5. To stroke with a claw. [Obs.]
Shak.
Cloy"less, a. That does not cloy.
Shak.
Cloy"ment (?), n.
Satiety. [Obs.]
Shak.
Club (?), n. [CF. Icel.
klubba, klumba, club,
klumbuf a clubfoot, SW. klubba club,
Dan. klump lump, klub a club, G.
klumpen clump, kolben club, and E.
clump.] 1. A heavy staff of wood,
usually tapering, and wielded the hand; a weapon; a cudgel.
But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs;
Rome and her rats are at the point of battle.
Shak.
2. [Cf. the Spanish name bastos, and Sp.
baston staff, club.] Any card of the suit
of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf.
(pl.) The suit of cards having such figure.
3. An association of persons for the promotion of
some common object, as literature, science, politics, good
fellowship, etc.; esp. an association supported by equal
assessments or contributions of the members.
They talked
At wine, in clubs, of art, of politics.
Tennyson.
He [Goldsmith] was one of the nine original members of that
celebrated fraternity which has sometimes been called the
Literary Club, but which has always disclaimed that
epithet, and still glories in the simple name of the
Club.
Macaulay.
4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share
of it; a contribution to a common fund.
They laid down the club.
L'Estrange.
We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our
part of the club.
Pepys.
Club law, government by violence; lynch law;
anarchy.
Addison. -
Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen
mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know
species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other
Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores
form a highly inflammable powder. -- Club root
(Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots
become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club
topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail,
used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short
\'bdclub\'b8 or \'bdjack yard\'b8 to increase its
spread.
Club (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Clubbed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Clubbing.] 1. To beat with a
club.
2. (Mil.) To throw, or allow to fall,
into confusion.
To club a battalion implies a temporary inability
in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to
their natural front in line or column.
Farrow.
3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment
of a common end; as, to club exertions.
4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional
assesment; as, to club the expense.
To club a musket (Mil.), to turn
the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.
Club (?), v. i. 1. To
form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object;
to unite.
Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream
Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream.
Dryden.
2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a
common charge or expense; to pay for something by
contribution.
The owl, the raven, and the bat,
Clubbed for a feather to his hat.
Swift.
3. (Naut.) To drift in a current with an
anchor out.
Club"ba*ble (?), a. Suitable
for membership in a club; sociable.
[Humorous.]
G. W. Curtis.
Clubbed (?), a. Shaped like a
club; grasped like, or used as, a club.
Skelton.
Club"ber (?), n. 1.
One who clubs.
2. A member of a club. [R.]
Massinger.
Club"bish (?), a. 1.
Rude; clownish. [Obs.]
2. Disposed to club together; as, a
clubbish set.
Club"bist (?), n. A member of a
club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.]
Burke.
Club"fist` (?), n. 1.
A large, heavy fist.
2. A coarse, brutal fellow.
[Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
Club"fist`ed, a. Having a large
fist.
Howell.
Club"foot (?), n.
[Club + foot.] (Med.)
A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity,
usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.
Club"foot`ed, a. Having a
clubfoot.
Club"hand` (?), n. (Med.)
A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such
a hand.
Club"haul` (?), v. t.
(Naut.) To put on the other tack by dropping the
lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings
the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon
as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only
in an exigency.
Club"house` (?), n. A house
occupied by a club.
Club"room` (?), n. The
apartment in which a club meets.
Addison.
Club"-rush` (?), n.
(Bot.) A rushlike plant, the reed mace or
cat-tail, or some species of the genus Scirpus. See
Bulrush.
Club"-shaped (?), a. Enlarged
gradually at the end, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.
Cluck (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Clucked
(?); p pr. & vb. n.
Clucking.] [AS. cloccian;
cf. D. klokken, G. glucken,
glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan.
klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.] To
make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen.
Ray.
Cluck, v. t. To call together, or call
to follow, as a hen does her chickens.
She, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
Has clucked three to the wars.
Shak.
Cluck, n. 1. The call of a hen
to her chickens.
2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.
Cluck"ing, n. The noise or call of a
brooding hen.
Clue (?), n. [See
Clew, n.] A ball of thread; a
thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew.
You have wound a goodly clue.
Shak.
This clue once found unravels all the rest.
Pope.
Serve as clues to guide us into further
knowledge.
Locke.
Clum (?), interj. Silence;
hush. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Clum"ber (?), n. [Named from
the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body,
which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.
Clump (?), n. [Cf. D.
klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen,
Dan. klump, Sw. kllimp; perh. akin to L.
globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.]
1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other
substance.
2. A cluster; a group; a thicket.
A clump of shrubby trees.
Hawthorne.
3. The compressed clay of coal strata.
Brande & C.
Clump, v. t. To arrange in a clump or
clumps; to cluster; to group.
Blackmore.
Clump, v. i. To tread clumsily; to
clamp. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Clump"er (?), v. t. [Cf. G.
kl\'81mpern to clod. See Clump,
n.] To form into clumps or masses.
[Obs.]
Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds.
Dr. H. More.
Clumps (?), n. A game in which
questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners
to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons
who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take
sides in two \'bdclumps\'b8 or groups, the \'bdclump\'b8 which
guesses the word winning the game.
Clump"y (?), a. [From
Clump, n.] Composed of clumps;
massive; shapeless.
Leigh Hunt.
Clum"si*ly (?), adv. In a
clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk
clumsily.
Clum"si*ness, n. The quality of being
clusy.
The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to
clumsiness and ignorance.
Collier.
Clum"sy (?), a.
[Compar. Clumsier (?);
superl. Clumsiest.] [OE.
clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be
benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw.
klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam,
and 1st Clamp.] 1. Stiff or
benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]
2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity,
nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed;
unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate;
as, a clumsy person; a clumsy workman;
clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a
clumsy excuse.
But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed,
Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed.
Dryden.
Syn. -- See Awkward.
Clunch (?), n. [Perh. fr.
clinch to make fast] .
1. (Mining) Indurated clay. See
Bind, n., 3.
2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk.
Dana.
Clung (?), imp. & p. p. of
Cling.
Clung, a. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE.
clingen to wither. See Cling, v.
i.] Wasted away; shrunken.
[Obs.]
Clu"ni*ac (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A monk of the reformed branch of the
Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France.
-- Also used as a.
Clu`ni*a*cen"sian (?), a.
Cluniac.
Clu"pe*oid (?), a.
[L.clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of
the herring + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the Herring family.
Clus"ter (?), n. [AS.
cluster, clyster; cf. LG.
kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of
grapes, D. klissen to be entangled?.)]
1. A number of things of the same kind growing
together; a bunch.
Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes,
Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.
Spenser.
2. A number of similar things collected together or
lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of
islands. \'bdCluster of provinces.\'b8
Motley.
3. A number of individuals grouped together or
collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.
As bees . . .
Pour forth their populous youth about the hive
In clusters.
Milton.
We loved him; but, like beasts
And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters,
Who did hoot him out o' the city.
Shak.
Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Clustered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clustering.] To grow in
clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster
or clusters.
His sunny hair
Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's.
Tennyson.
The princes of the country clustering together.
Foxe.
Clus"ter, v. t. To collect into a
cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body.
Not less the bee would range her cells, . . .
The foxglove cluster dappled bells.
Tennyson.
Or from the forest falls the clustered snow.
Thomson.
Clustered column (Arch.), a column
which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns
collected together.
Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In clusters.
Clus"ter*y (?), a. [From
Cluster, n.] Growing in, or full
of, clusters; like clusters.
Johnson.
Clutch (kl\'dcch; 224), n. [OE.
cloche, cloke, claw, Scot.
clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche
claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS.
gel\'91ccan (where ge- is a prefix) to
seize. Cf. Latch a catch.] 1. A
gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws;
seizure; grasp. \'bdThe clutch of poverty.\'b8
Cowper.
An expiring clutch at popularity.
Carlyle.
But Age, with his stealing steps,
Hath clawed me in his clutch.
Shak.
2. pl. The hands, claws, or talons, in
the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power,
rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches
of an adversary.
I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come
near the clutches of such a giant.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
3. (Mach.) A device which is used for
coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may
be disengaged at pleasure.
4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end
of a chain or tackle.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The nest complement of
eggs of a bird.
Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in
which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms
sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in
a crosshead fastened on the shaft.
Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Clutched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Clutching.] [OE.
clucchen. See Clutch, n.]
1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands,
or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch
power.
A man may set the poles together in his head, and
clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp.
Collier.
Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . ?
Come, let me clutch thee.
Shak.
2. To close tightly; to clinch.
Not that I have the power to clutch my hand.
Shak.
Clutch, v. i. To reach (at something) as
if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by
at.
Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market.
Bankroft.
Clut"ter (?), n. [Cf. W.
cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to
heap.] 1. A confused collection; hence,
confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a
clutter.
He saw what a clutter there was with huge,
overgrown pots, pans, and spits.
L'Estrange.
2. Clatter; confused noise.
Swift.
Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cluttered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cluttering.] To crowd together
in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw
into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a
room.
Clut"ter, v. i. To make a confused
noise; to bustle.
It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled
there.
Tennyson.
Clut"ter, v. t. [From Clod,
n.] To clot or coagulate, as blood.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Clyp`e*as"troid (?), a. [NL.
Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield +
aster star) + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or related to the genus
Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea
urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.
<-- p. 270 -->
Clyp"e*ate (?), a. [L.
clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a
shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]
1. (Bot.) Shaped like a round buckler or
shield; scutate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with a shield,
or a protective plate or shell.
Clyp"e*i*form` (?), a. [L.
clupeus shield + -form.]
Shield-shaped; clypeate.
\'d8Clyp"e*us (?), n.; pl.
Clypei (#). [L., a shield.]
(Zo\'94l.) The frontal plate of the head of an
insect.
Clys"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. Clyster.]
Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a
cataclysm; as, clysmian changes.
Smart.
Clys"mic (?), a. Washing;
cleansing.
Clys"ter (?), n. [L., fr. G.
hl\'d4trs pure, G. lauter: cf. F.
clyst\'8are] (Med.) A liquid
injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an
injection; an enema.
Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for
injections.
Cne"mi*al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to the shin
bone.
Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the
proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.
\'d8Cni"da (?), n.; pl.
Cnid\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
peculiar stinging, cells found in C\'d2lenterata; a nematocyst; a
lasso cell.
\'d8Cni*da"ri*a (?), n.,
pl. [NL. See Cnida.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive group equivalent to
the true C\'d2lenterata, i.e., exclusive of the sponges.
They are so named from presence of stinging cells
(cnidae) in the tissues. See
Coelenterata.
Cni"do*blast (?), n.
[Cnida + -blast.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the cells which, in the
C\'d2lenterata, develop into cnid\'91.
Cni"do*cil (?), n.
[Cnida + cilium eyelash.]
(Zo\'94l.) The fine filiform process of a
cnidoblast.
Co- (. A form of the prefix
com-, signifying with, together,
in conjunction, joint. It is used before
vowels and some consonants. See Com-.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), a. [L.
coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap
up; co- + acervare. See
Acervate.] Raised into a pile; collected into
a crowd; heaped. [R.]
Bacon.
Co`a*cer"vate (?), v. t. To
heap up; to pile. [R.]
Co*ac`er*va"tion (?), n. [L.
coacervatio.] A heaping together.
[R.]
Bacon.
Coach (?; 224), n. [F.
coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of
cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel,
mussel shell, Gr. \'87ankha. Cf.
Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.]
1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having
doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside,
each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for
the driver.
Coaches have a variety of forms, and
differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry.
Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have
three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and
seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.
2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a
student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's
crew for a race. [Colloq.]
Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester
coach.
G. Eliot.
3. (Naut.) A cabin on the after part of
the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain.
[Written also couch.]
[Obs.]
The commanders came on board and the council sat in the
coach.
Pepys.
4. (Railroad) A first-class passenger
car, as distinguished from a drawing-room car, sleeping car, etc.
It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.
Coach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coached (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coaching.] 1. To
convey in a coach.
Pope.
2. To prepare for public examination by private
instruction; to train by special instruction.
[Colloq.]
I coached him before he got his scholarship.
G. Eliot.
Coach, v. i. To drive or to ride in a
coach; -- sometimes used with it.
[Colloq.] \'bdCoaching it to all
quarters.\'b8
E. Waterhouse.
Coach"box` (?). The seat of a
coachman.
Coach"dog` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.)
One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the
Dalmatian dog.
Coach"ee (?), n. A
coachman [Slang]
Coach"fel`low (?), n. One of a
pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence
(Fig.), a comrade.
Shak.
Coach"man (?), n.; pl.
Coachmen (#). 1. A man
whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A tropical fish of the
Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also
charioteer. The name refers to a long,
lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.
Coach"man*ship (?), n. Skill in
driving a coach.
Coach"whip` snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United
States (Masticophis flagelliformis).
Co*act" (?), v. t. [L.
coactare, intens. fr. cogere,
coactum, to force. See Cogent.] To
force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.]
The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not
coacted.
Foxe.
Co*act", v. i. [Pref. co- +
act, v.i.] To act together; to work in
concert; to unite. [Obs.]
But if I tell you how these two did coact.
Shak.
Co*ac"tion (?), n. [L.
coactio.] Force; compulsion, either in
restraining or impelling.
Sojth.
Co*ac"tive (?), a. [In sense 1,
fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.]
1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory;
restrictive.
Any coactive power or the civil kind.
Bp. Warburton.
2. Acting in concurrence; united in action.
With what's unreal thou coactive art.
Shak.
Co*ac"tive*ly, adv. In a coactive
manner.
Co`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Unity of
action.
Co*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Mutual
adaption.
R. Owen.
Co`a*dapt"ed (?), a. Adapted
one to another; as, coadapted pulp and
tooth.
R. Owen.
Co*ad"ju*ment (?), n. Mutual
help; co\'94peration. [R.]
Johnson.
Co`ad*just" (?), v. t. To
adjust by mutual adaptations.
R. Owen.
Co`ad*just"ment (?), n. Mutual
adjustment.
Co*ad"ju*tant (?), a. Mutually
assisting or operating; helping.
J. Philips.
Co*ad"ju*tant, n. An assistant.
R. North.
Co*ad"ju*ting, a. Mutually
assisting. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Co*ad"ju*tive (?), a. Rendering
mutual aid; coadjutant.
Feltham.
Co`ad*ju"tor (?), n. [L. See
Co-, and Aid.] 1. One who
aids another; an assistant; a coworker.
Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor.
Sheridan.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The assistant of a bishop
or of a priest holding a benefice.
Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n. The state or
office of a coadjutor; joint assistance.
Pope.
{ Co`ad*ju"tress (?),
Co`ad*ju"trix (?), } n. A
female coadjutor or assistant.
Holland. Smollett.
Co*ad"ju*van*cy (?), n. Joint
help; co\'94peration.
Sir T. Browne.
Co*ad"ju*vant (?), a.
Co\'94perating.
Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.) An
adjuvant.
Co*ad"u*nate (?; 135), a. [L.
coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite.
See Adunation.] (Bot.) United at
the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.
Co*ad`u*na"tion (?), n. [L.
coadunatio.] Union, as in one body or mass;
unity.
Jer. Taylor.
The coadunation of all the civilized provinces.
Coleridge.
Co*ad`u*ni"tion (?), n. [Pref.
co- + pref. ad- +
unition.] Coadunation.
[R.]
Sir M. Hale.
Co`ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. An
adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.
Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i. To share in a
venture.
Howell.
Co`ad*ven"tur*er (?), n. A
fellow adventurer.
Co`af*for"est (?), v. t. To
convert into, or add to, a forest.
Howell.
Coag (?), n. See Coak,
a kind of tenon.
Co*a"gen*cy (?), n. Agency in
common; joint agency or agent.
Coleridge.
Co*a"gent (?), n. An associate
in an act; a coworker.
Drayton.
Co`ag*ment" (?), v. t. [L.
coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining
together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.]
To join together. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Co*ag`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coagmentatio.] The act of joining, or the
state of being joined, together; union. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated.
Ure.
Co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Capable
of being coagulated.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lant (?), n. [L.
coagulans, p. pr.] That which produces
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*late (?), a. [L.
coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to
coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr.
cogere, coactum, to drive together,
coagulate. See Cogent.] Coagulated.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Co*ag"u*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coagulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coagulating
(?).] To cause (a liquid) to change
into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by
some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as, rennet
coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of
an egg.
Co*ag"u*late, v. i. To undergo
coagulation.
Boyle.
Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.
Co*ag"u*la`ted (?), a. Changed
into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass;
curdled.
Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.),
one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a
albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.
Co*ag`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
coagulatio.] 1. The change from a
liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by
evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the
spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the
coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the
coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is
generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble
modification.
<-- by heat is due to denaturation of protein. -->
2. The substance or body formed by
coagulation.
Co*ag"u*la*tive (?), a. Having
the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative
agent.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*la`tor (?), n. That
which causes coagulation.
Hixley.
Co*ag"u*la*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as,
coagulatory effects.
Boyle.
Co*ag"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Coagula (#). [L. See
Coagulate, a.] The thick, curdy
precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any
mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.
\'d8Co*ai"ta (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The native name of certain South
American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp. A.
paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater.
See Illustration in Appendix.
Coak (?), n. See Coke,
n.
Coak, n. 1. (Carp.)
A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with
the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or
iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt
coag.]
2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the
center of a wooden block sheve.
Coak, v. t. (Carp.) To unite,
as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or
face.
Totten.
Coal (?), n. [AS.
col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol,
cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl.,
Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval
to burn. Cf. Kiln, Collier.] 1.
A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited,
fragment from wood or other combustible substance;
charcoal.
2. (Min.) A black, or brownish black,
solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth
to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of
carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a
large amount of volatile matter.
coal-black;
coal formation; coal scuttle;
coal ship. etc.
coals is used, for
the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put
coals on the fire. In the United States the singular
in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of
coal.
Age of coal plants. See Age of
Acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Anthracite or
Glance coal. See Anthracite. --
Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous. --
Blind coal. See under Blind. --
Brown coal, Lignite.
See Lignite. -- Caking coal, a
bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid
when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are
driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke
is left. -- Cannel coal, a very compact
bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel
coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.), a
layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal
breaker, a structure including machines and machinery
adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. --
Coal field (Geol.), a region in which
deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike
structure, and are hence called coal basins. See
Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety of
carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in
lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating.
-- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal,
and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships.
-- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a)
Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b)
A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the
millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and
including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. --
Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils;
petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.),
one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the
strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar.
See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the
coals, to call to account; to scold or censure.
[Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See
Lignite.
Coal, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coaling.] 1. To burn to
charcoal; to char. [R.]
Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces.
Bacon.
2. To mark or delineate with charcoal.
Camden.
3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a
steamer.
Coal, v. i. To take in coal; as, the
steaer coaled at Southampton.
Coal"-black (?), a. As black as
coal; jet black; very black.
Dryden.
Coal"er*y (?), n.
[Obs.] See Colliery.
Co`a*lesce" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coalesced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coalescing.] [L. coalescere,
coalitium; co- + alescere to
grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See
Aliment, n.] 1. To grow
together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts
separated by a wound coalesce.
2. To unite in one body or product; to combine
into one body or community; as, vapors
coalesce.
The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other
nations.
Campbell.
Certain combinations of ideas that, once
coalescing, could not be shaken loose.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- See Add.
Co`a*les"cence (?), n. The act
or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of
uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being
united; union; concretion.
Co`a*les"cent (?), a. [L.
coalescens, p. pr.] Growing together;
cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts;
uniting.
Coal"fish` (?), n. [Named from
the dark color of the back.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pollock; -- called also,
coalsey, colemie,
colmey, coal whiting, etc.
See Pollock. (b) The beshow or
candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.
Coal"goose` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The cormorant; -- so called from its
black color.
Co"a*lite (?), v. i. [L.
coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See
Coalesce.] To unite or coalesce.
[Obs.]
Let them continue to coalite.
Bolingbroke.
Co"a*lite, v. t. To cause to unite or
coalesce. [Obs.]
Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the
conquered with the conquerors.
Burke.
Co`a*li"tion (?), n. [LL.
coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See
Coalesce.] 1. The act of coalescing;
union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts;
as, a coalition of atoms.
Bentley.
<-- p. 271 -->
2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of
persons, parties, or states, having different interests.
A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg.
J. Randolph.
The coalition between the religious and worldly
enemies of popery.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league;
combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.
Co`a*li"tion*er (?), n. A
coalitionist.
Co`a*li"tion*ist, n. One who joins or
promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.
Co`-al*ly" (?), n.; pl.
Co-allies (#). A joint ally.
Kent.
Coal"-me`ter (?), n. A licensed
or official coal measurer in London. See Meter.
Simmonds.
Coal"mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small species of titmouse, with a
black head; the coletit.
Coal"pit` (?), n. 1. A
pit where coal is dug.
2. A place where charcoal is made. [U.
S.]
Coal" tar` (?). A thick, black, tarry
liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the
manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink,
black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many
substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the
benzene or aromatic series.
Coal"-whip`per (?), n. One who
raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.]
Dickens.
Coal" works (?). A place where coal is
dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.
Coal"y (?), a. [From
Coal, n.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.
Coam"ings (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Comb a crest.] (Naut.) Raised
pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other
opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp.
the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from
the transverse head ledges. [Written also
combings.]
Co`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex
with something else.
Co`ap*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together;
co- + aptare. See Aptate.]
The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a
broken bone or dislocated joint.
{ Co*arct" (?), Co*arc"tate
(?) }, v. t. [See
Coarctate, a.] 1. To
press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. To restrain; to confine.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
Co*arc"tate (?), a. [L.
coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press
together; co- + arctare to press together,
from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pressed together; closely connected;
-- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the
thorax only by a constriction.
Coarctate pupa (Zo\'94l.), a pupa
closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most
Diptera.
Co`arc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
coarctatio.] 1. Confinement to a
narrow space. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Pressure; that which presses.
[Obs.]
Ray.
3. (Med.) A stricture or narrowing, as
of a canal, cavity, or orifice.
Coarse (?), a.
[Compar. Coarser (?);
superl. Coarsest.] [As this
word was anciently written course, or
cours, it may be an abbreviation of of
course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and
hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough,
gross, e. g., \'bdThough the threads be
course.\'b8 Gascoigne. See
Course.]
1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or
particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in
material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to
fine; as, coarse sand; coarse
thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.
2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross;
indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse
language.
I feel
Of what coarse metal ye are molded.
Shak.
To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful
expressions.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth;
unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.
Coarse"-grained` (?), a. Having
a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in
refinement.
Coarse"ly, adv. In a coarse manner;
roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.
<-- #### q4 -->
Coars"en (?), v. t. To make
coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's
character. [R.]
Graham.
Coarse"ness (?), n. The quality
or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity;
grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners,
or language. \'bdThe coarseness of the
sackcloth.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Pardon the coarseness of the illustration.
L'Estrange.
A coarseness and vulgarity in all the
proceedings.
Burke.
Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n.
(Anat.) The unoin or articulation of bones to
form a joint.
Co`-as*sess"or (?), n. A joint
assessor.
Coast (?), n. [OF.
coste, F. c\'93te, rib, hill, shore, coast,
L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v.
t., Cutlet.] 1. The side of a
thing. [Obs.]
Sir I. Newton.
2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a
country; frontier border. [Obs.]
From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost
sea, shall your coast be.
Deut. xi. 24.
3. The seashore, or land near it.
He sees in English ships the Holland coast.
Dryden.
We the Arabian coast do know
At distance, when the species blow.
Waller.
The coast is clear, the danger is over; no
enemy in sight.
Dryden.
Fig.: There are no obstacles. \'bdSeeing that
the coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Coast guard. (a) A body of men originally
employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the
control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve.
[Eng.] (b) The force employed in
lifesaving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.]
-- Coast rat (Zo\'94l.), a South
African mammal (Bathyergus suillus), about the size of
a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also
sand mole. -- Coast waiter,
a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or
shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]
Coast (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Coasting.] [OE.
costien, costeien, costen, OF.
costier, costoier, F.
c\'93toyer, fr. Of. coste coast,
F. c\'93te. See Coast, n.]
1. To draw or keep near; to approach.
[Obs.]
Anon she hears them chant it lustily,
And all in haste she coasteth to the cry.
Shak.
2. To sail by or near the shore.
The ancients coasted only in their navigation.
Arbuthnot.
3. To sail from port to port in the same
country.
4. [Cf. OF. coste, F.
c\'93te, hill, hillside.] To slide down
hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local,
U. S.]
Coast, v. t. 1. To draw near
to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of.
[Obs.]
Hakluyt.
2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line
of.
Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to
coast that shore.
Sir T. Browne.
3. To conduct along a coast or river bank.
[Obs.]
The Indians . . . coasted me along the river.
Hakluyt.
Coast"al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cast.
Coast"er (?), n. 1. A
vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the
coasting trade.
2. One who sails near the shore.
Coast"ing (?), a. Sailing along
or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast.
Coasting trade, trade carried on by water
between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished
fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. --
Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a
coaster.
Coast"ing, n. 1. A sailing
along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting
trade.
2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow
or ice. [Local, U. S.]
{ Coast"wise` (?), Coast"ways`
(?), } adv. By way of, or along,
the coast.
Coat (?; 110), n. [OF.
cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte
d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of
mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of
German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G.
klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf.
Cot a hut.] 1. An outer garment
fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment
worn by men.
Let each
His adamantine coat gird well.
Milton.
2. A petticoat. [Obs.] \'bdA
child in coats.\'b8
Locke.
3. The habit or vesture of an order of men,
indicating the order or office; cloth.
Men of his coat should be minding their
prayers.
Swift.
She was sought by spirits of richest coat.
Shak.
4. An external covering like a garment, as fur,
skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were
sleek.
Fruit of all kinds, in coat
Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell.
Milton.
5. A layer of any substance covering another; a
cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the
coats of an onion; a coat of tar or
varnish.
6. Same as Coat of arms. See
below.
Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight,
Or tear the lions out of England's coat.
Shak.
7. A coat card. See below.
[Obs.]
Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with
coats as long as old master lived.
Massinger.
Coat armor. See under Armor. --
Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of
the French cotte d'armes, a garment of light material
worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was
often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an
heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken
together. -- Coat card, a card bearing a
coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards.
\'bd\'bfI am a coat card indeed.' \'bfThen thou must
needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'\'b8
Rowley. -- Coat link, a pair of buttons
or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a
double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a
single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail, a
defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain
mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat
(Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast,
where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting
below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a
canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them
dry and clean.
Coat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Coating.] 1. To
cover with a coat or outer garment.
2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as,
to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a
ceiling.
Coat*ee" (?), n. A coat with
short flaps.
Co*a"ti (? , n. [From
the native name: cf. F. coati.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mammal of tropical America of the
genus Nasua, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer
body, tail, and nose.
N. socialis), called also
coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central
America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in
Surinam and Brazil.
Coat"ing (?), n. 1. A
coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or
protection; as, the coating of a retort or
vial.
2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of
coatings.
Coat"less (?), a. Not wearing a
coat; also, not possessing a coat.
Coax (?; 110), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coaxed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.]
[Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed
upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin
knave, rogue.] To persuade by gentle, insinuating
courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.
Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.
Coax, n. A simpleton; a dupe.
[Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Co`ax*a"tion (?), n. [Gr. The act of croaking.
[R]
Dr. H. More.
Coax"er (?), n. One who
coaxes.
Coax"ing*ly, adv. In a coaxing manner;
by coaxing.
Cob (?), n. [Cf. AS.
cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G.
kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf.
E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider,
cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to
thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.]
1. The top or head of anything.
[Obs.]
W. Gifford.
2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a
rich covetous person. [Obs.]
All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their
bags their god, are called rich cobs.
Nash.
3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian
corn grow. [U. S.]
4. (Zo\'94l.) A spider; perhaps from its
shape; it being round like a head.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A young herring.
B. Jonson.
6. (Zo\'94l.) A fish; -- also called
miller's thumb.
7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used
for the saddle. [Eng.]
8. (Zo\'94l.) A sea mew or gull; esp.,
the black-backed gull (Larus marinus).
[Written also cobb.]
9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a
somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.
10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs.
See Cobnut. [Eng.]
11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov.
Eng.]
The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for
his walls, and thatch for his covering.
R. Carew.
12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on
the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood.
Wright.
13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland,
worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.]
Wright.
Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size
of an egg to that of a football; -- called also
cobbles. Grose. -- Cob
loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top.
Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely
coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the
eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of
eight, or one of its aliquot parts.
Cob, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cobbing.] 1. To strike
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
2. (Mining) To break into small pieces,
as ore, so as to sort out its better portions.
Raymond.
3. (Naut.) To punish by striking on the
buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.
Co*b\'91"a (?), n. [Named after
D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.] A genus of
climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. C.
scandens is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped
flowers.
Co"balt (?; 277, 74), n. [G.
kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel,
goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben
pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas
household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending
-old stands for older -walt,
-wald, being the same as -ald in E.
herald and the word would mean ruler or
governor in a house, house spirit, the
metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and
troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove,
Goblin.] 1. (Chem.) A
tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not
easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol
Co.
2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly
poison.
Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite.
-- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of
some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; --
called also cobalt ultramarine, and
Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt
crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt
glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite.
-- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially
of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also
Rinman's green. -- Cobalt
yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder,
regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.
Co*balt"ic (?; 74), a. [Cf. F.
cobaltique.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of
those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as,
cobaltic oxide.
Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.),
an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia
and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds
(Chem.), an extensive series of complex red
compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the
purpureo-cobaltic compounds.
Co`balt*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Cobalt + -ferous.]
(Min.) Containing cobalt.
{ Co"balt*ine (?), Co"balt*ite
(?) } n. (Min.) A
mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic,
sulphur, and cobalt.
Co*balt"ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the
metal has its lower valence.
Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound,
CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue
when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the
writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to
absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when
warmed.
Cob"bing (?), a. Haughty;
purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2.
[Obs.]
Withals (1608).
Cob"ble (?), n. A fishing boat.
See Coble.
Cob"ble, n. [From Cob a lump.
See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple,
Copplestone.] 1. A
cobblestone. \'bdTheir slings held cobbles
round.\'b8
Fairfax.
2. pl. Cob coal. See under
Cob.
Cob"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cobbled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling
(?).] [OF. cobler,
copler, to join or knit together, couple, F.
coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf.
Couple, n. & v. t.]
1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch;
as, to cobble shoes. Shak.
\'bdA cobbled saddle.\'b8
Thackeray.
2. To make clumsily. \'bdCobbled
rhymes.\'b8
Dryden.
3. To pave with cobblestones.
Cob"bler (?), n. 1. A
mender of shoes.
Addison.
2. A clumsy workman.
Shak.
3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler,
under Sherry.
Cobbler fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name
alludes to its threadlike fin rays.
Cob"ble*stone` (?), n. A large
pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small
boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.
Cob"by (?), a. [From
Cob, n.] 1. Headstrong;
obstinate. [Obs.]
Brockett.
2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]
Co`bel*lig"er*ent (?), a.
Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.
Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n. A nation or state
that carries on war in connection with another.
Co"bi*a (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An oceanic fish of large size
(Elacate canada); the crabeater; -- called also
bonito, cubbyyew,
coalfish, and sergeant
fish.
Cob"i`ron (?), n. [From
Cob the top.] An andiron with a knob at the
top.
Bacon.
Co`bish"op (?), n. A joint or
coadjutant bishop.
Ayliffe.
Co"ble (?), n. [AS.
cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff,
ferryboat.] A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug
sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the
keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire,
England.
Cob"nut` (?), n. 1.
(Com.) A large roundish variety of the cultivated
hazelnut.
2. A game played by children with nuts.
Co*boose" (?), n. See
Caboose.
Co"bourg (?), n. [Named from
the town of Coburg in Germany.] A thin
worsted fabric for women's dresses.
Co"bra (?), n. See
Copra.
Co"bra, n. The cobra de capello.
\'d8Co"bra de ca*pel"lo (?). [Pg., serpent
of the hood.] (Zo\'94l.) The hooded snake
(Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent
inhabiting India.<-- now Naja -->
Cob"stone` (?), n.
Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]
Cob"swan` (?), n. A large
swan.
B. Jonson.
Cob"wall` (?), n.
[Cob clay mixed with straw +
wall.] A wall made of clay mixed with
straw.
Cob"web` (?), n.
[Cob a spider + web.]
1. The network spread by a spider to catch its
prey.
2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch
the ignorant and unwary.
I can not but lament thy splendid wit
Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools.
Cowper.
3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy
and worthless; rubbish.
The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The European spotted
flycatcher.
Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640
as being in pieces of fifteen yards.
Beck. Draper's Dict.
Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn.
Beau. & Fl.
Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which
threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.
Cob"webbed` (?), a. Abounding
in cobwebs. \'bdThe cobwebbed cottage.\'b8
Young.
Cob"web`by (?), a. Abounding in
cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.
Cob"work` (?), a. Built of
logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together
at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often
surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a
cobwork dock or breakwater.
Co"ca (?), n. [Sp., fr. native
name.] The dried leaf of a South American shrub
(Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called
Erythroxylon.
Mexican coca, an American herb
(Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder.
Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.
Coc*agne" (?), n. [F.
cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian
origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal.
coca, L. coquere to cook; as if the houses
in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. Cook,
Cockney.] 1. An imaginary country of
idleness and luxury.
2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term
applied to London and its suburbs.
Smart.
Co"ca*ine (?), n. (Chem.)
A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained
from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline
substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to
pain.
Coc*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
coccum a berry + -ferous. See
Coccus.] Bearing or producing berries;
bacciferous; as, cocciferrous trees or
plants.
\'d8Coc`ci*nel"la (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See
Cochoneal.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
small beetles of many species. They and their larv\'91 feed on
aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also
called ladybirds and
ladybugs.
\'d8Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. Coccobacteria (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. bacterium. So called from
its round shape.] (Biol.) One of the round
variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a
thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.
Coc"co*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F.
coccalite.] (Min.) A granular
variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.
Coc"co*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)
One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably
vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.
Coc"co*sphere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] (Biol.)
A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up
into coccoliths.
\'d8Coc*cos"te*us (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Paleon.)
An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad
plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.
\'d8Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus (?), n.
[NL. cocculus (dim. of L. coccum
kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.]
(Bot.) The fruit or berry of the Anamirta
Cocculus, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a
poisonous narcotic and stimulant.
\'d8Coc"cus (?), n.; pl.
Cocci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Cochineal.] 1.
(Bot.) One of the separable carpels of a dry
fruit.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hemipterous
insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect
(Coccus cacti).
3. (Biol.) A form of bacteria, shaped
like a globule.
Coc*cyg"e*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as,
the coccygeal vertebr\'91.
Coccygeal glands (Zo\'94l.) ,
glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete
the oil with which the plumage is dressed.
Coc*cyg"e*ous (?), a.
Coccygeal. [R.]
\'d8Coc"cyx (?), n.; pl. L.
Coccyges (#). [L., cuckoo, Gr.
(Anat.) The end of the
vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys.
It is composed of several vertebr\'91 more or less
consolidated.
Coch"i*neal (?; 277), [Sp.
cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus,
coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes
berry, G. Quercus coccifera; but cf. also Sp.
cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow,
akin to F. cochon pig.] A dyestuff
consisting of the dried bodies of females of the Coccus
cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc.,
and found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia
cochinellifera.
carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which
yields carmine red.
Coch"i*neal fig (?), (Bot.) A
plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly,
extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect,
which lives on it.
Co"chin fowl` (?), (Zo\'94l.) A
large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China
(Anam).
\'d8Coch"le*a (?), n. [L., a
snail, or snail shell, Gr. (Anat.) An appendage of
the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled
into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.
Coch"le*ar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the cochlea.
\'d8Coch`le*a"re (?), n.
[L.] 1. A spoon.
Andrews.
2. (Med) A spoonful.
Dungleson.
Coc`le*ar"i*form (?), a.
[Cochleare + -form.]
Spoon-shaped.
Coch"le*a*ry (?), a. [L.
cochlearum penfor snails (meaning formerly given,
snail shell). See Cjchlea.] Same
as Cochleate.
{ Coch"le*ate (?), Coch"le*a`ted
(?), } a. [L.
cochleatus spiral or screw-formed. See
Cochlea.] Having the form of a snail shell;
spiral; turbinated.
Cock (?), n. [AS.
coc; of unkown origin, perh. in imitation of the cry
of the cock. Cf. Chicken.] 1. The
male of birds, particulary of gallinaceous or domestic
fowls.
2. A vane in the shape of a cock; a
weathercock.
Drenched our steeples, drowned the cocks!
Shak.
3. A chief man; a leader or master.
[Humorous]
Sir Andrew is the cock of the club, since he left
us.
Addison.
4. The crow of a cock, esp. the first crow in the
morning; cockcrow. [Obs.]
He begins at curfew, and walks till the first
cock.
Shak.
5. A faucet or valve.
cock on the top; things that were contrived to turn
seem anciently to have had that form, whatever was the
reason.\'b8 Skinner says, because it used to be constructed
in forma crit\'91 galli, i.e., in the form of a cock's
comb.
6. The style of gnomon of a dial.
Chambers.
7. The indicator of a balance.
Johnson.
8. The bridge piece which affords a bearing for the
pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.
Knight.
Ball cock. See under Ball. --
Chaparral cock. See under Chaparral.
-- Cock and bull story, an
extravagant, boastful story; a canard. --
Cock of the plains (Zo\'94l.) See
Sage cock. -- Cock of the rock
(Zo\'94l.), a South American bird (Rupicola
aurantia) having a beautiful crest. -- Cock of
the walk, a chief or master; the hero of the hour; one
who has overcrowed, or got the better of, rivals or
competitors. -- Cock of the woods. See
Capercailzie.
Cock (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cocked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Cocking.]
[Cf. Gael. coc to cock.] 1.
To set erect; to turn up.
Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears.
Gay.
Dick would cock his nose in scorn.
Swift.
2. To shape, as a hat, by turning up the
brim.
3. To set on one side in a pert or jaunty
manner.
They cocked their hats in each other's faces.
Macaulay.
4. To turn (the eye) obliquely and partially close
its lid, as an expression of derision or insinuation.
Cocked hat. (a) A hat with large,
stiff flaps turned up to a peaked crown, thus making its form
triangular; -- called also three-cornered
hat<-- or tricorn -->. (b) A game similar to
ninepins, except that only three pins are used, which are set up
at the angles of a triangle.
Cock, v. i. To strut; to swagger; to
look big, pert, or menacing.
Addison.
Cock, n. The act of cocking; also, the
turn so given; as, a cock of the eyes; to give a hat
a saucy cock.
Cock, n. [It. cocca notch of
an arrow.] 1. The notch of an arrow or
crossbow.
2. The hammer in the lock of a firearm.
At cock, At full cock,
with the hammer raised and ready to fire; -- said of
firearms, also, jocularly, of one prepared for instant
action. -- At half cock. See under
Half. -- Cock feather
(Archery), the feather of an arrow at right angles
to the direction of the cock or notch.
Nares.
Cock, v. t. To draw the hammer of (a
firearm) fully back and set it for firing.
Cock, v. i. To draw back the hammer of a
firearm, and set it for firing.
Cocked, fired, and missed his man.
Byron.
Cock, n. [Cf. Icel. k\'94kkr
lump, Dan. kok heap, or E. cock to set
erect.] A small concial pile of hay.
Cock, v. t. To put into cocks or heaps,
as hay.
Under the cocked hay.
Spenser.
Cock, n. [Of. coque, F.
coche, a small vessel, L. concha muscle
shell, a vessel. See Coach, and cf.Cog A small boat.
Yond tall anchoring bark [appears]
Diminished to her cock; her cock, a buoy
Almost too small for sight.
Shak.
Cock, n. A corruption or disguise of the
word God, used in oaths. [Obs.]
\'bdBy cock and pie.\'b8
Shak.
Cock*ade" (?), n. [F.
cocarble, fr. coquard vain, OF.
coquart, fr. coq cock, prob. of imitative
origin. The ornament is so named from its resemblance to the
crest of a cock. Cf. Coquette.] A badge,
usually in the form of a rosette, or knot, and generally worn
upon the hat; -- used as an indication of military or naval
service, or party allegiance, and in England as a part of the
livery to indicate that the wearer is the servant of a military
or naval officer.
Seduced by military liveries and cockades.
Burke.
Cock*ad"ed (?), a. Wearing a
cockade.
Young.
Cock`-a-hoop" (?), a. Boastful;
defiant; exulting. Also used adverbially.
Cock"al (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] 1. A game played with sheep's
bones instead of dice [Obs.]
2. The bone used in playing the game; -- called
also huckle bone. [Obs.]
Nares.
A little transverse bone
Which boys and bruckeled children call
(Playing for points and pins) cockal.
Herrick.
Cock`a*leek"ie (?), n. [From
cock + leek.] A favorite soup in
Scotland, made from a capon highly seasoned, and boiled with
leeks and prunes.
Cock`a*ma*roo" (?), n. The
Russian variety of bagatelle.
Cock"a*teel (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrot (Calopsitta
Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91); -- so called from its note.
Cock`a*too (?), n. [Malayan
kakat\'d4a.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird
of the Parrot family, of the subfamily Cacatuin\'91,
having a short, strong, and much curved beak, and the head
ornamented with a crest, which can be raised or depressed at
will. There are several genera and many species; as the
broad-crested (Plictolophus, ),
the sulphur-crested (P. galeritus), etc. The palm or
great black cockatoo of Australia is Microglossus
aterrimus.
Cock"a*trice (?; 277), n. [OF.
cocatrice crocodile, F. cocatrix,
cocatrice. The word is a corruption from the same
source as E. crocodile, but was confused with
cock the bird, F. coq, whence arose the
fable that the animal was produced from a cock's egg.
See Crocodile.]
<-- p. 273 -->
1. A fabulous serpent whose breath and look were
said to be fatal. See Basilisk.
That bare vowel, I, shall poison more
Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice.
Shak.
2. (Her.) A representation of this
serpent. It has the head, wings, and legs of a bird, and tail of
a serpent.
3. (Script.) A venomous serpent which
which cannot now be identified.
The weaned child shall put his hand on the
cockatrice's [Rev. Ver.
basilisk's] den.
Is. xi. 8.
4. Any venomous or deadly thing.
This little cockatrice of a king.
Bacon.
Cock"bill (?), v. t. [See
Cock to set erect.] (Naut.) To
tilt up one end of so as to make almost vertical; as, to
cockbill the yards as a sign of mourning.
To cockbill the anchor, to suspend it from the
cathead preparatory to letting it go. See
Acockbill.
Cock"boat` (?), n. [See
Cock a boat.] A small boat, esp. one used on
rivers or near the shore.
Cock"-brained` (?), a. Giddy;
rash.
Milton.
Cock"chaf`er (?), n. [See
Chafer the beetle.] (Zo\'94l.) A
beetle of the genus Melolontha (esp. M.
vulgaris) and allied genera; -- called also May
bug, chafer, or
dorbeetle.
{ Cock"crow (?), Cock"crow`ing,
} n. The time at which cooks first crow;
the early morning.
Cock"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cockered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cockering.] [OE. cokeren;
cf. W. cocru to indulge, fondle, E. cock
the bird, F. coqueliner to dandle (Cotgrave), to
imitate the crow of a cock, to run after the girls, and E.
cockle, v.] Th treat with too great
tenderness; to fondle; to indulge; to pamper.
Cocker thy child and he shall make thee afraid.
Ecclesiasticus xxx. 9.
Poor folks cannot afford to cocker themselves
up.
J. Ingelow.
Cock"er, n. [From Cock the
bird.] 1. One given to cockfighting.
[Obs.]
Steele.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small dog of the spaniel
kind, used for starting up woodcocks, etc.
Cock"er, n. [OE. coker
qyiver, boot, AS. cocer quiver; akin to G.
k\'94cher quiver, and perh. originally meaning
receptacle, holder. Cf. Quiver
(for arrows).] A rustic high shoe or half-boots.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Cock"er*el (?), n. [Prob. a
double dim. of cock.] A young cock.
Cock"et (?), a. [F.
coquet coquettish. See Coquette,
n.] Pert; saucy. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Cock"et, n. 1. (Eng. Law)
A customhouse seal; a certified document given to a shopper
as a warrant that his goods have been duly enstered and have paid
duty.
2. An office in a customhouse where goods intended
for export are entered. [Eng.]
3. A measure for bread. [Obs.]
Blount.
Cock"eye` (?), n. [From
cock to turn up.] A squinting eye.
Forby.
Cock"eye`, n. (Mach.) The
socket in the ball of a millstone, which sits on the
cockhead.
Cock"fight` (?), n. A match or
contest of gamecocks.
Cock"fight`ing, n. The act or practice
of pitting gamecocks to fight.
Cock"fight`ing, a. Addicted to
cockfighting.
Cock"head` (?), n.
(Mach.) The rounded or pointed top of a grinding
mill spindle, forming a pivot on which the stone is
balanced.
Cock"horse` (?), n. 1.
A child's rocking-horse.
Ride a cockhorse to Banbury cross.
Mother Goose.
2. A high or tall horse. [R.]
Cock"horse`, a. 1. Lifted up,
as one is on a tall horse.
2. Lofty in feeling; exultant; pround;
upstart.
Our painted fools and cockhorse peasantry.
Marlowe.
Cock`ie*leek"ie (?), n. Same as
Cockaleekie.
Cock"ing, n. Cockfighting.
Ben Jonson.
Coc"kle (?), n. [OE.
cockes cockles, AS. s sea cockles,
prob, from Celtic; cf. W. cocs cockles, Gael.
cochull husk. Perh. influenced by EF.
coquille shell, a dim. from the root of E.
conch. Cf. Coach.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A bivalve mollusk, with radiating
ribs, of the genus Cardium, especially C.
edule, used in Europe for food; -- sometimes applied to
similar shells of other genera.
2. A cockleshell.
3. The mineral black tourmaline or schorl; -- so
called by the Cornish miners.
Raymond.
4. The fire chamber of a furnace.
[Eng.]
Knight.
5. A hop-drying kiln; an oast.
Knight.
6. The dome of a heating furnace.
Knight.
Cockle hat, a hat ornamented with a
cockleshell, the badge of a pilgrim. Shak. --
Cockle stairs, winding or spiral stairs.
Coc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Cockled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cockling (?).] [Of
uncertian origin.] To cause to contract into wrinkles
or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting.
Cockling sea, waves dashing against each other
with a short and quick motion.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Coc"kle, n. [AS. coccel,
cocel; cf. Gael. cogall tares, husks,
cockle.] (Bot.) (a) A plant or
weed that grows among grain; the corn rose (Luchnis
Githage). (b) The Lotium, or
darnel.
Coc"kle*bur` (?), n.
(Bot.) A coarse, composite weed, having a rough
or prickly fruit; one of several species of the genus
Xanthium; -- called also
clotbur.
Coc"kled (?), a. Inclosed in a
shell.
The tender horns of cockled snails.
Shak.
Coc"kled, a. Wrinkled; puckered.
Showers soon drench the camlet's cockled grain.
Gay.
Coc"kler (?), n. One who takes
and sells cockles.
Coc"kle*shell` (?), n. 1.
One of the shells or valves of a cockle.
2. A light boat.
To board the cockleshell in those plunding
waters.
W. Black.
Cock"loft` (?; 115) n. [Prop.,
a loft where cocks roost.] An upper loft; a
garret; the highest room in a building.
Dryden. Swift.
Cock"mas`ter (?), n. One who
breeds gamecocks.
L'Estrange.
Cock"match` (?), n. A
cockfight.
Cock"ney (?), n.; pl.
Cockneys (#). [OE.
cocknay, cokenay, a spoiled child,
effeminate person, an egg; prob. orig. a cock's egg, a small
imperfect egg; OE. cok cock + nay,
neye, for ey egg (cf. Newt), AS.
\'91g. See 1st Cock, Egg,
n.] 1. An effeminate person; a
spoilt child. \'bdA young heir or cockney, that
is his mother's darling.\'b8
Nash (1592).
This great lubber, the world, will prove a
cockney.
Shak.
2. A native or resident of the city of London; --
used contemptuosly.
A cockney in a rural village was stared at as much
as if he had entered a kraal of Hottentots.
Macaulay.
Cock"ney, a. Of or relating to, or like,
cockneys.
Cock"ney*dom (?), n. The region
or home of cockneys; cockneys, collectively.
Thackeray.
Cock"ney*fi (?), v. t.
[Cockney + -fy.] To form
with the manners or character of a cockney.
[Colloq.]
Cock"ney*ish, a. Characteristic of, or
resembling, cockneys.
Cock"ney*ism (?), n. The
charasteristics, manners, or dialect, of a cockney.
Cock"-pad`le (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Lumpfish. [Scot.]
Cock"pit` (?), n. 1. A
pit, or inclosed area, for cockfights.
Henry the Eight had built . . . a cockpit.
Macaulay.
2. The Privy Council room at Westminster; -- so
called because built on the site of the cockpit of Whitehall
palace.
Brande & C.
3. (Naut.) (a) That part of a
war vessel appropriated to the wounded during an
engagement. (b) In yachts and other small
vessels, a space lower than the rest of the deck, which affords
easy access to the cabin.
Cock"roach (?), n. [Sp.
cucaracha.] (Zo\'94l.) An
orthopterus insect of the genus Blatta, and allied
genera.
Blatta orientalis, a large species
often called black beetle, and the Croton bug
(Ectobia Germanica).
Cocks"comb (?), n. [1st
cock, n. + comb crest.] 1.
See Coxcomb.
2. (Bot.) A plant (Celosia
cristata), of many varieties, cultivated for its broad,
fantastic spikes of brilliant flowers; -- sometimes called
garden cockscomb. Also the Pedicularis, or
lousewort, the Rhinanthus Crista-galli, and the
Onobrychis Crista-galli.
Cocks"head` (?), n. (Bot.) A
leguminous herb (Onobrychis Caput-galli), having small
spiny-crested pods.
Cock"shut` (?), n. A kind of
net to catch woodcock. [Obs.]
Nares.
Cockshut time light,
evening twilight; nightfall; -- so called in allusion to the
tome at which the cockshut used to be spread.
[Obs.]
Shak. B. Jonson.
Cock"shy` (?), n. 1. A
game in which trinkets are set upon sticks, to be thrown at by
the players; -- so called from an ancient popular sport which
consisted in \'bdshying\'b8 or throwing cudgels at live
cocks.
2. An object at which stones are flung.
\'bdMaking a cockshy of him,\'b8 replied the
hideous small boy.
Dickens.
Cock"spur (?), n. (Bot.)
A variety of Crat\'91gus, or hawthorn (C.
Crus-galli), having long, straight thorns; -- called also
Cockspur thorn.
Cock"sure` (?), a. 1.
Perfectly safe. [Obs.]
We steal as in a castle, cocksure: . . . we walk
invisible.
Shak.
2. Quite certain. [Colloq.]
I throught myself cocksure of the horse which he
readily promised me.
Pope.
Cock"swain (?, colloq. ?),
n. [Cock a boat + swain;
hence, the master of a boat.] The steersman of a boat;
a petty officer who has charge of a boat and its crew.
Cock"tail` (?), n. 1.
A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored,
and sweetened. [U. S.]
2. (Stock Breeding) A horse, not of pure
breed, but having only one eighth or one sixteenth impure blood
in his veins.
Darwin.
3. A mean, half-hearted fellow; a coward.
[Slang, Eng.]
It was in the second affair that poor little Barney showed he
was a cocktail.
Thackeray.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A species of rove beetle;
-- so called from its habit of elevating the tail.
Cock"up (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large, highly esteemed, edible fish
of India (Lates calcarifer); -- also called
begti.
Cock"weed (?), n. (Bot.)
Peppergrass.
Johnson.
Cock"y (?), a. [See
Cocket.] Pert. [Slang]
{ Co"co (?), n. Co"co
palm (?).} See Cocoa.
{ Co"coa (?), n., Co"coa
palm` (?) } [Sp. & Pg. coco
cocoanut, in Sp. also, cocoa palm. The Portuguese name is said
to have been given from the monkeylike face at the base of the
nut, fr. Pg. coco a bugbear, an ugly mask to frighten
children. Cf., however, Gr. (Bot.)
A palm tree producing the cocoanut (Cocos
nucifera). It grows in nearly all tropical countries,
attaining a height of sixty or eighty feet. The trunk is without
branches, and has a tuft of leaves at the top, each being fifteen
or twenty feet in length, and at the base of these the nuts hang
in clusters; the cocoanut tree.
Co"coa, n. [Corrupted fr.
cacao.] A preparation made from the seeds
of the chocolate tree, and used in making, a beverage; also the
beverage made from cocoa or cocoa shells.
Cocoa shells, the husks which separate from
the cacao seeds in preparing them for use.
Co"coa*nut` (?), n. The large,
hard-shelled nut of the cocoa palm. It yields an agreeable milky
liquid and a white meat or albumen much used as food and in
making oil.
{ \'d8Co`co*bo"lo (?),
Co`co*bo"las (?) }, n.
[Sp. cocobolo.] (Bot.) A
very beautiful and hard wood, obtained in the West India Islands.
It is used in cabinetmaking, for the handles of tools, and for
various fancy articles.
Co*coon" (?), n. [F.
cocon, dim. of coque shell of egge and
insects, fr. L. concha mussel shell. See
Conch.] 1. An oblong case in which
the silkworn lies in its chrysalis state. It is formed of threads
of silk spun by the worm just before leaving the larval state.
From these the silk of commerce is prepared.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The case
constructed by any insect to contain its larva or pupa.
(b) The case of silk made by spiders to protect
their eggs. (c) The egg cases of mucus, etc.,
made by leeches and other worms.
Co*coon"er*y (?), n. A building
or apartment for silkworms, when feeding and forming
cocoons.
Coc"ti*ble (?), a. [See
Coctile.] Capable of being cooked.
Blount.
Coc"tile (?), a. [L.
coctilis, fr. coguere. See
Cook.] Made by baking, or exposing to heat,
as a brick.
Coc"tion (?), n. [L.
coctio.] 1. Act of boiling.
2. (Med.) (a) Digestion.
[Obs.] (b) The change which the
humorists believed morbific matter undergoes before
elimination. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
Co"cus wood` (?). A West Indian wood, used
for making flutes and other musical instruments.
Cod (?), n. [AS.
codd small bag; akin to Icel. koddi pillow,
Sw. kudde cushion; cf. W. cod,
ciod, bag, shell.]
1. A husk; a pod; as, a
peascod. [Eng.]
Mortimer.
2. A small bag or pouch. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
3. The scortum.
Dunglison.
4. A pillow or cushion. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cod, n. [Cf. G. gadde, and
(in Heligoland) gadden, L. gadus
merlangus.] (Zo\'94l.) An important edible
fish (Gadus morrhua), Taken in immense numbers on the
northern coasts of Europe and America. It is especially abundant
and large on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. It is salted and
dried in large quantities.
shore
cod, from shallow water; bank cod, from
the distant banks; and rock cod, which is found
among ledges, and is often dark brown or mottled with red. The
tomcod is a distinct species of small size. The
bastard, blue,
buffalo, or cultus cod of the
Pacific coast belongs to a distinct family. See Buffalo
cod, under Buffalo.
Cod fishery, the business of fishing for
cod. -- Cod line, an eighteen-thread line
used in catching codfish.
McElrath.
\'d8Co"da (?), n. [It., tail,
fr. L. cauda.] (Mus.) A few
measures added beyond the natural termination of a
composition.
Cod"der (?), n. A gatherer of
cods or peas. [Obs. or Prov.]
Johnson.
Cod"ding (?), a. Lustful.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Cod"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coddled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Coddling
(?).] [Cf. Prov. E.
caddle to coax, spoil, fondle, and Cade,
a. & v. t.] [Written also
codle.] 1. To parboil, or soften
by boiling.
It [the guava fruit] may be coddled.
Dampier.
2. To treat with excessive tenderness; to
pamper.
How many of our English princes have been coddled
at home by their fond papas and mammas!
Thackeray.
He [Lord Byron] never coddled his reputation.
Southey.
Cod"dy*mod"dy (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A gull in the plumage of its first
year.
Code (?), n. [F., fr. L.
codex, caudex, the stock or
1. A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in
which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts
are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public
authority; a digest.
The
Code\'b8
Wharton.
2. Any system of rules or regulations relating to
one subject; as, the medical code, a system of rules
for the regulation of the professional conduct of physicians; the
naval code, a system of rules for making communications
at sea means of signals.
Code civil Code
Napoleon, a code enacted in France in 1803 and
1804, embodying the law of rights of persons and of property
generally.
Abbot.
Co`de*fend"ant (?), n. A joint
defendant.
Blackstone.
Co*de"ine (?), n. [Gr. cod.]
(Chem.) One of the opium alkaloids; a white
crystalline substance, C18H21NO3, similar to and
regarded as a derivative of morphine, but much feebler in its
action; -- called also codeia.
\'d8Co*det"ta (?), n. [It.,
dim. of coda tail.] (Mus.) A short
passage connecting two sections, but not forming part of either;
a short coda.
\'d8Co"dex (?), n.; pl.
Codices (#). [L. See
Code.] 1. A book; a
manuscript.
2. A collection or digest of laws; a code.
Burrill.
3. An ancient manuscript of the Sacred Scriptures,
or any part of them, particularly the New Testament.
4. A collection of canons.
Shipley.
Cod"fish (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of fish. Same as
Cod.
Codg"er (?), n. [Cf.
Cadger.] 1. A miser or mean
person.
2. A singular or odd person; -- a familiar,
humorous, or depreciatory appellation.
[Colloq.]
A few of us old codgers met at the fireside.
Emerson.
Cod"i*cal (?), a. Ralating to a
codex, or a code.
Cod"i*cil (?), n. [L.
codicillus, dim. of codex: cf. F.
codicille. See Code.] (Law)
A clause added to a will.
Cod`i*cil"la*ry (?), a. [L.
codicillaris, codicillarius.] Of
the nature of a codicil.
Co`di*fi*ca"tion (? , n.
[Cf. F. codification.] The act or
process of codifying or reducing laws to a code.
Co"di*fi`er (? , n. One
who codifies.
Co"di*fy (? , v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Codified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Codifying.] [Code +
-fy: cf. F. codifier.] To reduce
to a code, as laws.
Co*dil"la (?), n. [Cf. L.
codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda
tail.] (Com.) The coarse tow of flax and
hemp.
McElrath.
Co*dille" (?), n. [F.
codile.] A term at omber, signifying that
the game is won.
Pope.
Co"dist (?), n. A codifier; a
maker of codes. [R.]
Co"dle (?), v. t. See
Coddle.
{ Cod"lin (?), Cod"ling
(?) }, n. [Cf. AS.
cod\'91ppel a quince.] (a) An
apple fit to stew or coddle. (b) An immature
apple.
A codling when 't is almost an apple.
Shak.
Codling moth (Zo\'94l.), a small
moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in the larval state
(known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often doing
great damage to the crop.
Cod"ling, n. [Dim. of cod the
fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A young cod; also, a
hake.
Cod" liv`er (?), n. The liver
of the common cod and allied species.
Cod-liver oil, an oil obtained fron the liver
of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of
supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.
Cod"piece` (?), n.
[Cod, n., piece.] A
part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very
conspicuous.
Shak. Fosbroke.
C\'d2*cil"i*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See C\'91cilian.
Co*ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n. An
educating together, as of persons of different sexes or
races.<-- usu. of different sexes. -->
Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (,
a.
Co*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. Joint
efficacy.
Co`ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. Joint
efficiency; co\'94peration.
Glanvill.
Co`ef*fi"cient (?), a.
Co\'94perating; acting together to produce an effect.
Co`ef*fi"cient*ly,
adv.
Co`ef*fi"cient, n. 1. That
which unites in action with something else to produce the same
effect.
2. [Cf. F. coefficient.]
(Math.) A number or letter put before a letter or
quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is
to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and
b are coefficients of x.
3. (Physics) A number, commonly used in
computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or
effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length,
volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the
coefficient of friction.
Arbitrary coefficient (Math.), a
literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic,
expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards
determined by the conditions of the problem.
Coe"horn (?), n. [From its
inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.)
A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with
handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two
men.
C\'d2l"a*canth (? or , a.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.
{ \'d8C\'d2*len"te*ra (?) \'d8C\'d2*len`te*ra"ta, } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive group of Invertebrata,
mostly marine, comprising the Anthozoa,
Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name implies
that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is
sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.
C\'d2*len"ter*ate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the C\'d2lentra. --
n. One of the C\'d2lentera.
\'d8C\'d2"li*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Anat.) A cavity.
epic\'d2lia, mesoc\'d2lia,
metac\'d2lia, proc\'d2lia, etc.
B. G. Wilder.
{ C\'d2"li*ac, Ce"li*ac (?),
} a. [L. coeliacus, Gr. Relating to the abdomen,
or to the cavity of the abdomen.
C\'d2liac artery (Anat.), the
artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; --
called also c\'d2liac axis. --
C\'d2liac flux, C\'d2liac
passion (Med.), a chronic flux or
diarrhea of undigested food.
C\'d2"lo*dont (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Having hollow teeth; -- said of a group lizards. --
n. One of a group of lizards having hollow
teeth.
C\'d2l`o*sper"mous (? , a.
[Gr. (Bot.)
Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike
carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.
\'d8C\'d2"lum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)
See Body cavity, under Body.
Co*emp"tion (?; 215), n. [L.
co\'89mptio, fr. co\'89mere to buy up. See
Emption.] The act of buying the whole
quantity of any commodity. [R.]
Bacon.
\'d8Co*en"doo (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Brazilian porcupine
(Cercolades, ), remarkable
for its prehensile tail.
{ C\'d2*nen"chym (?),
\'d8C\'d2*nen"chy*ma (?) } n.
[NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr. parenchyma.]
(Zo\'94l.) The common tissue which unites the
polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft
or more or less ossified. See Coral.
\'d8C\'d2n`es*the"sis (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Physiol.) Common sensation or general
sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which
are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and
ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.
C\'d2n"o*bite (? , n.
See Cenobite.
\'d8C\'d2*n\'d2"ci*um (? , n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common tissue which unites the
various zooids of a bryozoan.
C\'d2*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr.
The state of a
community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its
members; -- as in certain primitive tribes or communistic
societies. [Written also
cenogamy.]
C\'d2n"o*sarc (? , n.
[Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The common soft tissue which unites
the polyps of a compound hydroid. See Hydroidea.
\'d8C\'d2*nu"rus (?), n. [NL.
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
larval stage of a tapeworm (T\'91nia c\'d2nurus) which
forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal
disease known as water brain, vertigo,
staggers or gid.
Co*e"qual (?), a. [L.
coaequalis; co- + aequalis
equal.] Being on an equality in rank or power.
-- n. One who is on an equality with
another.
In once he come to be a cardinal,
He'll make his cap coequal with the crown.
Shak.
Co`e*qual"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.
Co*e"qual*ly (?), adv. With
coequality.
Co*erce" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Coerced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coercing.] [L. co\'89rcere;
co- + arcere to shut up, to press together.
See Ark.] 1. To restrain by force,
especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.
Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this
profligate sort.
Ayliffe.
2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to
coerce a man to vote for a certain candidate.
3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce
obedience.
Syn. -- To Coerce, Compel.
To compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be
resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force;
as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse
circumstances; compelled by parental affection.
Coerce had at first only the negative sense of
checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a bad
man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained
a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the
performance of some act which is required of him by another; as,
to coerce a man to sign a contract; to
coerce obedience. In this sense (which is now the
prevailing one), coerce differs but little from
compel, and yet there is a distinction between them.
Coercion is usually acomplished by indirect means, as
threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely
employed in coercing.
Co"er"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of
being coerced.
-- Co*er"ci*ble*ness,
n.
Co*er"cion (?), n. [L.
coercio, fr. coercere. See
Coerce.] 1. The act or process of
coercing.
2. (Law) The application to another of
either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and
cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so
far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then
the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it,
unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At
the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission
under force. \'bdCoactus volui\'b8 (I consented under compulsion)
is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by
coercion, annuls the result of such coercion.
Wharton.
Co*er"ci*tive (?), a.
Coercive. \'bdCoercitive power in laws.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Co*er"cive (?), a. Serving or
intended to coerce; having power to constrain.
-- Co*er"cive*ly, adv. --
Co*er"cive*ness, n.
Coercive power can only influence us to outward
practice.
Bp. Warburton.
Coercive Coercitive
force (Magnetism), the power or force
which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in
imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the
return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has
ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the
metal.
Nichol.
The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is
sometimes called coercive force.
S. Thompson.
C\'d2`ru*lig"none (?), n. [L.
coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E.
quinone.] (Chem.) A bluish
violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of
crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone
derivative of diphenyl; -- called also
cedriret.
Co`es*sen"tial (?), a.
Partaking of the same essence. --
Co`es*sen"tial*ly,
adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit,
eternally proceeding from both [The Father and the Son].
Hooker.
Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty (? ,
n. Participation of the same essence.
Johnson.
Co`es*tab"lish*ment (?), n.
Joint establishment.
Bp. Watson.
Co`es*tate" (?), n. Joint
estate.
Smolett.
Co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. A
personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary.
[R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of
Southampto
Aubrey.
Co`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
coaetaneus; co- + aetas
age.] Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same
time; contemporaneous.
-- Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly,
adv.
And all [members of the body] are coetaneous.
Bentley.
Co`e*ter"nal (?), a. Equally
eternal. -- Co`e*ter"nal*ly,
adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born!
Or of the Eternal coeternal beam.
Milton.
Co`e*ter"ni*ty (?), n.
Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being;
equal eternity.
Co*e"val (?), a. [L.
coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime,
age. See Age, n.] Of the same age;
existing during the same period of time, especially time long and
remote; -- usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity!
Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade.
Cowper.
Co*e"val, n. One of the same age; a
contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your
coevals in wit.
Pope.
Co*e"vous (?), a. Coeaval
[Obs.]
South.
Co`ex*ec"u*tor (?), n. A joint
executor.
Co`ex*ec"u*trix (?), n. A joint
executrix.
Co`ex*ist (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Coexisting.] To
exist at the same time; -- sometimes followed by
with.
Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of
certain simple ideas coexisting together.
Locke.
So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with
so much decay and so many infirmities.
Warburton.
Co`ex*ist"ence (?), n.
Existence at the same time with another; -- contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of
any condition.
Jer. Taylor.
Co`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing
at the same time with another. -- n.
That which coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations.
Whewell.
Co`ex*ist"ing, a. Coexistent.
Locke.
Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coextending.] To extend through the
same space or time with another; to extend to the same
degree.
According to which the least body may be coextended
with the greatest.
Boyle.
Has your English language one single word that is
coextended through all these significations?
Bentley.
Co`ex*ten"sion (?), n. The act
of extending equally, or the state of being equally
extended.
Co`ex*ten"sive (?), a. Equally
extensive; having as, consciousness and knowledge
are coextensive.
Sir W. Hamilton. -
- Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv. --
Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.
Cof"fee (?; 115), n. [Turk.
qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a
decoction of berries. Cf. Caf\'82.] 1.
The \'bdbeans\'b8 or \'bdberries\'b8 (pyrenes) obtained from
the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus
Coffea, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and
other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical
America.
2. The coffee tree.
Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and
C. Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in
clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or
purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two
pyrenes, commercially called \'bdbeans\'b8 or
\'bdberries\'b8.
3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground
berry.
They have in Turkey a drink called coffee . . .
This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth
digestion.
Bacon.
coffee is said to have been
introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened
in Oxford and London.
Coffee bug (Zo\'94l.), a species of
scale insect (Lecanium coff\'91a), often very
injurious to the coffee tree. -- Coffee rat
(Zo\'94l.) See Musang.
Cof"fee*house` (?), n. A house
of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other
refreshments, and where men meet for conversation.
The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a
cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not
improperly called a most important political institution . . .
The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which
the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every
man of the upper or middle class went daily to his
coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every
coffeehouse had one or more orators, to whose
eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became
what the journalists of our own time have been called -- a fourth
estate of the realm.
Macaulay.
Cof"fee*man (?), n. One who
keeps a coffeehouse.
Addison.
Cof"fee*pot (?), n. A covered
pot im which coffee is prepared,
Cof"fee*room` (?), n. A public
room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.
Cof"fer (?; 115), n. [OF.
cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus
basket, fr. Gr. Coffin, n.]
1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used
for keeping money or other valuables.
Chaucer.
In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns.
Shak.
2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; -- usually in the
plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's
coffers, for honor sake.
Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer.
Shak.
3. (Arch.) A panel deeply recessed in
the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.
4. (Fort.) A trench dug in the botton of
a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to
defend it by a raking fire.
5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or
a cofferdam.
Coffer dam. (Engin.) See
Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. -- Coffer
fish. (Zo\'94l.) See
Cowfish.
Cof"fer, v. t. 1. To put into a
coffer.
Bacon.
2. (Mining.) To secure from leaking, as
a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering.
Raymond.
3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to
turnish with a coffer or coffers.
Cof"fer*dam (?), n. A
water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which
the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and
permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.
Cof"fer*er (?), n. One who
keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]
Cof"fer*work` (?), n.
(Masonry) Rubblework faced with stone.
Knight.
Cof"fin (?; 115), n. [OE., a
basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L.
cophinus. See Coffer, n.]
1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed
for burial.
They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a
coffin.
Gen. 1. 26.
2. A basket. [Obs.]
Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).
3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for
a pie.
Of the paste a coffin I will rear.
Shak.
4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers.
[Obs.]
Nares.
5. (Far.) The hollow crust or hoof of a
horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin
bone.
Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse and
allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to
the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most
mammals. -- Coffin joint, the joint next
above the coffin bone.
Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coffined (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coffining.] To inclose in, or
as in, a coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined
home?
Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell.
John Hall (1646).
Cof"fin*less, a. Having no coffin.
Cof"fle (?; 115), n. [Ar.
kafala caravan.] A gang of negro slaves
being driven to market.
Cog (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Cogged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Cogging.] [Cf. W.
coegio to make void, to beceive, from coeg
empty, vain, foolish. Cf. Coax, v. t.]
1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice,
or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat.
[R.]
I'll . . . cog their hearts from them.
Shak.
2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or
deception; as, to cog in a word; to palm
off. [R.]
Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been
cogged upon the town for masterpieces.
J. Dennis
To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in
playing dice.
Swift.
Cog (?), v. i. To deceive; to
cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches,
Your gamesters will palm and will cog.
Swift.
Cog, n. A trick or deception; a
falsehood.
Wm. Watson.
Cog, n. [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog,
or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.] 1.
(Mech.) A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or
receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a
shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in
the face of a wheel.
2. (Carp.) (a) A kind of tenon
on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber,
and resting flush with its upper surface. (b)
A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak.
Knight.
3. (Mining.) One of the rough pillars of
stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.
Cog, v. t. To furnish with a cog or
cogs.
Cogged breath sound (Auscultation),
a form of interrupted respiration, in which the interruptions
are very even, three or four to each inspiration.
Quain.
Cog, n. [OE. cogge; cf. D.
kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a
boat.] A small fishing boat.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Co"gen*cy (?), n. [See
Cogent.] The quality of being cogent; power
of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force.
An antecedent argument of extreme cogency.
J. H. Newman.
Co*ge"ni*al (?), a.
Congenial. [Obs.]
Co"gent (?), a. [L.
cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together,
to force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent,
a., and cf. Coact to force,
Coagulate, p. a.]
1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful.
[Obs.]
The cogent force of nature.
Prior.
2. Having the power to compel conviction or move
the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not
easily reasisted.
No better nor more cogent reason.
Dr. H. More.
Proofs of the most cogent description.
Tyndall.
The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands,
Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong;
persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.
Co"gent*ly, adv. In a cogent manner;
forcibly; convincigly; conclusively.
Locke.
Cog"ger (?), n. [From
Cog to wheedle.] A flatterer or deceiver; a
sharper.
Cog"ger*y, n. Trick; deception.
Bp. Watson.
Cog"gle (?), n. [See
Cog small boat.] A small fishing boat.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Cog"gle, n. [Cf. Cobble a
cobblestone.] A cobblestone. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.
Cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L.
cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.]
Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or
idea; conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth
of divine power.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Cog"i*ta*bund` (?), a. [L.
cogitabundus.] Full of thought;
thoughtful. [R.]
Leigh Hunt.
Cog"i*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cogitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cogitating.] [L. cogitatus,
p. p. of cogitare to reflect upon, prob. fr.
co- + the root of aio I say; hence, prop.,
to discuss with one's self. Cf. Adage.] To
engage in continuous thought; to think.
He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression
or recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and he
that employeth the faculty of his fancy also
cogitateth.
Bacon.
Cog"i*tate, v. t. To think over; to
plan.
He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving
in our minds, did cogitate nothing more than how to
satisfy the parts of a good pastor.
Foxe.
Cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.]
The act of thinking; thought; meditation;
contemplation. \'bdFixed in cogitation deep.\'b8
Milton.
Cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL.
cogitativus.] 1. Possessing, or
pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating.
\'bdCogitative faculties.\'b8
Wollaston.
2. Given to thought or contemplation.
Sir H. Wotton.
Cog"man (?), n. A dealer in
cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.]
Wright.
Co"gnac` (?), n. [F.]
A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of
Cognac.
Cog"nate (?), a. [L.
cognatus; co- + gnatus,
natus, p. p. of nasci, anciently
gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf.
Connate.] 1. Allied by blood;
kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the
mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same
family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred;
as, a cognate language.
Cog"nate, n. 1. (Law)
One who is related to another on the female side.
Wharton.
2. One of a number of things allied in origin or
nature; as, certain letters are cognates.
Cog"nate*ness, n. The state of being
cognate.
\'d8Cog*na"ti (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Law) Relatives by the mother's
side.
Wharton.
Cog*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognatio.] 1. Relationship by
blood; descent from the same original; kindred.
As by our cognation to the body of the first
Adam.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Participation of the same nature.
Sir T. Browne.
A like temper and cognation.
Sir K. Digby.
3. (Law) That tie of consanguinity which
exists between persons descended from the same mother; -- used in
distinction from agnation.
\'d8Cog*na"tus (?), n. [L., a
kinsman.] (Law) A person cinnected through
cognation.
{ Cog`ni*sor" (? ,
Cog`ni*see (?), } n. See
Cognizor, Cognizee.
Cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
cognitio, fr. cognoscere,
cognitum, to become acquainted with, to know;
co- + noscere, gnoscere, to get
a knowledge of. See Know, v. t.]
1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception.
I will not be myself nor have cognation
Of what I feel: I am all patience.
Shak.
2. That which is known.
Cog"ni*tive (?), a. Knowing, or
apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive
power.
South.
Cog"ni*za*ble (? , a.
[F. connaissable, fr. conna\'8ctre to
know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.] 1.
Capable of being known or apprehended; as,
cognizable causes.
2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial
investigation; capable of being judicially heard and
determined.
Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular
courts.
Ayliffe.
Cog"ni*za*bly, adv. In a cognizable
manner.
Cog"ni*zance (? , n.
[OF. conissance, conoissance, F.
conaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L.
cognoscere to know. See Cognition, and cf.
Cognoscence, Connoisseur.] 1.
Apprehension by the understanding; perception;
observation.
Within the cognizance and lying under the control
of their divine Governor.
Bp. Hurd
2. Recollection; recognition.
Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance,
Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance.
Spenser.
3. (Law) (a) Jurisdiction, or
the power given by law to hear and decide controversies.
(b) The hearing a matter judicially.
(c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and
tenements or confession of a thing done.
[Eng.] (d) A form of defense in the
action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods
were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as
servant for another. [Eng.]
Cowell. Mozley & W.
4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight,
usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers:
Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to
indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by
which a thing may be known.
Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their
master.
Prescott.
This pale and angry rose,
As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate.
Shak.
Cog"ni*zant (? , a. [See
Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.]
Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).
Cog"nize (?), v. t. [Cf.
Cognizant, Recognize.] To know or
perceive; to recognize.
The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are
cognized by it.
H. Spencer.
Cog`ni*zee" (? , n.
(Law) One to whom a fine of land was
ackowledged.
Blackstone.
Cog`ni*zor (?), n. [See
Cognizance.] (Law) One who
ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the
defendant.
Blackstone.
Cog*no"men (?), n. [L.:
co- + (g)nomen name.]
1. The last of the three names of a person among
the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.
2. (Eng. Law) A surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.
Cog*nom"i*nal, n. One bearing the same
name; a namesake. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Cog*nom`i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
cognominatio.] A cognomen or surname.
[R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"cence (?), n. [LL.
cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]
Cognizance. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Cog`nos*cen"te (?), n.; pl.
Cognoscenti (#). [OIt.
cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It.
conoscere to know.] A conoisseur.
Mason.
Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being cognoscible.
Cudworth.
Cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being known. \'bdMatters intelligible and
cognoscible.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Liable to judicial investigation.
Jer. Taylor.
Cog*nos"ci*tive (?), a. Having
the power of knowing. [Obs.] \'bdAn innate
cognoscitive power.\'b8
Cudworth.
\'d8Cog*no"vit (?), n. [L., he
has acknowledged.] (Law) An instrument in
writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a
plaintiff's demand to be just.
Mozley & W.
Co*guard"i*an (?), n. A joint
guardian.
Cogue (?), n. [Cf. Cog
a small boat.] A small wooden vessel; a pail.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Cog"ware` (?), n. A coarse,
narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the
sixteenth century.
Halliwell.
Cog"wheel` (?), n. A wheel with
cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
Gearing.
Co*hab"it (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cohabited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohabiting.] [L.
cohabitare; co- + habitare to
dwell, to have possession of (a place), freg. of
habere to have. See Habit, n. &
v.] 1. To inhabit or reside in
company, or in the same place or country.
The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they
were not able to cohabit with that holy thing.
South.
2. To dwell or live together as husband and
wife.
The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit
together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place
between them.
Bouvier.
cohabit
permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be
husband and wife, and admitting the relationship.
Wharton.
Co*hab"it*ant (?), n. [L.
cohabitans, p. pr.] One who dwells with
another, or in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable
cohabitants with the Saxons in England.
Sir W. Raleigh.
<-- p. 276 -->
Co*hab"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
cohabitatio.] 1. The act or state
of dwelling together, or in the same place with another.
Feltham.
2. (Law) The living together of a man
and woman in supposed sexual relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released by the
cruelty of one of the parties is admitted.
Lord Stowell.
Co*hab"it*er (?), n. A
cohabitant.
Hobbes.
Co*heir (?), n. A joint heir;
one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an
inheritance.
Co*heir"ess (?), n. A female
heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.
Co*heir"ship, n. The state of being a
coheir.
Co*her"ald (?), n. A joint
herald.
Co*here" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Cohered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cohering
(?).] [L. cohaerere,
cohaesum; co- + haerere to
stick, adhere. See Aghast, a.]
1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to
hold fast, as parts of the same mass.
Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are
united or cohere together.
Locke.
2. To be united or connected together in
subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically,
as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of
reasoning; to be logically consistent.
They have been inserted where they best seemed to
cohere.
Burke.
3. To suit; to agree; to fit.
[Obs.]
Had time cohered with place, or place with
wishing.
Shak.
Syn. -- To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit;
be consistent.
{ Co*her"ence (?), Co*her"en*cy
(?) }, n. [L.
cohaerentia: cf. F. coh\'82rence.]
1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts
of the same body; cohesion.
2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the
subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or
purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of
philosophy; consecutiveness.
Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of
all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently
to be found in him.
Locke.
Co*her"ent (?), a. [L.
cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.]
1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of
bodies; solid or fluid.
Arbuthnot.
2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a
logical whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan,
argument, or discourse.
3. Logically consistent; -- applied to persons;
as, a coherent thinker.
Watts.
4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant.
[Obs.]
Instruct my daughter how she shall persever,
That time and place, with this deceit so lawful,
May prove coherent.
Shak.
Co*her"ent*ly, adv. In a coherent
manner.
Co*he`si*bil"i*ty (? , n.
The state of being cohesible.
Good.
Co*he"si*ble (?), a. Capable of
cohesion.
Co*he"sion (?), n. [Cf. F.
coh\'82sion. See Cohere.] 1.
The act or state of sticking together; close union.
2. (Physics) That from of attraction by
which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass,
whether like or unlike; -- distinguished from
adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent
surfaces.
Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion,
which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid.
Arbuthnot.
3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the
cohesion of ideas.
Locke.
Co*he"sive (?), a. 1.
Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together;
as, cohesive attraction; producing cohesion;
as, a cohesive force.
2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass;
capable of cohering; tending to cohere; as, cohesive
clay.
Cohesive attraction. See under
Attraction.
-- Co*he"sive*ly, adv. --
Co*he"sive*ness, n.
Co*hib"it (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cohibited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohibiting.] [L.
cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to confine;
co- + habere to hold.] To
restrain. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Co`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L.
cohibitio.] Hindrance; restraint.
[Obs.]
Co`ho*bate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Cohobated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Cohobating.] [LL.
cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F.
cohober.] (Anc. Chem.) To repeat
the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter
remaining in the vessel.
Arbuthnot.
Co`ho*ba"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.) The
process of cohobating.
Grew.
Co"horn (?), n. (Mil.)
See Coehorn.
Co"hort (?), n. [L.
cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte.
See Court, n.] 1. (Rom.
Antiq.) A body of about five or six hundred soldiers;
the tenth part of a legion.
2. Any band or body of warriors.
With him the cohort bright
Of watchful cherubim.
Milton.
3. (Bot.) A natural group of orders of
plants, less comprehensive than a class.
Co"hosh (?), n. (Bot.)
A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum
thalictroides), whose roostock is used in medicine; -- also
called pappoose root. The name is sometimes
also given to the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two
species of Act\'91a, plants of the Crowfoot
family.
Coif (koif), n. [OF.
coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea,
cuphia, fr. OHG. kuppa, kuppha,
miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See Cup,
n. ; but cf. also Cop, Cuff the
article of dress, Quoif, n.] A
cap. Specifically: (a) A close-fitting cap covering the
sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. (b)
An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in
England. [Writting also quoif.]
From point and saucy ermine down
To the plain coif and russet gown.
H. Brocke.
The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude,
nor need be of the degree of the coif, yet are they
considerable.
Bacon.
Coif (koif), v. t. [Cf. F.
coiffer.] To cover or dress with, or as
with, a coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers.
J. G. Cooper.
Coifed (koift), a. Wearing a
coif.
Coif"fure (?), n. [F., fr.
coiffer. See Coif.] A headdress,
or manner of dressing the hair.
Addison.
Coigne (koin), n. [See
Coin, n.] A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol? yon corner
stone?
Shak.
{ Coigne, Coign"y (?), }
n. The practice of quartering one's self as
landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on
anybody. [Ireland]
Spenser.
Coil (koil), v.t.
[imp. & p. p. Coiled (koild);
p. pr. & vb. n. Coiling.]
[OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect,
gather together, L. coligere; col- +
legere to gather. See Legend, and cf.
Cull, v. t., Collect.]
1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to
coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled
itself before springing.
2. To encircle and hold with, or as with,
coils. [Obs. or R.]
T. Edwards.
Coil, v. i. To wind itself cylindrically
or spirally; to form a coil; to wind; -- often with
about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . .
Coiting, playing in the water.
Longfellow.
Coil, n. 1. A ring, series of
rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other like thing, is
wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from
trec to tree.
W. Irving.
2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh;
perplexity.
3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers,
as in a steam heating apparatus.
Induction coil. (Elec.) See under
Induction. -- Ruhmkorff's coil
(Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called
from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer
of the apparatus.
Coil, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.
goil fume, rage.] A noise, tumult, bustle,
or confusion. [Obs.]
Shak.
Coi"lon (?), n. [F. See
Cullion.] A testicle.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Coin (koin), n. [F.
coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp,
corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E.
cone, hone. See Hone,
n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin,
Cuneiform.] 1. A quoin; a corner or
external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and
Quoin.
2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are
stamped by government authority, making it legally current as
money; -- much used in a collective sense.
It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current
coin of the realm.
Hallam.
3. That which serves for payment or
recompense.
The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in
a nobler coin.
Hammond.
Coin balance. See Illust. of
Balance. -- To pay one in his own coin,
to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as
has been received from him. [Colloq.]
Coin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb.
n. Coining.] 1. To make
of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of
metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver
dollars; to coin a medal.
2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate;
as, to coin a word.
Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined,
To soothe his sister and delude her mind.
Dryden.
3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make.
Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day.
Locke.
Coin, v. i. To manufacture counterfeit
money.
They cannot touch me for coining.
Shak.
Coin"age (?), n. [From
Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]
1. The act or process of converting metal into
money.
The care of the coinage was committed to the
inferior magistrates.
Arbuthnot.
2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or
place.
3. The cost or expense of coining money.
4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing;
formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged.
\'bdUnnecessary coinage . . . of words.\'b8
Dryden.
This is the very coinage of your brain.
Shak.
Co`in*cide" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Coincided
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coinciding.] [L. co- +
incidere to fall on; in + cadere to fall:
cf. F. co\'8bncider. See Chance,
n.] 1. To occupy the same place in
space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the
other.
If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it
would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth
useless.
Cheyne.
2. To occur at the same time; to be
contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided
with the discovery of America.
3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur;
as, our aims coincide.
The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often
coincide with each other.
Watts.
Co*in"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F.
co\'8bncidence.] 1. The condition
of occupying the same place in space; as, the
coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc.
Bentley.
2. The condition or fact of happening at the same
time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John
Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
3. Exact correspondence in nature, character,
result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement.
The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many
evidences . . . carries a great weight.
Sir M. Hale.
Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm
a perfect coincidence between truth and goodness.
South.
Co*in"ci*ben*cy (?), n.
Coincidence. [R.]
Co*in"ci*dent (?), a. [Cf. F.
co\'8bncident.] Having coincidence;
occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; --
followed by with.
Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable
to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of a
virtuous and well-inclined man.
South.
Co*in"ci*dent (?), n. One of
two or more coincident events; a coincidence.
[R.] \'bdCoincidents and accidents.\'b8
Froude.
Co*in`ci*den"tal (?), a.
Coincident.
Co*in"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. With
coincidence.
Co`in*cid"er (?), n. One who
coincides with another in an opinion.
Co*in`di*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. co\'8bdication.] One of several signs or
sumptoms indicating the same fact; as, a
coindication of disease.
Coin"er (?), n. 1. One
who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; -- usually, a maker
of counterfeit money.
Precautions such as are employed by coiners and
receivers of stolen goods.
Macaulay.
2. An inventor or maker, as of words.
Camden.
Co`in*hab"it*ant (?), n. One
who dwells with another, or with others.
\'bdCoinhabitants of the same element.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Co`in*here" (?), v. i. To
inhere or exist together, as in one substance.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Co`in*her"it*ance (?), n. Joint
inheritance.
Co`in*her"it*or (?), n. A
coheir.
Co`in*i"tial (?), a.
(Math.) Having a common beginning.
Co*in"qui*nate (?), v. t. [L.
coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to
defile. See Inquinate.] Topollute.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Co*in`qui*na"tion (?), n.
Defilement. [Obs.]
Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous (?), a.
Happening at the same instant.
C. Darwin.
Co`intense" (?), a. Equal in
intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and
8 and 16, are cointense.
H. Spencer.
Co`in*ten"sion (?), n. The
condition of being of equal in intensity; -- applied to
relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of
cointension.
Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality
of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms.
H. Spencer.
Coir (koir), n. [Tamil
kayiru.] 1. A material for
cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the
outer husk of the cocoanut.
Homans.
2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.
Cois"tril (?), n. [Prob. from
OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf.
Custrel.] 1. An inferior groom or
lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other
necessaries. [Written also
coistrel.]
2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Coit (koit), n. [See
Quoit.] A quoit. [Obs.]
Carew.
Coit, v. t. To throw, as a stone.
[Obs.] See Quoit.
Co*i"tion (?), n. [L.
coitio, fr. coire to come together;
co- + ire to go.] A coming
together; sexual intercourse; copulation.
Grew.
Co*join" (?), v. t. To join; to
conjoin. [R.]
Shak.
Co*ju"ror (?), n. One who
swears to another's credibility.
W. Wotton.
Coke (?), n. [Perh. akin to
cake, n.] Mineral coal charred, or depriver
of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in
a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is
lagerly used where
[Written also coak.]
Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as
distinguished from that made in ovens.
Coke, v. t. To convert into coke.
Coke"nay (?), n. A
cockney. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Co"ker*nut` (?), n.
(Com.) The cocoanut.
Cokes (?), n. [OE. Cf.
Coax.] A simpleton; a gull; a dupe.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Coke"wold (?), n.
Cuckold. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Col- (with,
together. See Com-.
\'d8Col (?), n. [F., neck, fr.
L. collum neck.] A short ridge connecting
two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a
ridge.
Co*la"bor*er (?), n. One who
labors with another; an associate in labor.
Col"an*der (?), n. [L.
colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare
to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf.
Cullis, Culvert.] A utensil with a
bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed
vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal,
or the like.
Co*la"tion (?), n. [See
Colander.] The act or process of straining or
filtering. [R.]
Co*lat"i*tude (?; 134), n.
[Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]
The complement of the latitude, or the difference between
any latitude and ninety degrees.
Col"a*ture (?; 135), n. [L.
colatura, from colare: cf. F.
colature. See Colander.] The
process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer.
[R.]
Col"ber*tine (?), n. [From Jean
Baptiste Colbert, a minister of Louis XIV., who
encouraged the lace manufacture in France.] A kind of
lace. [Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine.
Swift.
Difference rose between
Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine.
Young.
Col"chi*cine (? , n.
[Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)
A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5,
extracted from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow
saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh,
bitter taste; -- called also colchicia.
Col"chi*cum (?), n. [L., a
plant with a poisonous root, fr. Colchicus Colchian,
fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including
the meadow saffron.
Colchicum
autumnale (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout
and rheumatism.
Col"co*thar (?), n. [NL.
colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar.
qolqotar.] (Chem.) Polishing
rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass,
and also as a pigment; -- called also crocus
Martis.
Cold (?), a.
[Compar. Colder (?);
superl. Coldest.] [OE.
cold, cald, AS. cald,
ceald; akin to OS. kald, D.
koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr, Dan.
kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L.
gelu frost, gelare to freeze. Orig. p. p.
of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to
freeze. Cf. Cool, a., Chill,
n.] 1. Deprived of heat, or having
a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. \'bdThe
snowy top of cold Olympis.\'b8
Milton.
2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from
the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be
cold.
3. Not pungent or acrid. \'bdCold
plants.\'b8
Bacon
4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or
passion; spiritless; unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator.
T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen.
Burke.
5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory.
\'bdCold news for me.\'b8 \'bdCold
comfort.\'b8
Shak.
6. Wanting in power to excite; dull;
uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend
the better part of life in!
B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a
second scene.
Addison.
7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting
dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold
scent.
8. Not sensitive; not acute.
Smell this business with a sense as cold
As is a dead man's nose.
Shak.
9. Distant; -- said, in the game of hunting for
some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.
10. (Paint.) Having a bluish effect. Cf.
Warm, 8.
Cold abscess. See under Abscess.
-- Cold blast See under Blast,
n., 2. Cold blood. See
under Blood, n., 8. -- Cold
chill, an ague fit. Wright. -- Cold
chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for
cutting cold metal. Weale. -- Cold
cream. See under Cream. -- Cold
slaw. See Cole slaw. -- In cold
blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after thefight was
over.
Sir W. Scott.
To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with
neglect.
Syn. -- Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent;
unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.
Cold, n. 1. The relative
absence of heat or warmth.
2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat;
chilliness or chillness.
When she saw her lord prepared to part,
A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart.
Dryden.
3. (Med.) A morbid state of the animal
system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh.
Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular
eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in
the course of any disease attended with fever.<-- causative virus
Herpes simplex --> -- To leave one out in the
cold, to overlook or neglect him.
[Colloq.]
Cold, v. i. To become cold.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cold"-blood`ed (?), a. 1.
Having cold blood; -- said of fish or animals whose blood is
but little warmer than the water or air about them.
2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling;
hard-hearted.
3. Not thoroughbred; -- said of animals, as horses,
which are derived from the common stock of a country.
Cold"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A British wagtail.
Cold"-heart`ed (?), a. Wanting
passion or feeling; indifferent.
-- Cold"-heart`ed*ness,
n.
Cold"ish (?), a. Somewhat cold;
cool; chilly.
Cold"ly, adv. In a cold manner; without
warmth, animation, or feeling; with indifference; calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place,
And reason coldly of your grievances.
Shak.
Cold"ness, n. The state or quality of
being cold.
Cold"-short` (?), a. Brittle
when cold; as, cold-short iron.
Cold"-shut` (?), a.
(Metal.) Closed while too cold to become
thoroughly welded; -- said of a forging or casting. --
n. An imperfection caused by such
insufficient welding.
Cole (?), n. [OE.
col, caul, AS. cawl,
cawel, fr. L. caulis, the stalk or stem of
a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr. Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)
A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp.
that form of B. oleracea called rape and
coleseed.
Co-leg`a*tee" (?), n. A joint
legatee.
Cole"goose` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Coalgoose.
Cole"man*ite (?), n. [From W.T.
Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)
A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless
or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.
Cole"mouse` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Coletit.
Co`le*op"ter (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Coleoptera.
\'d8Co`le*op"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of insects
having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and
serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are
membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in
use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and
maxill\'91) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known
as beetles and weevils.
{ Co`le*op"ter*al (?),
Co`le*op"ter*ous (?) } a.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having wings
covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the order of Coleoptera.
Co`le*op"ter*ist, n. One versed in the
study of the Coleoptera.
\'d8Co`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. A sheath in
the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.
Gray.
Cole"perch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of small black perch.
Col"e*ra (?), n. [L.
cholera. See Choler.] Bile;
choler. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Cole*ridg"i*an (?), a.
Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his
poetry or metaphysics.
Cole"seed` (?), n. The common
rape or cole.
Cole"slaw` (?), n. [D.
kool slaa cabbage salad.] A salad made of
sliced cabbage.
Co`-les*see" (?), n. A partner
in a lease taen.
Co`-les*sor" (?), n. A partner
in giving a lease.
Cole"staff` (?), n. See
Colstaff.
{ Col"et (?), Col"let
}[Corrupted fr. acolyte.] An
inferior church servant. [Obs.] See
Acolyte.
{ Cole"tit` or Coal"tit (?),
} n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European
titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color;
-- called also coalmouse and
colemouse.
\'d8Co"le*us (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.) A plant of several
species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or
variegated leaves.
Cole"wort` (?), n. [AS.
cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort.
Cf. Collards.] 1. A variety of
cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.
2. Any white cabbage before the head has become
firm.
Col"fox` (?), n. A crafty
fox. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Col"ic (?), n. [F. colique, fr.
L. colicus sick with the colic, GR. Colon.] (Med.) A severe
paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or
distention of some one of the hollow viscera.
Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the
passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the
bile duct. -- Intestinal colic, Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of
the intestines by gas. -- Lead colic,
Painter's colic, a violent form of
intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation,
produced by chronic lead poisoning. -- Renal
colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a
calculus from the kidney through the ureter. -- Wind
colic. See Intestinal colic,
above.
Col"ic, a. 1. Of or pertaining
to colic; affecting the bowels.
Milton.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
colon; as, the colic arteries.
Col"ic*al (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic.
Swift.
Col"ick*y (?), a. Pertaining
to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky
disorder.
Col"ic*root` (?), n. A bitter
American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all
radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike
(Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called
sometimes star grass, blackroot,
blazing star, and unicorn root.
Col"in (?), n. [F.
colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr.
Nicolas Nicholas.] (Zo\'94l.)
The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to
other related species. See Bobwhite.
Col`i*se"um (?), n. [NL. (cf.
It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L.
colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a
colossus. See Colossus, and cf.
Colosseum.] The amphitheater of Vespasian at
Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also
Colosseum.]
\'d8Co*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. -itis.] (Med.) An
inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane;
colonitis.
Coll (?), v. t. [OF.
coler, fr. L. collum neck.] To
embrace. [Obs.] \'bdThey coll and
kiss him.\'b8
Latimer.
\'d8Col*la`bo*ra*teur" (?), n.
[F.] See Collaborator.
Col*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. The
act ofworking together; united labor.
Col*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. [L.
collaborare to labor together; col- +
laborare to labor: cf. F.
collaborateur.] An associate in labor,
especially in literary or scientific labor.
Col"la*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)
The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of
tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it
becomes gelatin or glue.
Col*lag"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol.) Containing or resembling
collagen.
Col*lapse" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Collapsed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Collapsing] [L. collapsus,
p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- +
labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]
1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a
hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have
the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed
in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine
sometimes collapses.
A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from
it.
Maunder.
2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something
hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse;
as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the
French army left Mexico; many financial projects
collapse after attaining some success and
importance.
Col*lapse" (?), n. 1.
A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow
vessel.
2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure
of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]
3. (Med.) Extreme depression or sudden
failing o
Col*lap"sion (?), n. [L.
collapsio.] Collapse.
[R.]
Johnson.
Col"lar (?), n. [OE.
coler, coller, OF. colier, F.
collier, necklace, collar, fr. OF. col
neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to AS.
heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals,
n.] 1. Something worn round the
neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification;
as, the collar of a coat; a lady's collar;
the collar of a dog.
2. (Arch.) (a) A ring or
cinture. (b) A collar beam.
3. (Bot.) The neck or line of junction
between the root of a plant and its stem.
Gray.
4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights,
having on it devises to designate their rank or order.
5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A ringlike
part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus.
(b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or
mammal.
6. (Mech.) A ring or round flange upon,
surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining
motion within given limits, or for holding something to its
place, or for hibing an opening around an object; as, a
collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the
shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place
where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of
a stuffing box are sometimes called collars.
7. (Naut.) An eye formed in the bight or
bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to
which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.
8. (Mining) A curb, or a horizontal
timbering, around the mouth of a shaft.
Raymond.
Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal
piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite
rafters; -- also, called simply collar. --
Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in
one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. --
Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English
court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear
the collars of those orders. -- To slip the
collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from
difficulty, labor, or engagement.
Spenser.
Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collared (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collaring.] 1. To
seize by the collar.
2. To put a collar on.
To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up,
and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking
it.
Col"lar bone` (?). (Anat.) The
clavicle.
Col"lards (?), n., pl.
[Corrupted fr. colewort.] Young
cabbage, used as \'bdgreens\'b8; esp. a kind cultivated for that
purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]
Col"lared (?), a. 1.
Wearing a collar. \'bdCollared with
gold.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Her.) Wearing a collar; -- said of a
man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as
worn around the neck or loins.
3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as,
collared beef. See To collar beef,
under Collar, v. t.
Col*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collated.
Coleridge.
Col*late" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Collating.] [From
Collation.] 1. To compare
critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points
of agreement or disagreement.
I must collage it, word, with the original
Hebrew.
Coleridge.
2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a
book for binding.
3. (Eccl.) To present and institute in a
benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the
ordinary; -- followed by to.
4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.) To
place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the patron
and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six months,
the right to do it devolves on the archbishop.
Encyc. Brit.
Col*lat"er*al (?), a. [LL.
collateralis; col- + lateralis
lateral. See Lateral.] 1. Coming
from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as,
collateral pressure.
\'bdCollateral light.\'b8
Shak.
2. Acting in an indirect way.
If by direct or by collateral hand
They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . .
To you in satisfaction.
Shak.
3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main
thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not
chief or principal; as, collateral interest;
collateral issues.
That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main
question, and on all the collateral questions
springing out of it, . . . is true.
Macaulay.
4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as
something else; additional; as, collateral
evidence.
Yet the attempt may give
Collateral interest to this homely tale.
Wordsworth.
5. (Genealogy) Descending from the same
stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from
the other; -- opposed to lineal.
Lineal descendants proceed one from
another in a direct line; collateral relations spring
from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that
common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers
are collateral relations, having different fathers,
but a common grandfather.
Blackstone.
<-- p. 278 -->
Collateral assurance, that which is made, over
and above the deed itself. -- Collateral
circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation
established through indirect or subordinate branches when the
supply through the main vessel is obstructed. --
Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An
issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case.
(b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads
any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon,
diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised,
on cross-examination, aside from the issue fixed by the
pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given,
cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the
question. -- Collateral security, security
for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money,
besides the principal security,
<-- collateral damage (Mil.) damage caused by a military
operation, such as a bombing, to objects or persons not
themselves the intended target of the attack. -->
Col*lat"er*al (?), n. 1.
A collateral relative.
Ayliffe.
2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or
deposited as collateral security.
Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv. 1. Side
by side; by the side.
These pulleys . . . placed collaterally.
Bp. Wilkins.
2. In an indirect or subordinate manner;
indirectly.
The will hath force upon the conscience
collaterally and indirectly.
Jer. Taylor.
3. In collateral relation; not lineally.
Col*lat"er*al*ness, n. The state of
being collateral.
Col*la"tion (?), n. [OE.
collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF.
collacion, F. collation, fr. L.
collatio a bringing together, comparing, fr.
collatum (used as the supine of conferre);
col- + latium (used as the supine of
ferre to bear), for tlatum. See
Tolerate, v. t.] 1. The
act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing
(as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind;
comparison, in general.
Pope.
2. (Print.) The gathering and
examination of sheets preparatory to binding.
3. The act of conferring or bestowing.
[Obs.]
Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the
people.
Bacon.
4. A conference. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. (Eccl. Law) The presentation of a
clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own
gift.
6. (Law) (a) The act of
comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain
its conformity. (b) The report of the act
made by the proper officers.
7. (Scots Law) The right which an heir
has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the
deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are
of the same degree of kindred.
Bouvier.
8. (Eccles.) A collection of the Lives
of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in
monasteries.
9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold
collation; -- first applied to the refreshment on
fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in
monasteries.
A collation of wine and sweetmeats.
Whiston.
Collation of seals (Old Law), a
method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it
with another known to be genuine.
Bouvier.
Col*la"tion, v. i. To partake of a
collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring
Garden.
Evelyn.
Col*la"tion*er (?), n.
(Print.) One who examines the sheets of a book
that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are
correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]
Col`la*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
collatitius. See Collation.]
Brought together; contributed; done by contributions.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Col*la"tive (?), a. [L.
collativus brought together. ] Passing or
held by collation; -- said of livings of which the bishop and the
patron are the same person.
Col*la"tor (?), n. [L.]
1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc.
Addison.
2. (Eccl. Law) One who collates to a
benefice.
3. One who confers any benefit.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Col*laud" (?), v. t. [L.
collaudare; col- + laudare to
praise.] To join in praising.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Col"league (?), n. [F.
coll\'b5gue, L. collega one
chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office;
col- + legare to send or choose as deputy.
See Legate.] A partner or associate in some
civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of
partners in trade or manufactures.
Syn. -- Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate;
companion; confederate.
Col*league" (?), v.t & i. To
unite or associate with another or with others.
[R.]
Shak.
Col"league*ship, n. Partnership in
office.
Milton.
Col*lect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Collecting.] [L.
collecrus, p. p. of collerige to
bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf.
OF. collecter. See Legend, and cf.
Coil, v. t., Cull, v.
t.] 1. To gather into one body or
place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by
gathering.
A band of men
Collected choicely from each country.
Shak.
'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what
our labor and industry daily collect.
Watts.
2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account,
or other indebtedness; as, to collect
taxes.
3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from
premises. [Archaic.]
Shak.
Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill
collected.
Locke.
To collect one's self, to recover from
surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain
self-control.
Syn. -- To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate;
garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.
Col*lect", v. i. 1. To assemble
together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to
accumulate; as, snow collects in
banks.
2. To infer; to conclude.
[Archaic]
Whence some collect that the former word imports a
plurality of persons.
South.
Col"lect, n. [LL. collecta,
fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage,
fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See
Collect, v. t.] A short,
comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or
condition, and forming part of a liturgy.
The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a
collect in verse.
Macaulay.
\'d8Col`lec*ta"ne*a (?), n. pl.
[Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr.
colligere. See Collect, v.
t.] Passages selected from various authors,
usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.
Col*lect"ed (?), a. 1.
Gathered together.
2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.
Col*lect"ed*ly, adv. Composedly;
coolly.
Col*lect"ed*ness, n. A collected state
of the mind; self-possession.
Col*lect"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being collected.
Col*lec"tion (?), n. [L.
collectio: cf. F. collection.]
1. The act or process of collecting or of
gathering; as, the collection of
specimens.
2. That which is collected; as: (a) A
gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. \'bdA
collection of letters.\'b8
Macaulay.
(b) A gathering of money for charitable or other
purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill
offerings. \'bdThe collection for the
saints.\'b8
1 Cor. xvi. 1
(c) (Usually in pl.) That which is
obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation
of any substance. \'bdCollections of
moisture.\'b8 Whewell. \'bdA purulent
collection.\'b8
Dunglison.
3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises
or observed facts; also, that which is inferred.
[Obs.]
We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have
been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines.
Milton.
4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise.
[Eng.]
Syn. -- Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd;
congregation; mass; heap; compilation.
Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to collecting.
The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for
collectional purposes.
H. A. Merewether.
Col*lect"ive (?), a. [L.
collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]
1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into
a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the
collective body of a nation.
Bp. Hoadley.
2. Deducing consequences; reasoning;
inferring. [Obs.] \'bdCritical and
collective reason.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Gram.) Expressing a collection or
aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a
collective name or noun, like assembly,
army, juri, etc.
4. Tending to collect; forming a collection.
Local is his throne . . . to fix a point,
A central point, collective of his sons.
Young.
5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as,
in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several
governments is called a collective note.
Collective fruit (Bot.), that which
is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and
the like; -- called also multiple
fruit.
Gray.
Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.) A
collective noun or name.
Col*lect"ive*ly, adv. In a mass, or
body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.
Col*lect"ive*ness, n. A state of union;
mass.
Col*lect"iv*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)
The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by
society collectively or as a whole; communism.
W. G. Summer.
Col*lect"iv*ist, n. [Cf. F.
collectiviste.] An advocate of
collectivism. -- a. Relating to, or
characteristic of, collectivism.
Col*lect"or (?), n. [LL.
collector one who collects: cf. F.
collecteur.] 1. One who collects
things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or
practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history,
etc.; as, a collector of coins.
I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have
been thirty years a collector.
Lamb.
2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered
passages and puts them together in one book.
Volumes without the collector's own
reflections.
Addison.
3. (Com.) An officer appointed and
commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or
toll.
A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by
collectors, and other officers.
Sir W. Temple.
4. One authorized to collect debts.
5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed
to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent.
Todd.
Col*lect"or*ate (?), n. The
district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.
Col*lect"or*ship, n. The office of a
collector of customs or of taxes.
Col*leg"a*ta*ry (?), n. [L.
collegetarius. See Legatary.]
(Law) A joint legatee.
Col"lege (?), n. [F.
coll\'8age, L. collegium, fr.
collega colleague. See Colleague.]
1. A collection, body, or society of persons
engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and
interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and
privileges; as, a college of heralds; a
college of electors; a college of
bishops.
The college of the cardinals.
Shak.
Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who,
to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all
their portion in this.
Jer. Taylor.
2. A society of scholars or friends of learning,
incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher
branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford
and Cambridge Universities, and many American
colleges.
college is used to include schools occupied
with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as
pupils.
3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a
college. \'bdThe gate of Trinity College.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. Fig.: A community. [R.]
Thick as the college of the bees in May.
Dryden.
College of justice, a term applied in Scotland
to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. --
The sacred college, the college or cardinals at
Rome.
Col*le"gi*al (?), n. [LL.
collegialis.] Collegiate.
[R.]
Col*le"gi*an (?), n. A member
of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a
student in a college.
Col*le"gi*ate (?), a. [L.
collegiatus.] Of or pertaining to a
college; as, collegiate studies; a
collegiate society.
Johnson.
Collegiate church. (a) A church
which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in
having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the
Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey.
(b) An association of churches, possessing common
revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several
ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate
Church of New York.
Col*le"gi*ate, n. A member of a
college.
Burton.
\'d8Col*lem"bo*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The
division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and
allied forms.
\'d8Col*len"chy*ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.) A tissue of
vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually)
elongated.
Col"let (?), n. [F.
collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See
Collar.] 1. A small collar or
neckband.
Foxe.
2. (Mech.) A small metal ring; a small
collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the
balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for
holding a drill.
3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a
ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set.
(b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See
Illust. of Brilliant.
How full the collet with his jewel is!
Cowley.
Col`le*te"ri*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the colleterium of
insects.
R. Owen.
\'d8Col`le*te"ri*um (?), n.
[NL. See Colletic.] (Zo\'94l.)
An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the
ejected ova.
Col*let"ic (?), a. [L.
colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr. Agglutinant. --
n. An agglutinant.
Col"ley (?), n. See
Collie.
Col*lide" (?), v. i. [L.
collidere, collisum; col- +
laedere to strike. See Lesion.] To
strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to
clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests
collided.
Across this space the attraction urges them. They
collide, they recoil, they oscillate.
Tyndall.
No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and
colliding.
Carlyle.
Col*lide", v. t. To strike or dash
against. [Obs.]
Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the
bodies collided.
Sir T. Browne.
Col"li*dine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of a class of organic
bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids,
belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil,
coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.
Col"lie (?), n. [Gael.
cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two
breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for
its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for
flocks. [Written also colly,
colley.]
Col"lied (?), p. & a. Darkened.
See Colly, v. t.
Col"lier (?), n. [OE.
colier. See Coal.] 1. One
engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making
charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.
2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.
Col"lier*y (?), n.; pl.
Collieries (#). [Cf.
Coalery, Collier.] 1. The
place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc.,
belonging to it.
2. The coal trade. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Col"li*flow`er (?), n. See
Cauliflower.
Col"li*gate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colligated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colligating.] [L.
colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect;
co- + ligare to bind.] 1.
To tie or bind together.
The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows.
Nicholson.
2. (Logic) To bring together by
colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the
most wonderful . . . phenomena.
Tundall.
Col"li*gate, a. Bound together.
Col`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
colligatio.] 1. A binding
together.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Logic) That process by which a
number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or
summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered
that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were
points in an ellipse. \'bdThe colligation of
facts.\'b8
Whewell.
Colligation is not always induction, but induction
is always colligation.
J. S. Mill.
Col"li*mate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collimated; p.
p. & vb. n. Collimating.] [See
Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)
To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring
into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render
parallel, as rays of light.
<-- p. 279 -->
Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a
diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error
of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of
a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position
in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. --
Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used
for producing parallel rays of light.
Col`li*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
collimation, fr. a false reading
(collimare) for L. collineare to direct in
a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf.
Collineation.] The act of collimating; the
adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the
telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to
the other parts of the instrument.
Error of collimation, the deviation of the
line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position
it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the
instrument. -- Line of collimation, the axial
line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument,
or the line which passes through the optical center of the object
glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its
focus.
Col"li*ma`tor (?), n. 1.
(Astron.) A telescope arranged and used to
determine errors of collimation, both vertical and
horizontal.
Nichol.
2. (Optics) A tube having a convex lens
at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at
the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of
parallel rays; also, a lens so used.
Col"lin (?), n. [Gr. A very pure form of gelatin.
Col"line (?), n. [F.
colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]
A small hill or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and
ponds.
Evelyn.
Col*lin`e*a"tion (?), n. [L.
collineare to direct in a straight line. See
Collimation.] The act of aiming at, or
directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.]
Johnson.
Coll"ing (?), n. [From
Coll, v. t.] An embrace;
dalliance. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Coll"ing*ly, adv. With embraces.
[Obs.]
Gascoigne.
Col*lin"gual (?), a. Having, or
pertaining to, the same language.
Col*liq"ua*ble (?), a. Liable
to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Col*liq"ua*ment (?), n. The
first rudiments of an embryo in generation.
Dr. H. More.
Col"li*quate (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colliquating.]
[Pref. col- + L. liquare,
liquatum, to melt.] To change from solid to
fluid; to make or become liquid; to melt.
[Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the
fire.
Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil.
Sir T. Browne.
Col`li*qua"tion (?), n. 1.
A melting together; the act of melting; fusion.
When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to
cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that
sort of concretion we call \'bdglass\'b8.
Boyle.
2. (Med.) A processive wasting or
melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious
excretions of liquids by one or more passages.
[Obs.]
Col*liq"ua*tive (?), a. Causing
rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative
sweats.
Col*liq`ue*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
colliquefactus melted; col- +
liquefacere; liqu\'c7re to be liquid +
facere to make.] A melting together; the
reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple
colliquefaction.
Bacon.
Col"lish (?), n.
(Shoemaking) A tool to polish the edge of a
sole.
Knight.
Col*li"sion (?), n. [L.
collisio, fr. collidere. See
Collide.] 1. The act of striking
together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent
meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.
2. A state of opposition; antagonism;
interference.
The collision of contrary false principles.
Bp. Warburton.
Sensitive to the most trifling collisions.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.
Col*li"sive (?), a. Colliding;
clashing. [Obs.]
Col*lit"i*gant (?), a.
Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] --
n. One who litigates or wrangles.
[Obs.]
Col"lo*cate (?), a. [L.
collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See
Couch.] Set; placed. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Col"lo*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Collocated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Collocating
(?).] To set or place; to set; to
station.
<-- sic. why is set repeated? -->
To marshal and collocate in order his
battalions.
E. Hall.
Col`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
collocatio.] The act of placing; the state
of being placed with something else; disposition in place;
arrangement.
The choice and collocation of words.
Sir W. Jones.
Col`lo*cu"tion (?), n. [L.
collocutio, fr. colloqui,
-locutum, to converse; col- +
loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] A
speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual
discourse.
Bailey.
Col"lo*cu`tor (?), n. [L.
collocutor] One of the speakers in a
dialogue.
Derham.
Col*lo"di*on (?), n. [Gr. Colloid.]
(Chem.) A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun
cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It
is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for
wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the
sensitive film in photography.
Collodion process (Photog.), a
process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in
preparing the plate for taking a picture. -- Styptic
collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as
tannin.
Col*lo"di*on*ize (?), v. t. To
prepare or treat with collodion.
R. Hunt.
Col*lo"di*o*type (?), n. A
picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or
ambrotype.
Col*lo"di*um (?), n. See
Collodion.
Col*logue" (?), v. i. [Cf. L.
colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf.
Collocution.] To talk or confer secretly and
confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to
plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.]
Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter,
Collogue with her again, and all shall be well.
Greene.
He had been colloguing with my wife.
Thackeray.
Col"loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.] Resembling
glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance;
gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.
Col"loid (?), n. 1.
(Physiol. Chem.) A substance (as albumin, gum,
gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline
nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or
vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; -- opposed
to crystalloid.
2. (Med.) A gelatinous substance found
in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer.
Styptic colloid (Med.), a
preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some
colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.
Col*loid"al (?), a. Pertaining
to, or of the nature of, colloids.
Col`loi*dal"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being colloidal.
Col"lop (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F.
coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr.
[Written also colp.]
1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh.
God knows thou art a collop of my flesh.
Shak.
Sweetbread and collops were with skewers
pricked.
Dryden.
2. A part or piece of anything; a portion.
Cut two good collops out of the crown land.
Fuller.
Col"loped (?), a. Having ridges
or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck
astrain.
R. Browning.
Col"lo*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects
belonging to the Collembola. (b) An adhesive
marginal organ of the Lucernariae.
Col*lo"qui*al (?), a. [See
Colloqui.] Pertaining to, or used in,
conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation;
conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; as,
colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a
colloquial style. --
Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv.
His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of
the highest order.
Macaulay.
Col*lo"qui*al*ism (?), n. A
colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or
writing.
Col*lo"qui*al*ize (?), v. t. To
make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize
one's style of writing.
Col"lo*quist (?), n. A speaker
in a colloquy or dialogue.
Malone.
Col"lo*quy (?), n.; pl.
Colloquies (#). [L.
colloquium. See Collocution.]
1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons;
conference; conversation.
They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about
religion.
A. Wood.
2. In some American colleges, a part in
exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a
designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.
Col"low (?), n. Soot; smut. See
1st Colly. [Obs.]
Col*luc"tan*cy (?), n. [L.
colluctari to struggle with.] A struggling
to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of
nature. [Obs.]
Col`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle
with; col- + luctari to struggle.]
A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins.
Dr. H. More.
Col*lude" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Colluded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Colluding.] [L.
colludere, -lusum; col- +
ludere to play. See Ludicrous.] To
have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into
each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert.
If they let things take their course, they will be represented
as colluding with sedition.
Burke.
Col*lud"er (?), n. One who
conspires in a fraud.
\'d8Col"lum (?), n.; pl.
Colla (#). [L., neck.]
1. (Anat.) A neck or cervix.
Dunglison.
2. (Bot.) Same as Collar.
Gray.
Col*lu"sion (?), n. [L.
collusio: cf. F. collusion. See
Collude.] 1. A secret agreement and
cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into
each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning.
The foxe, maister of collusion.
Spenser.
That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the
world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and
collusion.
Atterbury.
By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the
weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad
and the price excessive.
Swift.
2. (Law) An agreement between two or
more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of
law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law.
Bouvier. Abbott.
Syn. -- Collusion, Connivance.
A person who is guilty of connivance
intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to
prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites
with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent
purposes.
Col*lu"sive (?), a. 1.
Characterized by collusion; done or planned in
collusion. \'bdCollusive and sophistical
arguings.\'b8 J. Trapp. \'bdCollusive
divorces.\'b8 Strype.
2. Acting in collusion. \'bdCollusive
parties.\'b8 Burke.
-- Col*lu"sive*ly, adv. --
Col*lu"sive*ness, n.
Col*lu"so*ry (?), a. [L.
collusorius.] Collusive.
Col"lu*to*ry (?), n. [L.
colluere, collutum, to wash.]
(Med.) A medicated wash for the mouth.
Col"ly (?), n. [From
Coal.] The black grime or soot of coal.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Collied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Collying.] To render black or
dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.
[Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough.
B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied night.
Shak.
Col"ly (?), n. A kind of dog.
See Collie.
Col"ly*bist (?), n. [Gr. A money changer.
[Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists.
Bp. Hall.
Col*lyr"i*um (?), n.; pl. E.
Collyriums (#), L. Collyria
(#). [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.) An application to the eye, usually an
eyewater.
\'d8Col`o*co"lo (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American wild cat (Felis
colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.
Col"ocynth (?), n. [L.
colocynthis, Gr. Coloquintida.] (Med.) The light
spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (Citrullus,
), an Asiatic plant allied to the
watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely
bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter
apple, bitter cucumber,
bitter gourd.
Col`o*cyn"thin (?), n. [Cf. F.
colocynthine.] (Chem.) The
active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow,
crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.
Co*logne" (?), n. [Originally
made in Cologne, the French name of K\'94ln, a city in
Germany.] A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and
certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also
cologne water and eau de
cologne.
Co*logne" earth` (?). [From
Cologne the city.] (Min.) An
earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than
mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown
coal.
Col"om*bier (?), n. [F.]
A large size of paper for drawings. See under
Paper.
Co*lom"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) See Calumbin.
Co*lom"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Co"lon (?), n. [L.
colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of
the intestines, fr. Gr. colon. Cf. Colic.] 1.
(Anat.) That part of the large intestines which
extends from the c\'91cum to the rectum. [See
Illust of Digestion.]
2. (Gram.) A point or character, formed
thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete
in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a
conjunction.
Colo"nel (?), n. [F.
colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or
commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L.
columna. See Column.] (Mil.)
The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next
above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier
general.
Colo"nel*cy (?), n.
(Mil.) The office, rank, or commission of a
colonel.
Colo"nel*ship, n. Colonelcy.
Swift.
Col"o*ner (?), n. A
colonist. [Obs.]
Holland
Co*lo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
colonial.] Of or pertaining to a colony;
as, colonial rights, traffic, wars.
Co*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L.
colonus husbandman.] Of or pertaining to
husbandmen. [Obs.]
Col"o*nist (?), n. A member or
inhabitant of a colony.
\'d8Col`o*ni"tis (?), n.
(Med.) See Colitis.
Col`o*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. colonisation.] Tha act of colonizing, or
the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or
colonies.
The wide continent of America invited
colonization.
Bancroft.
Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n. A friend to
colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization
of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United
States.
Col"o*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colonized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Colonizing.] [Cf. F.
coloniser.] To plant or establish a colony
or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and
settle in.
Bacon.
They that would thus colonize the stars with
inhabitants.
Howell.
Col"o*nize, v. i. To remove to, and
settle in, a distant country; to make a colony.
C. Buchanan.
Col"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who
promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist.
Bancroft.
Col`on*nade" (?), n. [F.
colonnade, It. colonnata, fr.
colonna column. See Colonel.]
(Arch.) A series or range of columns placed at
regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature,
stylobate, roof, etc.
a
portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or
square, a peristyle.
Col"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Colonies (#). [L.
colonia, fr. colonus farmer, fr.
colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie.
Cf. Culture.] 1. A company of people
transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or
country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent
state; as, the British colonies in
America.
The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen,
well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty.
There was never a colony formed of better
materials.
Ames.
2. The district or country colonized; a
settlement.
3. A company of persons from the same country
sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American
colony in Paris.
4. (Nat. Hist.) A number of animals or
plants living or growing together, beyond their usual
range.
Col"o*pha`ny (? , n. See
Colophony.
Co"lo*phene (? , n.
(Chem.) A colorless, oily liquid, formerly
obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a
polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also
diterebene.
<-- p. 280 -->
Col"o*phon (?), n. [L.
colophon finishing stroke, Gr. culmen top, collis hill. Cf.
Holm.] An inscription, monogram, or cipher,
containing the place and date of publication, printer's name,
etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book.
The colophon, or final description, fell into
disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct
means of identifying the book.
De Morgan.
The book was uninjured from title page to
colophon.
Sir W. Scott.
Col"o*pho*nite (? , n.
[Cf. F. colophonite. So named from its
resemblance to the color of colophony.]
(Min.) A coarsely granular variety of
garnet.
Col"o*pho`ny (? , n.
[Gr. Rosin.
Col`o*quin"ti*da (?), n. See
Colocynth.
Shak.
Col"or (?), n. [Written also
colour.] [OF. color,
colur, colour, F. couleur, L.
color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the
color taken as that which covers). See Helmet.]
1. A property depending on the relations of light
to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the
hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay
colors; sad colors, etc.
color depends upon a
peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of
which rays of light produce different effects according to the
length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length
producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those
still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of
waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of
color, and the color of objects depends upon their
power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the
rays which fall upon them.
2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.
3. The hue or color characteristic of good health
and spirits; ruddy complexion.
Give color to my pale cheek.
Shak.
4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a
pigment; as, oil colors or water
colors.
5. That which covers or hides the real character of
anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.
They had let down the boat into the sea, under
color as though they would have cast anchors out of
the foreship.
Acts xxvii. 30.
That he should die is worthy policy;
But yet we want a color for his death.
Shak.
6. Shade or variety of character; kind;
species.
Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this
color.
Shak.
7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar
symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or
color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a
race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the
jockey).
In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery
has two colors, one national and one regimental.
Farrow.
8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the
defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of
title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause
from the jury to the court.
Blackstone.
Color is express when it is
asverred in the pleading, and implied when it is
implied in the pleading.
Body color. See under Body. --
Color blindness, total or partial inability to
distinguish or recognize colors. See Daltonism. --
Complementary color, one of two colors so related
to each other that when blended together they produce white
light; -- so called because each color makes up to the other what
it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when
mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary
colors, in consequence of partial absorption. -- Of
color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race;
-- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood,
pure or mixed. -- Primary colors, those
developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange,
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by
some authors to three, -- red, green, and violet-blue. These
three are sometimes called fundamental
colors. -- Subjective Accidental color, a false or spurious color
seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous
impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its
character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a
circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly
over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of
different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation.
See Accidental colors, under
Accidental.
Col"or (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Colored
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coloring.] [F.
colorer.] 1. To change or alter
the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye;
to tinge; to aint; to stain.
The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in
them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition
to stir up a sensation of this or that color.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting;
to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious
appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible;
to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were colored by
his prejudices.
He colors the falsehood of \'92neas by an express
command from Jupiter to forsake the queen.
Dryden.
3. To hide. [Obs.]
That by his fellowship he color might
Both his estate and love from skill of any wight.
Spenser.
Col"or, v. i. To acquire color; to turn
red, especially in the face; to blush.
Col"or*a*ble (?), a. Specious;
plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.
\'bdColorable pretense for infidility.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
-- Col"or*a*ble*ness, n. --
Col"or*a*bly, adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken
within the walk of human justice.
Hooker.
Col`o*ra"do bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with
ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated
eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very
destructive to the potato plant; -- called also potato
beetle and potato bug. See
Potato beetle.
Col`o*ra"do group (?). (Geol.)
A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North
America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri
region.
Col`o*ra"do*ite (?), n.
(Min.) Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic
mineral, found in Colorado.
Col"or*ate (?), a. [L.
coloratus, p. p. of colorare to
color.] Colored. [Obs.]
Ray.
Col`or*a"tion (?), n. The act
or art of coloring; the state of being colored.
Bacon.
The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of
coloration.
Darwin.
Col"or*a*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf.
G. coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.]
(Mus.) Vocal music colored, as it
were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.
Col"or-blind (?), a. Affected
with color blindness. See Color blindness, under
Color, n.
Col"ored (?), a. 1.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
The lime rod, colored as the glede.
Chaucer.
The colored rainbow arched wide.
Spenser.
2. Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear
well; as, a highly colored description.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
His colored crime with craft to cloke.
Spenser.
3. Of some other color than black or white.
4. (Ethnol.) Of some other color than
white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro
blood; as, a colored man; the colored
people.
5. (Bot.) Of some other color than
green.
Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some
other color than green.
Gray.
Wood.
Col`or*if"ic (?; 277), a. [L.
color color + facere to make: cf. F.
colorifique.] Capable of communicating
color or tint to other bodies.
Col`or*im"e*ter (?), n.
[Color + -meter: cf. F.
colorim\'8atre.] An instrument for
measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a
liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.
Col"or*ing (?), n. 1.
The act of applying color to; also, that which produces
color.
2. Change of appearance as by addition of color;
appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation.
Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss.
Compton Reade.
Dead coloring. See under
Dead.
Col"or*ist (?), n. [Cf. F.
coloriste.] One who colors; an artist who
excels in the use of colors; one to whom coloring is of prime
importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good
colorists.
Dryden.
Col"or*less, a. 1. Without
color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as,
colorless water.
2. Free from any manifestation of partial or
peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes,
prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a
colorless style; definitions should be
colorless.
Col"or*man (?), n.; pl.
Colormen (#). A vender of paints,
etc.
Simmonds.
Col"or ser"geant. See under
Sergeant.
Co*los"sal (?), a. [Cf. F.
cossal, L. colosseus. See
Colossus.] 1. Of enormous size;
gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue.
\'bdA colossal stride.\'b8
Motley.
2. (Sculpture & Painting) Of a size
larger than heroic. See Heroic.
Col`os*se"an (?), a.
Colossal. [R.]
Col`os*se"um (?), n. [Neut.,
fr. L. coloseus gigantic. See
Coliseum.] The amphitheater of Vespasian in
Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]
Co*los"sus (?), n.; pl. L.
Colossi (#), E. Colossuses
(#). [L., fr. Gr. 1.
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied
to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the
Colossus of Nero in Rome, the Colossus of
Apollo at Rhodes.
He doth bestride the narrow world
Like a colossus.
Shak.
Dr. Wm. Smith.
2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.
\'d8Co*los"trum (?), n. [L.,
biestings.] (Med.) (a) The first
milk secreted after delivery; biestings. (b)
A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly
used as an emulsion.
Co*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) An operation
for opening the colon
Col"our (?), n. See
Color.
Colp (?), n. See
Collop.
Col"por`tage (?), n. [F.]
The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by
colporteurs.
Col"por`ter (?), n. Same as
Colporteur.
Col"por`teur (?; 277), n. [F.
colporteur one who carries on his neck, fr.
colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L.
collum) neck + porter (L.
portare) to carry.] A hawker; specifically,
one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts
and books.
Col"staff` (?), n. [F.
col neck + E. staff. Cf.
Coll.] A staff by means of which a burden is
borne by two persons on their shoulders.
Colt (?; 110), n. [OE.
colt a young horse, ass, or camel, AS.
colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy,
lad.] 1. The young of the equine genus or
horse kind of animals; -- sometimes distinctively applied to the
male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal.
2. A young, foolish fellow.
Shak.
3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an
instrument of punishment in the navy.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous
tooth in young horses. -- To cast one's colt's
tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness.
\'bdYour colt's tooth is not cast yet.\'b8
Shak. -- To have a colt's tooth, to be
wanton.
Chaucer.
Colt (?; 110), v. i. To frisk
or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or wantonly.
[Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to colt.
Spenser.
Colt, v. t. 1. To horse; to get
with young.
Shak.
2. To befool. [Obs.]
Shak.
Col"ter (?), n. [AS.
culter, fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf.
Cutlass.] A knife or cutter, attached to the
beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and
moldboard. [Written also
coulter.]
Colt"ish (?), a. Like a colt;
wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery.
Chaucer.
-- Colt"ish*ly, adv. --
Colt"ish*ness, n.
Colts"foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) A perennial herb (Tussilago
Farfara), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed
in medicine.
Butterbur coltsfoot (Bot.), a
European plant (Petasites vulgaris).
Colt's" tooth` (?). See under
Colt.
\'d8Col"u*ber (?), n. [L., a
serpent.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of harmless
serpents.
Col"u*brine (?), a. [L.
colubrinus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.
2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty.
Johnson.
\'d8Co*lu"go (?), n. [Prob. an
aboriginal name.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar
East Indian mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having
along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a
parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long
leaps, like the flying squirrel; -- called also flying
lemur.
Co*lum"ba (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
\'d8Co*lum"b\'91 (?), n. pl.;
[L. columba pigeon.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of birds, including the pigeons.
\'d8Col`um*ba"ri*um (?), n.;
pl. L. Columbaria (#) [L. See
Columbary.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a)
A dovecote or pigeon house. (b) A
sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.
Col"um*ba*ry (?), n.; pl.
Columbaries (#). [L.
columbarium, fr. columba a dove.]
A dovecote; a pigeon house.
Sir T. Browne.
Co*lum"bate (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombate. See Columbium.]
(Chem.) A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See
Columbium.
Co*lum"batz fly` (?). [From
Kolumbatz, a mountain in Germany.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Buffalo fly, under
Buffalo.
\'d8Col`um*bel"la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of L. columba a dove. So called from a fancied
resemblance in color and form, of some species.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of univale shells, abundant in
tropical seas. Some species, as Columbella mercatoria,
were formerly used as shell money.
Co*lum"bi*a (?), n. America;
the United States; -- a poetical appellation given in honor of
Columbus, the discoverer.
Dr. T. Dwight.
Co*lum"bi*ad (?), n. [From
Columbia the United States.] (Mil.)
A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed
for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high
angles of elevation.
Columbiad has
been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often
called the Rodman gun.
Co*lum"bi*an (?), a. [From
Columbia.] Of or pertaining to the United
States, or to America.
Co*lum"bic (?), a. [From
Columbium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic.
Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak acid
derived from columbic or niobic oxide, Nb2O5; --
called also niobic acid.
Co*lum"bic, a. [From
Columbo.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the
columbo root.
Columbic acid (Chem.), an organic
acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow,
amorphous substance.
Co*lum"bi*er (?), n. See
Colombier.
Col"um*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Columbium + -ferous.]
Producing or containing columbium.
Co*lum"bin (?), n.
(Chem.) A white, crystalline, bitter substance.
See Calumbin.
Col"um*bine (?), a. [L.
columbinus, fr. columba dove.]
Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored.
\'bdColumbine innocency.\'b8
Bacon.
Col"um*bine, n. [LL.
columbina, L. columbinus
dovelike, fr. columba dove: cf. F.
colombine. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of
its flowers.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of
several species of the genus Aquilegia; as,
A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A.
Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North
America.
2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in
pantomimes.
Brewer.
Co*lum"bite (?), n. [Cf. F.
colombite. See Columbium.]
(Min.) A mineral of a black color, submetallic
luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or
columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron;
-- first found in New England.
<-- p. 281 -->
Co*lum"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
Columbia America.] (Chem.) A
rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of
the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at
Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly
called niobium.
Co*lum"bo (?), n. (Med.)
See Calumba.
Col`u*mel"la (?), n. [L., dim.
of columen column. See Column.]
1. (Bot.) (a) An axis to which
a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of
the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens.
(b) A columnlike axis in the capsule of
mosses.
2. (Anat.) A term applied to various
columnlike parts; as, the columnella, or
epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the
columella of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod
connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal
ear.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upright
pillar in the axis of most univalve shells. (b)
The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain
corals.
Col`u*mel"li*form (?), a.
[Columella + -form.] Shaped
like a little column, or columella.
Col"umn (?), n. [L.
columna, fr. columen, culmen,
fr. cellere (used only in comp.), akin to E.
excel, and prob. to holm. See
Holm, and cf. Colonel.] 1.
(Arch.) A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or
polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat
ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See
Order.
2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a
column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or
obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of mercury,
etc. ; the Column Vend\'93me; the spinal
column.
3. (Mil.) (a) A body of troops
formed in ranks, one behind the other; -- contradistinguished
from line. Compare Ploy, and
Deploy. (b) A small army.
4. (Naut.) A number of ships so arranged
as to follow one another in single or double file or in
squadrons; -- in distinction from \'bdline\'b8, where they are
side by side.
5. (Print.) A perpendicular set of
lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other
matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a
newspaper.
6. (Arith.) A perpendicular line of
figures.
7. (Bot.) The body formed by the union
of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil
in the orchids.
Attached column. See under Attach,
v. t. -- Clustered column. See
under Cluster, v. t. -- Column
rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type
in the form, and making a line between them in
printing.
Co*lum"*nar (?), a. [L.
columnaris, fr. columna.] Formed
in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the
shaft of a column.
Columnar epithelium (Anat.),
epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set
upright on the surface they cover. -- Columnar
structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of
more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes
with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured
transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above.
This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as
basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.<-- like at Giant's
causeway, Ireland?-->
Col`um*nar"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being columnar.
Co*lum"na*ted (?), a. Having
columns; as, columnated temples.
Col"umned (?), a. Having
columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel.
Tennyson.
Co*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. The
employment or arrangement of columns in a structure.
Gwilt.
Co*lure" (?), n.; pl.
Colures (#). [F.
colure, L. coluri, pl., fr. Gr. (Astron. & Geog.) One of two
great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the
equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and
hence is denominated the equinoctial colure; the other
intersects the equator at the distance of 90solstitial colure.
Thrice the equinoctial line
He circled; four times crossed the car of night
From pole to pole, traversing each colure.
Milton.
Co"ly (?), n.; pl.
Colies (#). [NL.
colius, prob. fr. Gr.
Any bird of the genus Colius and allied genera.
They inhabit Africa.
Col"za (?), n. [F., fr. D.
koolzaad, prob., cabbage seed; kool (akin
to E. cole) + zaad akin to E.
seed.] (Bot.) A variety of
cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cultivated for its seeds,
which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating
purposes; summer rape.
Com-. A prefix from the Latin preposition
cum, signifying with, together,
in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in
the form com- before b, m,
p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation
becomes col- before l, cor-
before r, and con- before any consonant
except b, h, l, m,
p, r, and w. Before a vowel
com- becomes co-; also before h,
w, and sometimes before other consonants.
\'d8Co"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
Cemetery.] A state of profound insensibility
from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See
Carus.
\'d8Co"ma, n. [L., hair, fr. Gr.
1. (Astron.) The envelope of
a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body
of a comet.
2. (Bot.) A tuft or bunch, -- as the
assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster
of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a
plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds.
Coma Berenices ( [L.]
(Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo;
-- called also Berenice's Hair.
Co*man"ches (? , n. pl.;
sing. Comanche (? .
(Ethnol.) A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of
the Shoshone family of Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the
adjacent parts of the United States; -- called also
Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and
cruelty.
Co"mart` (?), n. A
covenant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Co"mate (?; 277), a. [L.
comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair,
fr. coma hair.] Encompassed with a coma, or
bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.
Co"-mate` (?), n. [Pref.
co- + mate.] A companion.
Shak.
Co"ma*tose` (? , a.
[From Coma lethargy.] Relating to, or
resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose
sleep; comatose fever.
Co"ma*tons (?), a.
Comatose.
\'d8Co*mat"u*la (?; 135), n.
[NL., fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly curled,
dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zo\'94l.)
A crinoid of the genus Antedon and related
genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they
become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal
cirri; -- called also feather stars.
Co*mat"u*lid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any crinoid of the genus
Antedon or allied genera.
Comb (?; 110), n. [AS..
camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel.
kambr, G. kamm, Gr. jambha tooth.] 1. An
instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and
adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.
2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or
cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.
3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a) A
toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax,
hair, etc. (b) The serrated vibratory doffing
knife of a carding machine. (c) A former,
commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the
soft fiber into a bat. (d) A tool with teeth,
used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser.
(e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer.
(f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually
resembling a comb.
<-- "former" in (c) is a noun. -->
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The naked
fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of
a cock or other bird. It is usually red. (b)
One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen
of scorpions.
5. The curling crest of a wave.
6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the
cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.;
honeycomb. \'bdA comb of honey.\'b8
Wyclif.
When the bee doth leave her comb.
Shak.
7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by
which it may be cocked.
Comb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Combed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Combing.] To disentangle, cleanse, or
adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth and straight with, or as with,
a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See under
Combing.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands
upright.
Shak.
Comb, v. i. [See Comb,
n., 5.] (Naut.) To roll over, as
the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as
waves.
{ Comb, Combe (? , }
n. [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin;
cf. W. cwm a dale, valley.] That unwatered
portion of a valley which forms its continuation beyond and above
the most elevated spring that issues into it.
[Written also coombe.]
Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe
Displayed.
Southey.
Comb, n. A dry measure. See
Coomb.
Com"bat (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Combated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Combating.] [F.
combattre; pref. com- + battre
to beat, fr. L. battuere to strike. See
Batter.] To struggle or contend, as with an
opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain.
Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated
only for the choice of masters.
Gibbon.
Com"bat, v. t. To fight with; to oppose
by force, argument, etc.; to contend against; to resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated.
Shak.
And combated in silence all these reasons.
Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn;
antagonize; repel; resent.
Com"bat, n. [Cf. F.
combat.] 1. A fight; a contest of
violence; a struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st.
Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was
fought in Paulina.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) An engagement of no great
magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not
armies.
Single combat, one in which a single combatant
meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath;
also a duel.
Syn. -- A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention;
struggle; fight, strife. See Battle,
Contest.
Com"bat*a*ble (? , a.
[Cf. F. combattable.] Such as can be,
or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable foes,
evils, or arguments.
Com"bat*ant (?), a. [F.
combattant, p. pr.] Contending; disposed to
contend.
B. Jonson.
Com"bat*ant, n. [F.
combattant.] One who engages in
combat. \'bdThe mighty combatants.\'b8
Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original
combatants.
Macaulay
Com"bat*er (?), n. One who
combats.
Sherwood.
Com"bat*ive (?) or (
Com"bat*ive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to
quarrel.
2. (Phren.) A cranial development
supposed to indicate a combative disposition.
\'d8Com`bat`tant" (?), a.
[F.] (Her.) In the position of
fighting; -- said of two lions set face to face, each
rampant.
Comb"broach` (?), n. A tooth of
a wool comb. [Written also
combrouch.]
Combe (? , n. See
Comb.
Comb"er (?), n. 1. One
who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc.
Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.
2. A long, curling wave.
Com"ber (?), v. t. To
cumber. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Com"ber, n. Encumbrance.
[Obs.]
Com"ber (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to
a species of wrasse. [Prov. Eng.]
Com*bin"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combinable.] Capable of combinding;
consistent with. [R.]
M. Arnold.
-- Com*bin"a*ble*ness,
n.
Com"bi*nate (?), a. [LL.
combinatus, p. p.] United; joined;
betrothed. [R.]
<-- p. 282 -->
Com`bi*na"tion (?), n. [LL.
combinatio. See Combine.] 1.
The act or process of combining or uniting persons and
things.
Making new compounds by new combinations.
Boyle.
A solemn combination shall be made
Of our dear souls.
Shak.
2. The result of combining or uniting; union of
persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states
to effect some purpose; -- usually in a bad sense.
A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who
had conspired my ruin.
Melmoth.
3. (Chem.) The act or process of uniting
by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other
in definite proportions by weight to form distinct
compounds.
4. pl. (Math.) The
different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into
groups.
combinations no regard is paid to the
order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in
variations and permutations this order is
respected.
Brande & C.
Combination car, a railroad car containing two
or more compartments used for different purposes. [U.
S.] -- Combination lock, a lock in which
the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes
by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other
characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after
the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a
certain order or succession. -- Combination room,
in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the
fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and
conversation. -- Combination by volume
(Chem.), the act, process, or ratio by which
gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by
volume to form distinct compounds. -- Combination by
weight (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio,
in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively
fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of
definite proportions, under Definite.
Syn. -- Cabal; alliance; association; league; union;
confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.
Com*bine" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Combined
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Combining.] [LL. combinare,
combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl.
bini, two and two, double: cf. F. combiner.
See Binary.] 1. To unite or join; to
link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause
or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union.
So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined.
Milton.
Friendship is the which really combines
mankind.
Dr. H. More.
And all combined, save what thou must
combine
By holy marriage.
Shak.
Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined.
Cowper.
2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie.
[Obs.]
I am combined by a sacred vow.
Shak.
Com*bine", v. i. 1. To form a
union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.
You with your foes combine,
And seem your own destruction to design
Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction;
as, two substances, which will not combine of
themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention
of a third.
3. (Card Playing) In the game of casino,
to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate
number of pips equals those of the card played.
Combining weight (Chem.), that
proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard,
and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites
with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights
either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the
atomic weight. See Atomic weight, under
Atomic, a.
Com*bined" (?), a. United
closely; confederated; chemically united.
Com*bin"ed*ly (?), adv. In combination or
co\'94peration; jointly.
Com*bin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, combines.
Comb"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs;
as, the combing of one's hair; the combing
of wool.
combing is used in
straightening wool of long staple; short wool is
carded.
2. pl. (a) That which is
caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair.
(b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head.
The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is
supplied by borders and combings.
Jer. Taylor.
(c) (Naut.) See Coamings.
Combing machine (Textile Manuf.), a
machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the
longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also
Carding machine, under Carding.
Comb"less, a. Without a comb or crest;
as, a combless ceck.
\'d8Com`bo*lo"io (?), n. A
Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads.
Byron.
Comb"-shaped` (?), a.
(Bot.) Pectinate.
Com*bust" (?), a. [L.
combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up;
com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertian
origin; cf. bustum fineral pyre, prurire to
itch, pruna a live coal, Gr. plush to burn.] 1. Burnt;
consumed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Astron.) So near the sun as to be
obscured or eclipsed by his light, as the moon or planets when
not more than eight degrees and a half from the sun.
[Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust.
Milton.
Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being combustible.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
combustble.] 1. Capable of taking
fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable.
Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible
matter.
South.
2. Ea
Arnold was a combustible character.
W. Irving.
Com*bus"ti*ble (?), n. A
substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to take
fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough for
common use go under the name of fuel.
Ure.
Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.
Combustibility.
Com*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
combustio: cf. F. combustion.]
1. The state of burning.
2. (Chem.) The combination of a
combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and
sometimes both light and heat.
Combustion results is common cases from the mutual
chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of
the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed.
Ure.
Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a
gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as
coal, constitutes combustion.
3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult.
[Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among
the heads of the university.
Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion
springs.
Dryden.
Com*bus"tious (?), a.
Inflammable. [Obs.]
Shak.
Come (?), v. i.
[imp. Came (?); p.
p. Come (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Coming.] [OE. cumen,
comen, AS. cuman; akin to
OS.kuman, D. komen, OHG. queman,
G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw.
komma, Dan. komme, Goth. giman,
L. venire (gvenire), Gr. gam. \'fb23. Cf. Base, n.,
Convene, Adventure.] 1. To
move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some
place or person indicated; -- opposed to go.
Look, who comes yonder?
Shak.
I did not come to curse thee.
Tennyson.
2. To complete a movement toward a place; to
arrive.
When we came to Rome.
Acts xxviii. 16.
Lately come from Italy.
Acts vviii. 2.
3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or
form a distance. \'bdThy kingdom come.\'b8
Matt. vi. 10.
The hour is comming, and now is.
John. v. 25.
So quik bright things come to confusion.
Shak.
4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause,
or of the act of another.
From whence come wars?
James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee!
Chron. xxix. 12.
5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear.
Then butter does refuse to come.
Hudibras.
6. To get to be, as the result of change or
progress; -- with a predicate; as, to come
united.
How come you thus estranged?
Shak.
How come her eyes so bright?
Shak.
Am come, is come, etc., are
frequently used instead of have come, has
come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives
adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state
or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary have
expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the
verb.
Think not that I am come to destroy.
Matt. v. 17.
We are come off like Romans.
Shak.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the
year.
Bryant.
Come may properly be used (instead of
go) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when
there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I
shall come home next week; he will come to
your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an
auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state
expressed by the verb; as, how came you to do it?
Come is used colloquially, with reference to a
definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it
will be two years, come next Christmas; i.
e., when Christmas shall come.
They were cried
In meeting, come next Sunday.
Lowell.
Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention,
or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us
go. \'bdThis is the heir; come, let us kill him.\'b8
Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses
haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. \'bdCome,
come, no time for lamentation now.\'b8
Milton.
To come, yet to arrive, future. \'bdIn times
to come.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThere's pippins
and cheese to come.\'b8 Shak. -- To come
about. (a) To come to pass; to arrive; to
happen; to result; as, how did these things come
about? (b) To change; to come round; as,
the ship comes about. \'bdThe wind is come
about.\'b8 Shak.
On better thoughts, and my urged reasons,
They are come about, and won to the true side.
B. Jonson.
-- To come abroad. (a) To move or be away
from one's home or country. \'bdAm come abroad to
see the world.\'b8 Shak. (b) To become public
or known. [Obs.] \'bdNeither was anything kept
secret, but that it should come abroad.\'b8 Mark.
iv. 22. -- To come across, to meet; to find,
esp. by chance or suddenly. \'bdWe come across more
than one incidental mention of those wars.\'b8 E. A.
Freeman. \'bdWagner's was certainly one of the strongest and
most independent natures I ever came across.\'b8
H. R. Heweis. -- To come after. (a)
To follow. (b) To come to take or to
obtain; as, to come after a book. -- To come
again, to return. \'bdHis spirit came
again and he revived.\'b8 Judges. xv. 19.
-- To come and go. (a) To appear and
disappear; to change; to alternate. \'bdThe color of the
king doth come and go.\'b8 Shak. (b)
(Mech.) To play backward and forward. --
To come at. (a) To reach; to arrive
within reach of; to gain; as, to come at a true
knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come toward; to
attack; as, he came at me with fury. -- To
come away, to part or depart. -- To come
between, to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause
estrangement. -- To come by. (a) To
obtain, gain, acquire. \'bdExamine how you came
by all your state.\'b8 Dryden. (b) To
pass near or by way of. -- To come down.
(a) To descend. (b) To be
humbled. -- To come down upon, to call to
account, to reprimand. [Colloq.]
Dickens. -- To come home. (a) To
retuen to one's house or family. (b) To come
close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or
reason. (b) (Naut.) To be loosened
from the ground; -- said of an anchor. -- To come
in. (a) To enter, as a town, house, etc.
\'bdThe thief cometh in.\'b8 Hos. vii. 1.
(b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes
in. (c) To assume official station or
duties; as, when Lincoln came in. (d) To
comply; to yield; to surrender. \'bdWe need not fear his
coming in\'b8 Massinger. (e) To
be brought into use. \'bdSilken garments did not come
in till late.\'b8 Arbuthnot. (f) To
be added or inserted; to be or become a part of.
(g) To accrue as gain from any business or
investment. (h) To mature and yield a harvest;
as, the crops come in well. (i)
To have sexual intercourse; -- with to or
unto. Gen. xxxviii. 16. (j)
To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come
in next May. [U. S.] -- To come
in for, to claim or receive. \'bdThe rest
came in for subsidies.\'b8 Swift. -- To
come into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to;
to comply with; as, to come into a party or
scheme. -- To come it ever, to hoodwink;
to get the advantage of. [Colloq.] --
To come near or nigh,
to approach in place or quality to be equal to.
\'bdNothing ancient or modern seems to come near
it.\'b8 Sir W. Temple. -- To come of.
(a) To descend or spring from.
\'bdOf Priam's royal race my mother
came.\'b8 Dryden. (b) To result
or follow from. \'bdThis comes of judging by the
eye.\'b8 L'Estrange. -- To come off.
(a) To depart or pass off from. (b)
To get free; to get away; to escape. (c) To
be carried through; to pass off; as, it came off
well. (d) To acquit one's self; to issue from
(a contest, etc.); as, he came off with honor; hence,
substantively, a come off, an escape; an excuse; an
evasion. [Colloq.] (e) To pay
over; to give. [Obs.] (f) To take
place; to happen; as, when does the race come
off? (g) To be or become after some
delay; as, the weather came off very fine.
(h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to
separate. (i) To hurry away; to get
through. Chaucer. -- To come off by,
to suffer. [Obs.] \'bdTo come off
by the worst.\'b8 Calamy. -- To come off
from, to leave. \'bdTo come off from
these grave disquisitions.\'b8 Felton. -- To come
on. (a) To advance; to make progress; to
thrive. (b) To move forward; to approach; to
supervene. -- To come out. (a) To
pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc.
\'bdThey shall come out with great substance.\'b8
Gen. xv. 14. (b) To become public; to
appear; to be published. \'bdIt is indeed come
out at last.\'b8 Bp. Stillingfleet. (c)
To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this affair
come out? he has come out well at
last. (d) To be introduced into society;
as, she came out two seasons ago.
(e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun
came out. (f) To take sides; to
take a stand; as, he came out against the
tariff.<-- (g) To publicly admit oneself to be
homosexual. --> -- To come out with, to give
publicity to; to disclose. -- To come over.
(a) To pass from one side or place to another.
\'bdPerpetually teasing their friends to come over to
them.\'b8 Addison. (b) To rise and pass
over, in distillation. -- To come over to, to
join. -- To come round. (a) To recur
in regular course. (b) To recover.
[Colloq.] (c) To change, as the
wind. (d) To relent. J. H.
Newman. (e) To circumvent; to wheedle.
[Colloq.] -- To come short, to be
deficient; to fail of attaining. \'bdAll have sinned and
come short of the glory of God.\'b8 Rom. iii.
23. -- To come to. (a) To consent or
yield. Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with
the accent on to) To luff; to brin the ship's head
nearer the wind; to anchor. (c) (with the accent on
to) To recover, as from a swoon. (d)
To arrive at; to reach. (e) To amount to;
as, the taxes come to a large sum.
(f) To fall to; to be received by, as an
inheritance. Shak. -- To come to blows.
See under Blow. -- To come to grief.
See under Grief. -- To come to a
head. (a) To suppurate, as a boil.
(b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot. --
To come to one's self, to recover one's
senses. -- To come to pass, to happen; to
fall out. -- To come to the scratch. (a)
(Prize Fighting) To step up to the scratch or mark
made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a
contest; hence: (b) To meet an antagonist or a
difficulty bravely. [Colloq.] -- To come
to time. (a) (Prize Fighting) To
come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval
allowed for rest is over and \'bdtime\'b8 is called; hence:
(b) To keep an appointment; to meet
expectations. [Colloq.] -- To come
together. (a) To meet for business, worship,
etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6. (b) To
live together as man and wife. Matt. i. 18. --
To come true, to happen as predicated or
expected. -- To come under, to belong to, as
an individual to a class. -- To come up
(a) to ascend; to rise. (b) To be
brought up; to arise, as a question. (c) To
spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant.
(d) To come into use, as a fashion. -- To
come up the capstan (Naut.), to turn it the
contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it. -- To
come up the tackle fall (Naut.), to slacken
the tackle gently. Totten. -- To come up
to, to rise to; to equal. -- To come up
with, to overtake or reach by pursuit. -- To
come upon. (a) To befall. (b)
To attack or invade. (c) To have a claim
upon; to become dependent upon for support; as, to come
upon the town. (d) To light or chance
upon; to find; as, to come upon hid
treasure.
Come (?), v. t. To carry
through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any
tricks here. [Slang]
To come it, to succeed in a trick of any sort.
[Slang]
Come, n. Coming.
Chaucer.
Co-med"dle (?), v. t. To mix;
to mingle, to temper. [Obs.]
Shak.
Co*me"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F.
com\'82dien.] 1. An actor or
player in comedy. \'bdThe famous comedian,
Roscius.\'b8
Middleton.
2. A writer of comedy.
Milton.
\'d8Co*m\'82`di*enne" (?), n.
[F., fem. of com.] A women who
plays in comedy.
\'d8Co*me`di*et"ta (?), n.
[It.] A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.
\'d8Com"e*do (?), n.; pl.
Comedones (#). [L., a glutton. See
Comestible.] (Med.) A small nodule
or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure
allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily
secretion, with a black head (dirt).
Come"down` (?), n. A downfall;
an humillation. [Colloq.]
Com"e*dy (?), n.; pl.
Comedies (#). [F.
com\'82die, L. comoedia, fr. Gr. home) + Home, and Ode.]
A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and
amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the
manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life;
a play in which mirth predominates and the termination of the
plot is happy; -- opposed to tragedy.
With all the vivacity if comedy.
Macaulay.
Are come to play a pleasant comedy.
Shak.
Come"li*ly (?), adv. In a
suitable or becoming manner. [R.]
Sherwood.
<-- p. 283 -->
Come"li*ness (?), n. [See
Comely.] The quality or state of being
comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair
Of things and actions in fit time and place.
Sir J. Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest
merit.
Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less forcible than
beauty, less elegant than grace, and less light than
prettiness.
Johnson.
Come"ly (?), a.
[Compar. Comelier (?);
superl. Comeliest.] [OE.
comeliche, AS. cyml\'c6c; cyme
suitable (fr. cuman to come, become) +
l\'c6c like.] 1. Pleasing or
agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good-looking;
handsome.
He that is comely when old and decrepit, surely was
very beautiful when he was young.
South.
Not once perceive their foul disfigurement
But boast themselves more comely than before.
Milton.
2. Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable.
This is a happier and more comely time
Than when these fellows ran about the streets,
Crying confusion.
Shak.
It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant;
and praise is comely.
Ps. cxlvii. 1.
Come"ly, adv. In a becoming
manner.
Ascham.
Come-out"er (?), n. One who
comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a
radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]
Com"er (?), n. One who comes,
or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present.
All comers, all who come, or offer, to take
part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy. \'bdTo
prove it against all comers.\'b8
Bp. Stillingfleet.
\'d8Co"mes (?), n. [L., a
companion.] (Mus.) The answer to the theme
(dux) in a fugue.
Com`es*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
comissatio, comessatio.] A
reveling; a rioting. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Co*mes"ti*ble (?), a. [F.
comestible, fr. L. comesus,
comestus, p. p. pf comedere to eat;
com- + edere to eat.] Suitable
to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible.
Sir T. Elyot.
Co*mes"ti*ble, n. Something suitable to
be eaten; -- commonly in the plural.
Thackeray.
Com"et (?), n. [L.
cometes, cometa, from Gr. coma: cf. F. com\'8ate.]
(Astron.) A member of the solar system which
usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the
sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from
it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the
nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of
these parts is frequently wanting. See Illustration in
Appendix.
\'d8Com`e*ta"ri*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Astron.) An instrument,
intended to represent the revolution of a comet round the
sun.
Hutton.
Com"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
com\'82taire.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, a comet.
Cheyne.
{ Com"et-find`er (?), Com"et-seek`er (?) }, n.
(Astron.) A telescope of low power, having a
large field of view, used for finding comets.
Co*met"ic (?), a. Relating to a
comet.
Com`et*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
who describes or writes about comets.
Com`et*og"ra*phy (?), n.
[Comet + -graphy: cf. F.
com\'82tographie.] A description of, or a
treatise concerning, comets.
Com`et*ol"l*gy (?), n.
[Comet + -logy.] The
department of astronomy relating to comets.
Com"fit (?), n. [F.
confit, prop. a p. p., fr. confire to
preserve, pickle, fr. L. conficere to prepare;
con- + facere to make. See Fact,
and cf. Confect.] A dry sweetmeat; any kind
of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried; a
confection.
Com"fit, v. t. To preserve dry with
sugar.
The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . .
Thou comfitest in sweets to make it last.
Cowley.
Com"fi*ture (?; 135), n. [F.
confiture; cf. LL. confecturae sweetmeats,
confectura a preparing. See Comfit, and cf.
Confiture.] See Comfit,
n.
Com"fort (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comforted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comforting.] [F.
conforter, fr. L. confortare to strengthen
much; con- + fortis strong. See
Fort.] 1. To make strong; to
invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
God's own testimony . . . doth not a little comfort
and confirm the same.
Hooker.
2. To assist or help; to aid.
[Obs.]
I . . . can not help the noble chevalier:
God comfort him in this necessity!
Shak.
3. To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to
relieve; to console; to cheer,
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of
men.
Bacon.
That we may be adle to comfort them that are in any
affliction.
2 Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).
A perfect woman, nobly planned,
To warn, to comfort, and command.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage;
enliven; invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate;
refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen. -- To
Comfort, Console, Solace. These verbs all
suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow.
Console in confined to the act giving sympathetic
relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and points to some
definite source of that relief; as, the presence of his friend
consoled him; he was much consoled by this
intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the
inculcation of resignation. Comfort points to relief
afforded by the communication of positive pleasure, hope, and
strength, as well as by the diminution of pain; as, \'bdThey
brought the young man alive, and were not a little
comforted.\'b8
Acts xx. 12.
Solace is from L. solacium, which
means according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied
to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb to solace
denotes the using of things for the purpose of affording relief
under sorrow or suffering; as, to solace one's self
with reflections, with books, or with active employments.
Com"fort (?), n. [OF.
confort, fr. conforter.] 1.
Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the
phrase \'bdaid and comfort.\'b8 See 5 below.]
Shak.
2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble;
also, that which affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears.
Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort.
Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort
availed not.
Longfellow.
3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain,
want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a
condition.
I had much joy and comfort in thy love.
Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ).
He had the means of living in comfort.
Macaulay.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.
[U. S.]
5. (Law) Unlawful support, countenance,
or encouragement; as, to give aid and comfort to the
enemy.
Syn. -- Comfort, Consolation.
Comfort has two meanings: 1. Strength
and relief received under affliction; 2. Positive
enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the
sources thereof; as, the comfort of love; surrounded
with comforts; but it is with the former only that the
word consolation is brought into comparison. As thus
compared, consolation points to some specific source
of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the consolations
of religion. Comfort supposes the relief to be
afforded by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution
of pain. \'bdConsolation, or comfort,
signifies some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our
power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather
an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the
burden.\'b8
Johnson.
Com"fort*a*ble (?), a. [OF.
confortable.] 1. Strong; vigorous;
valiant. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be
comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's end.
Shak.
2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.]
Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and
make much of her.
Shak.
3. Affording or imparting comfort or consolation;
able to comfort; cheering; as, a comfortable
hope. \'bdKind words and comfortable.\'b8
Cowper.
A comfortable provision made for their
subsistence.
Dryden.
4. In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not
suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; as, to lead
a comfortable life.
My lord leans wondrously to discontent;
His comfortable temper has forsook him:
He is much out of health.
Shak.
5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain or
distress; -- used of a sick person. [U. S.]
Com"fort*a*ble, n. A stuffed or quilted
coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort. [U.
S.]
Com"fort*a*ble*ness, n. State of being
comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.
Is. xl. 2.
Com"fort*er (?), n. 1.
One who administers comfort or consolation.
Let no comforter delight mine ear
But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine.
Shak.
2. (Script.) The Holy Spirit, --
reffering to his office of comforting believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom
the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all
things.
John xiv. 26.
3. A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow.
[U. S.]
The American schoolboy takes off his comforter and
unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball fight.
Pop. Sci. Monthly.
4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable.
[U. S.]
Job's comforter, a boil.
[Colloq.]
Com"fort*less, a. Without comfort or
comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through turanny or might.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable;
disconsolate; wretched; miserable.
-- Com"fort*less*ly, adv. --
Com"fort*less*ness, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly costly.
Milton.
Com"fort*ment (?), n. Act or
process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of the
said embassador.
Hakluyt.
Com"fort*ress (?), n. A woman
who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve you.
B. Jonson.
Com"frey (?), n. [Prob. from F.
conferve, L. conferva, fr.
confervere to boil together, in medical language, to
heal, grow together. So called on account of its healing power,
for which reason it was also called consolida.]
(Bot.) A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several
species, of the genus Symphytum.
S. officinale) is used in
cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic \'bdprickly comfrey\'b8
(S. asperrimum) is somewhat cultivated as a forage
plant.
Com"ic (?), a. [L.
comicus pertaining to comedy, Gr. comique. See Comedy.] 1.
Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy.
I can not for the stage a drama lay,
Tragic or comic, but thou writ'st the play.
B. Jonson.
2. Causing mirth; ludicrous.
\'bdComic shows.\'b8
Shak.
Com"ic, n. A comedian.
[Obs.]
Steele.
Com"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Relating to comedy.
They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a
wedding, which hath ever been accounted comical.
Gay.
2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a
comical story. \'bdComical
adventures.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Humorous; laughable; funny. See
Droll.
-- Com"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Com"ic*al"ness, n.
Com`i*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comicalities (#). The quality of
being comical; something comical.
Com"ic*ry (?), n. The power of
exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.]
H. Giles.
Com"ing (?), a. 1.
Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the
next; as, the coming week or year; the
coming exhibition.
Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest.
Pope.
Your coming days and years.
Byron.
2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond.
[Obs.]
Pope.
Com"ing, n. 1. Approach;
advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the
train.
2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ.
Coming in. (a) Entrance;
entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. \'bdThe goings
out thereof, and the comings in thereof.\'b8
Ezek. xliii. 11
(b) Income or revenue. \'bdWhat are thy
comings in?\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Co*mi"ti*a (?), n.,
pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A
public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or
passing laws.
comitia:
comitia curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who
voted in curi\'91; comitia centuriata, or assembly of
the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia
tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their
division into tribes.
Co*mi"tial (?), a. [L.
comitialis.] Relating to the comitia, or
popular assembles of the Romans for electing officers and passing
laws.
Middleton.
Com"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Comities (#). [L.
comitas, fr. comis courteous, kind.]
Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals;
friendly equals; friendly civility; as, comity of
manners; the comity of States.
Comity of nations (International Law),
the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own
territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of
another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its
citizens in their own land. By some authorities private
international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is
that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is
obligatory as law.
Syn. -- Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.
Com"ma (?), n. [L.
comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. Capon.] 1. A
character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a
sentence, written or printed.
2. (Mus.) A small interval (the
difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used
except by tuners.
Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a
variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines
of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as
having a special relation to the disease; -- called also
cholera bacillus. -- Comma
butterfly (Zo\'94l.), an American butterfly
(Grapta comma), having a white comma-shaped marking on
the under side of the wings.
Com*mand" (?; 61), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commanding.] [OE.
comaunden, commanden, OF.
comander, F. commander, fr. L.
com- + mandare to commit to, to command.
Cf. Commend, Mandate.] 1.
To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct;
to bid; to charge.
We are commanded to forgive our enemies, but you
never read that we are commanded to forgive our
friends.
Bacon.
Go to your mistress:
Say, I command her come to me.
Shak.
2. To exercise direct authority over; to have
control of; to have at one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English auxiliaries.
Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall command.
Shak.
3. To have within a sphere of control, influence,
access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to
overlook.
Bridges commanded by a fortified house.
Motley.
Up to the eastern tower,
Whose height commands as subject all the vale.
Shak.
One side commands a view of the finest garden.
Addison.
4. To have power or influence of the nature of
authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a
due; to challenge; to claim; as, justice commands
the respect and affections of the people; the best goods
command the best price.
'Tis not in mortals to command success.
Addison.
5. To direct to come; to bestow.
[Obs.]
I will command my blessing upon you.
Lev. xxv. 21.
Syn. -- To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern;
rule; overlook.
Com*mand", v. i. 1. To have or
to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to influence;
to give an order or orders.
And reigned, commanding in his monarchy.
Shak.
For the king had so commanded concerning
[Haman].
Esth. iii. 2.
2. To have a view, as from a superior
position.
Far and wide his eye commands.
Milton.
Com*mand", n. 1. An
authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an
injunction.
A waiting what command their mighty chief
Had to impose.
Milton.
2. The possession or exercise of authority.
Command and force may often create, but can never
cure, an aversion.
Locke.
3. Authority; power or right of control;
leadership; as, the forces under his
command.
4. Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means
of position; scope of vision; survey.
Te steepy stand
Which overlooks the vale with wide command.
Dryden.
5. Control; power over something; sway; influence;
as, to have command over one's temper or voice; the
fort has command of the bridge.
He assumed an absolute command over his
readers.
Druden.
6. A body of troops, or any naval or military force
or post, or the whole territory under the authority or control of
a particular officer.
<-- p. 284 -->
Word of command (Mil.), a word or
phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the
movements of soldiers; as, aim; fire;
shoulder arms, etc.
Syn. -- Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion;
sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See
Direction.
Com*mand"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being commanded.
Com`man*dant" (?), n. [F.,
orig. p. pr. of commander.] A commander;
the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; as,
the commandant of a navy-yard.
Com*mand"a*to*ry (?), a.
Mandatory; as, commandatory
authority. [Obs.]
Com*mand"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
commandeur. Cf. Commodore,
Commender.] 1. A chief; one who has
supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of
any division of it.
A leader and commander to the people.
Is. lv. 4.
2. (Navy) An officer who ranks next
below a captain, -- ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the
army.
3. The chief officer of a commandery.
4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving,
in sail lofts, etc.
Commander in chief, the military title of the
officer who has supreme command of the land or naval forces or
the united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The
President is commander in chief of the army and navy of
the United States.
Syn. -- See Chief.
Com*mand"er*ship, n. The office of a
commander.
Com*mand"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Commanderies (#). [F.
commanderie.] 1. The office or
rank of a commander. [Obs.]
2. A district or a manor with lands and tenements
appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order
of knights who was called a commander; -- called also
a preceptory.
3. An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so
called) among the Freemasons. [U. S.]
4. A district under the administration of a
military commander or governor. [R.]
Brougham.
Com*mand"ing, a. 1. Exercising
authority; actually in command; as, a commanding
officer.
2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a
commanding look or presence.
3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic
advantages; as, a commanding position.
Syn. -- Authoritative; imperative; imperious.
Com*mand"ing*ly, adv. In a commanding
manner.
Com*mand"ment (?), n. [OF.
commandement, F. commandement.]
1. An order or injunction given by authority; a
command; a charge; a precept; a mandate.
A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one
another.
John xiii. 34.
2. (Script.) One of the ten laws or
precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.
3. The act of commanding; exercise of
authority.
And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern commandment.
Shak.
4. (Law) The offense of commanding or
inducing another to violate the law.
The Commandments, The Ten
Commandments, the Decalogue, or summary of God's
commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (Ex.
xx.)
Com*mand"ress (?), n. A woman
invested with authority to command.
Hooker.
Com*mand"ry (?), n. See
Commandery.
Com"mark` (?), n. [Of.
comarque, or LL. commarca,
commarcha; com- + marcha,
boundary. See March a confine.] The frontier
of a country; confines. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Com`ma*te"ri*al (?), a.
Consisting of the same material. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*mat"ic (?), a. [L.
commaticus, Gr. Comma.]
Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.
Com"ma*tism (?), n. [See
Commatic.] Conciseness in writing.
Bp. Horsley.
Com*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Cf.
Commensurable.] Having the same measure;
commensurate; proportional.
She being now removed by death, a commeasurable
grief took as full possession of him as joy had one.
I. Walton.
Com*meas"ure (?), v. t. To be
commensurate with; to equal.
Tennyson.
Com*mem"o*ra"ble (?), a. [L.
commemorabilis.] Worthy to be
commemorated.
Com*mem"o*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commemorated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commemorating.]
[L. commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare
to remember; com- + memorare to mention,
fr. memor mindful. See Memory.] To
call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to celebrate
with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some
act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the remembrance
of the person or event; as, to commemorate the
sufferings and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper; to commemorate the Declaration of
Independence by the observance of the Fourth of July.
We are called upon to commemorate a revolution.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- See Celebrate.
Com*mem`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
commemoratio.] 1. The act of
commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the
memory of some person or event.
This sacrament was designed to be a standing
commemoration of the death and passion of our
Lord.
Abp. Tillotson.
The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of
murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal
commemoration.
Burke.
2. Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a
memorial.
Commemoration day, at the University of
Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the
benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are
conferred.
Com*mem"o*ra*tive (?), a.
Tending or intended to commemorate. \'bdA sacrifice
commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for
us.\'b8
Hammond.
An inscription commemorative of his victory.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Com*mem"o*ra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who commemorates.
Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry (?), a.
Serving to commemorate; commomerative.
Bp. Hooper.
Com*mence" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commenced
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Commencing.] [F. commencer,
OF. commencier, fr. L. com- +
initiare to begin. See Initiate.]
1. To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to
start; to begin.
Here the anthem doth commence.
Shak.
His heaven commences ere the world be past.
Goldsmith.
2. To begin to be, or to act as.
[Archaic]
We commence judges ourselves.
Coleridge.
3. To take a degree at a university.
[Eng.]
I question whether the formality of commencing was
used in that age.
Fuller.
Com*mence", v. t. To enter upon; to
begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit.
Shak.
to) after
commence; as, he commenced studying, not he
commenced to study.
Com*mence"ment (?), n. [F.
comencement.] 1. The first
existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin;
beginnig; start.
The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the
commencement of what is termed \'bdmodern
history.\'b8
2. The day when degrees are conferred by colleges
and universities upon students and others.
Com*mend" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commending.] [L.
commendare; com- + mandare to
intrust to one's charge, enjoin, command. Cf. Command,
Mandate.] 1. To commit, intrust, or
give in charge for care or preservation.
His eye commends the leading to his hand.
Shak.
Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.
Luke xxiii. 46.
2. To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard;
to present as worthy of notice or favorable attention.
Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially
commend themselves to our contemplation.
Sir M. Hale.
I commend unto you Phebe our sister.
Rom. xvi. 1.
3. To mention with approbation; to praise; as,
to commend a person or an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping when he
read the actions of Achilles.
Dryden.
4. To mention by way of courtesy, implying
remembrance and good will. [Archaic]
Commend me to my brother.
Shak.
Com*mend", n. 1. Commendation;
praise. [Obs.]
Speak in his just commend.
Shak.
2. pl. Compliments; greetings.
[Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to you.
Howell.
Com*mend"a*ble (?), a.
(Formerly accented on the first syllable.) [L.
commendabilis.] Worthy of being commended
or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely
but commendable.
Bacon.
-- Com*mend"a*ble*ness, n. --
Com*mend"a*bly, adv.
Com*men"dam (?), n. [LL. dare
in commendam to give into trust.] (Eng.
Eccl. Law) A vacant living or benefice commended to a
cleric (usually a bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor
was provided. A living so held was said to be held in
commendam. The practice was abolished by law in 1836.
There was [formerly] some sense for commendams.
Selden.
Partnership in commendam. See under
Partnership.
Com*mend"a*ta*ry (?), n. [Cf.
F. commendataire, LL.
commendatarius.] One who holds a living
in commendam.
Com`men*da"tion (?), n. [L.
commendatio.] 1. The act of
commending; praise; favorable representation in words;
recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendatiom?
2 Cor. iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great officers.
Bacon.
2. That which is the ground of approbation or
praise.
Good nature is the most godlike commendation of a
man.
Dryden.
3. pl. A message of affection or
respect; compliments; greeting. [Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret;
No princely commendations to my king?
Shak.
Com*mend"a*tor (? , n.
[LL.] One who holds a benefice in commendam; a
commendatary.
Chalmers.
Com*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
commendatorius.] 1. Serving to
commend; containing praise or commendation; commending;
praising. \'bdCommendatory verses.\'b8
Pope.
2. Holding a benefice in commendam;
as, a commendatory bishop.
Burke.
Commendatory prayer (Book of Common
Prayer), a prayer read over the dying. \'bdThe
commendatory prayer was said for him, and, as it ended,
he [William III.] died.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
Com*mend"a*to*ry, n. A commendation;
eulogy. [R.] \'bdCommendatories to
our affection.\'b8
Sharp.
Com*mend"er (?), n. One who
commends or praises.
Com*men"sal (?), n. [LL.
commensalis; L. com- + mensa
table: cf. F. commensal. Cf. Mensal.]
1. One who eats at the same table.
[Obs.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal, not truly
parasitic, which lives in with, or on, another, partaking usually
of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the
association.
Com*men"sal (?), a. Having the
character of a commensal.
Com*men"sal*ism (?), n. The act
of eating together; table fellowship.
Com`men*sal"i*ty (?), n.
Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the
same table. [Obs.] \'bdPromiscuous
commensality.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Com`men*sa"tion (?), n.
Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan commensation.
Sir T. Browne.
Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. commensurabilite.] The quality
of being commersurable.
Sir T. Browne.
Com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [L.
commensurabilis; pref. com- +
mensurable. See Commensurate, and cf.
Commeasurable.] Having a common measure;
capable of being exactly measured by the same number, quantity,
or measure. -- Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness,
n.
Commensurable numbers quantities (Math.), those that
can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and
yard are commensurable, since both can be expressed in
terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches.
-- Numbers, Quantities,
commensurable in power, those whose squares
are commensurable.
Com*men"su*ra*bly (?), adv. In
a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.
Com*men"su*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commensurated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commensurating.]
[Pref. com- + mensurate.]
1. To reduce to a common measure.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To proportionate; to adjust.
T. Puller
Com*men"su*rate (?), a. 1.
Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a
common measure; as, commensurate
quantities.
2. Equal in measure or extent; proportionate.
Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can
not choose but aspire after a hapiness commensurate to
their duration.
Tillotson.
Com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. 1. In
a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate;
adequately.
2. With equal measure or extent.
Goodwin.
Com*men"su*rate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being commensurate.
Foster.
Com*men`su*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. commensuration.] The act of
commensurating; the state of being commensurate.
All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or
proportion of one thing to another.
South.
Com"ment (?; 277), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commenting.] [F.
commenter, L. commentary to meditate upon,
explain, v. intens, of comminisci,
commentus, to reflect upon, invent; com- +
the root of meminisse to remember, mens
mind. See Mind.] To make remarks,
observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the
works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to
explain particular passages; to write annotations; -- often
followed by on or upon.
A physician to comment on your malady.
Shak.
Critics . . . proceed to comment on him.
Dryden.
I must translate and comment.
Pope.
Com"ment, v. t. To comment on.
[Archaic.]
Fuller.
Com"ment, n. [Cf. OF.
comment.] 1. A remark,
observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk.
Their lavish comment when her name was named.
Tennyson.
2. A note or observation intended to explain,
illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.;
explanation; annotation; exposition.
All the volumes of philosophy,
With all their comments.
Prior.
Com"men*ta*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commentaries (#). [L.
commentarius, commentarium, note book,
commentary: cf. F. commentaire. See Comment,
v. i.] 1. A series of comments or
annotations; esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the
whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some other work.
This letter . . . was published by him with a severe
commentary.
Hallam.
2. A brief account of transactions or events
written hastily, as if for a memorandum; -- usually in the
plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic
War.
Com"men*tate (?), v. t. & i.
[L. commentatus, p. p. of commentari
to meditate.] To write comments or notes upon; to make
comments. [R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it enriched.
Lamb.
Com`men*ta"tion (?), n. 1.
The act or process of commenting or criticising;
exposition. [R.]
The spirit of commentation.
Whewell.
2. The result of the labors of a commentator.
Com"men*ta`tor (?), n. [L.
commentator: cf. F. commentateur.]
One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to explain,
to enforce, to illustrate doctrines claimed as true.
Whewell.
Com`men*ta*to"ri*al (? , a.
Pertaining to the making of commentaries.
Whewell.
Com"men*ta`tor*ship (?), n. The
office or occupation of a commentator.
Com"ment`er (?), n. One who
makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.
Com`men*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
commentitius.] Fictitious or imaginary;
unreal; as, a commentitious system of
religion. [Obs.]
Warburton.
Com"merce (?), n. (Formerly
accented on the second syllable.) [F.
commerce, L. commercium; com- +
merx, mercis, merchadise. See
Merchant.] 1. The exchange or buying
and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on
a large scale, between different places or communities; extended
trade or traffic.
The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and
extensive commerce of private men.
Hume.
2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person
or class in society with another; familiarity.
Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce
with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser.
Macaulay.
3. Sexual intercourse.
W. Montagu.
4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are
subject to exchange, barter, or trade.
Hoyle.
Chamber of commerce. See
Chamber.
Syn. -- Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange;
communion; communication.
Com*merce" (? , v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Commerced
(#); p>. pr. & vb. n.
Commercing.] [Cf. F.
commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.]
1. To carry on trade; to traffic.
[Obs.]
Beware you commerce not with bankrupts.
B. Jonson.
2. To hold intercourse; to commune.
Milton.
Commercing with himself.
Tennyson.
Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to
commerce with heaven.
Prof. Wilson.
Com*mer"cial (?), a. [Cf. F.
commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce;
carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile;
as, commercial advantages; commercial
relations. \'bdPrincely commercial
houses.\'b8
Macaulay.
Commercial college, a school for giving
instruction in commercial knowledge and business. --
Commercial law. See under Law. --
Commercial note paper, a small size of writing
paper, usually about 5 by 7\'ab or 8 inches. --
Commercial paper, negotiable paper given in due
course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory
notes, bank cheks, etc. -- Commercial traveler,
an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town
to solicit orders.
Syn. -- See Mercantile.
Com*mer"cial*ism (?), n. The
commercial spirit or method.
C. Kingsley.
Com*mer"cial*ly, adv. In a commercial
manner.
Com"mi*grate (?), v. i. [L.
commigrare, commigratum.] To
migrate together. [R.]
Com`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [L.
commigratio.] Migration together.
[R.]
Woodward.
Com`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L.
comminatio, from comminary to threaten;
com- + minari to threaten: cf. F.
commination.] 1. A threat or
threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance.
With terrible comminations to all them that did
resist.
I. Taylor.
2. An office in the liturgy of the Church of
England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's
anger and judgments against sinners.
Com*min"a*to"ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
comminatoire.] Threatening or denouncing
punishment; as, comminatory terms.
B. Jonson.
Com*min"gle (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commingled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Commingling
(?).] To mingle together; to mix in one
mass, or intimately; to blend.
Bacon.
Com"mi*nute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Comminuted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Comminuting.] [L.
comminutus, p. p. of comminuere to
comminute; com- + minuere to lessen. See
Minute.] To reduce to minute particles, or to
a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate; to grind; as, to
comminute chalk or bones; to comminute food
with the teeth.
Pennant.
Comminuted fracture. See under
Fracture.
Com`mi*nu"tion (?), n. 1.
The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles;
pulverization; the state of being comminuted.
Bentley.
2. (Surg.) Fracture (of a bone) into a
number of pieces.
Dunglison.
3. Gradual diminution by the removal of small
particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away.
Natural and necessary comminution of our lives.
Johnson.
Com*mis"er*a*ble (?), a.
Pitiable. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Com*mis"er*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commiserated;
p. pr. & vb. n. Commiserating.]
[L. commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari
to commiserate; com- + miserari to pity.
See Miserable.] To feel sorrow, pain, or
regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight
Of age, disease, or want, commiserate.
Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual ignorance.
Locke.
Syn. -- To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.
Com*mis`er*a"tion (?), n. [F.
commis, fr. L. commiseratio a part
of an oration intended to exite compassion.] The act
of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or
distresses of another; pity; compassion.
And pluck commiseration of his state
From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Sympathy.
Com*mis"er*a*tive (?), a.
Feeling or expressing commiseration.
Todd.
Com*mis"er*a`tor (?), n. One
who pities.
Com`mis*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a commissary.
Com`mis*sa"ri*at (?; 277), n.
[F. commissariat.] (Mil.)
(a) The organized system by which armies and
military posts are supplied with food and daily
necessaries. (b) The body of officers charged
with such service.
Com"mis*sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Commissaries (#). [LL.
commissarius, fr. L. commissus, p. p. of
committere to commit, intrust to. See
Commit.] 1. One to whom is committed
some charge, duty, or office, by a superior power; a
commissioner.
Great Destiny, the Commissary of God.
Donne.
2. (Eccl.) An officer on the bishop, who
exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at
a distance from the residence of the bishop.
Ayliffe.
3. (Mil.) (a) An officer having
charge of a special sevice; as, the commissary of
musters. (b) An officer whose business
is to provide food for a body of troops or a military post; --
officially called commissary of subsistence.
[U. S.]
Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the
appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a
commissary of musters, and a commissary of
artillery.
W. Irving
Commissary general, an officer in charge of
some special department of army service; as: (a)
The officer in charge of the commissariat and transport
department, or of the ordinace store department.
[Eng.] (b) The commissary general of
subsistence. [U. S.] -- Commissary general
of subsistence (Mil. U. S.), the head of the
subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase and issue
of provisions for the army.
Com"mis*sa*ry*ship (?), n. The
office or employment of a commissary.
Ayliffe.
Com*mis"sion (?), n. [F., fr.
L. commissio. See Commit.] 1.
The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of
perpetrating.
Every commission of sin introduces into the soul a
certain degree of hardness.
South.
2. The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as
to how a trust shall be executed.
3. The duty or employment intrusted to any person
or persons; a trust; a charge.
4. A formal written warrant or authority, granting
certain powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the
performance of certain duties.
Let him see our commission.
Shak.
5. A certificate conferring military or naval rank
and authority; as, a colonel's
commission.
6. A company of persons joined in the performance
of some duty or the execution of some trust; as, the
interstate commerce commission.
A commission was at once appointed to examine into
the matter.
Prescott.
7. (Com.) (a) The acting under
authority of, or on account of, another. (b)
The thing to be done as agent for another; as, I have
three commissions for the city. (c)
The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for
transacting business for another; as, a commission
of ten per cent on sales. See Del credere.
Commission of array. (Eng. Hist.)
See under Array. -- Commission of
bankrupty, a commission apointing and empowering
certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged
bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the
creditors. -- Commission of lunacy, a
commission authoring and inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or
not. -- Commission merchant, one who buys or
sells goods on commission, as the agent of others, receiving a
rate per cent as his compensation. --
Commission, Commissioned,
officer (Mil.), one who has a
commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant
officer. -- Commission of the peace, a
commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons
justices of the peace. [Eng.] -- To put a
vessel into commission (Naut.), to equip and
man a goverment vessel, and send it out on service after it has
been laid up; esp., the formal act of tacking command of a vessel
for service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc. --
To put a vessel out of commission (Naut.),
to detach the officers and crew and retire it from active
service, temporarily or permanently. -- To put
the great seal, the Treasury, into
commission, to place it in the hands of a
commissioner or commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary
administration, as between the going out of one lord keeper and
accession of another. [Eng.] -- The United
States Christians Commission, an organization among the
people of the North, during the Civil War, which afforded
material comforts to the Union soldiers, and performed services
of a religious character in the field and in hospitals. --
The United States Sanitary Commission, an
organization formed by the people of the North to co\'94perate
with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies
during the Civil War.
Syn. -- Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust;
employment.
Com*mis"sion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commissioned
(?); p. pr & vb. n.
Commissioning.] 1. To give a
commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower or
authorize; as, to commission persons to perform
certain acts; to commission an officer.
2. To send out with a charge or commission.
A chosen band
He first commissions to the Latian land.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate;
constitute; ordain.
{ Com*mis"sion*al (?),
Com*mis"sion*a*ry (?) } a.
Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by
a commission or warrant. [R.]
Delegate or commissionary authority.
Bp. Hall.
Com*mis"sion*ate (?), v. t. To
commission [Obs.]
Com*mis"sion*er (?), n. 1.
A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some
office, or execute some bussiness, for the goverment,
corporation, or person employing him; as, a
commissioner to take affidavits or to adjust
claims.
To another adress which requisted that a commission might be
sent to examine into the state of things in Ireland, William
returned a gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the
commissioners.
Macaulay.
2. An officer having charge of some department or
bureau of the public service.
Herbert was first commissioner of the
Admiralty.
Macaulay.
The commissioner of patents, the
commissioner of the land office, the
commissioner of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of
the secretary of the interior.
Bartlett.
Commissioner of deeds, an officer having
authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of
deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed.
[U. S.] -- County commissioners,
certain administrative officers in some of the States,
invested by local laws with various powers in reference to the
roads, courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county.
[U. S.]
\'d8Com*mis`sion*naire" (?; F. ?),
n. [F., fr. L. commissio.]
1. An agent or factor; a commission merchant.
2. One of a class of attendants, in some European
cities, who perform miscellaneous services for travelers.
Com*mis"sion*ship (?), n. The
office of commissioner.
Sir W. Scott.
Com*mis"sive (?), a. Relating
to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission.
[R.]
Com*mis"su*ral (? , a.
Of or pertaining to a commissure.
Com*mis"sure (? , n.
[L. commissura a joing together: cf. F.
commissure. See Commit.] 1.
A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or
parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or
juncture.
2. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) (a) The
point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips or
eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc. (b) A
collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal
marrow; a chiasma.
3. (Bot.) The line of junction or
cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway,
etc.
Com*mit" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Commited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Commiting.] [L.
committere, commissum, to connect, commit;
com- + mittere to send. See
Mission.] 1. To give in trust; to
put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; -- used with
to, unto.
Commit thy way unto the Lord.
Ps. xxxvii. 5.
Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave.
Shak.
2. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison.
These two were commited.
Clarendon.
3. To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or
fault.
Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Ex. xx. 14.
4. To join a contest; to match; -- followed by
with. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
5. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or
endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; -- often used
reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a certain
course.
You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship,
without commiting the honor of your sovereign.
Junius.
Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be
considered as committing the faith of the United
States.
Marshall.
6. To confound. [An obsolete
Latinism.]
Committing short and long [quantities].
Milton.
To commit a bill (Legislation), to
refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered
and reported. -- To commit to memory, To commit, to learn by heart; to
memorize.
Syn. -- To Commit, Intrust,
Consign. These words have in common the
idea of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of
another. Commit is the widest term, and may express
only the general idea of delivering into the charge of another;
as, to commit a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or
it may have the special sense of intrusting with or without
limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or
of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to
prison. To intrust denotes the act of committing to
the exercise of confidence or trust; as, to intrust a
friend with the care of a child, or with a secret. To
consign is a more formal act, and regards the thing
transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate
control; as, to consign a pupil to the charge of his
instructor; to consign goods to an agent for sale; to
consign a work to the press.
Com"mit, v. i. To sin; esp., to be
incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse.
Shak.
Com*mit"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or
trust; consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison.
They were glad to compound for his bare commitment
to the Tower, whence he was within few days enlarged.
Clarendon.
2. A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a
person; -- more frequently termed a mittimus.
3. The act of referring or intrusting to a
committee for consideration and report; as, the
commitment of a petition or a bill.
4. A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a
crime or blunder; commission.
5. The act of pledging or engaging; the act of
exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being
pledged or engaged.
Hamilton.
Com*mit"ta*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed.
Com*mit"tal (?), n. The act of
commiting, or the state of being committed; commitment.
Com*mit"tee (?), n. [Cf. OF.
comit\'82 company, and LL. comitatus
jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The
word was apparently influenced by the verb commit, but
not directly formed from it. Cf. County.] One
or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or
bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a
court, or by any collective body of men acting together.
Commitee of the whole [house], a
committee, embracing all the members present, into which a
legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for
the purpose of considering a particular measure under the
operation of different rules from those governing the general
legislative proceedings. The committee of the whole has
its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of
recommendations. -- Standing committee. See
under Standing.
<-- p. 286 -->
Com`mit*tee" (?), n. [From
Commit, v. t.] (Law)
One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another,
as of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a
guardian.
Com*mit"tee*man (?), n. A
member of a committee.
Com*mit"ter (?), n. 1.
One who commits; one who does or perpetrates.
South.
2. A fornicator. [Obs.]
T. Decker.
Com*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable
of being committed; liable to be committed.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Com*mix" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Commixed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Commixing.] [Pref. com+ +
mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p.of
commiscere. See Mix.] To mix or
mingle together; to blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors do stir
up and beget a sensation of white.
Sir I. Newton.
To commix
With winds that sailors rail at.
Shak.
Com*mix"ion (?), n. [See
Commix.] Commixture.
Shak.
Com*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
commixtio.] Commixture; mingling.
[R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients.
Boyle.
Com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
commixtura.] 1. The act or process
of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of
ingredients in one mass or compound.
In the commixture of anything that is more oily or
sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy.
Bacon.
2. The mass formed by mingling different things; a
compound; a mixture.
Bacon.
Com"mo*date (?), n. [L.
commodatum thing lent, loan.] (Scots
Law) A gratuitous loan.
Com*mode" (?), n. [F.
commode, fr. commode convenient, L.
commodus; com- + modus measure,
mode. See Mode.] 1. A kind of
headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part
of the cap to a great height.
Or under high commodes, with looks erect.
Granville.
2. A piece of furniture, so named according to
temporary fashion; as: (a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau.
(b) A night stand with a compartment for holding a
chamber vessel. (c) A kind of close stool. (d)
A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.
Com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [LL.
commodiosus, fr. L. commodum convenience,
fr. commodus. See Commode.]
Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities;
serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable;
as, a commodious house. \'bdA
commodious drab.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdCommodious gold.\'b8 Pope.
The haven was not commodious to winter in.
Acts. xxvii. 12.
Syn. -- Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous;
serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.
Com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. In a commodious
manner.
To pass commodiously this life.
Milton.
Com*mo"di*ous*ness, n. State of being
commodious; suitableness for its purpose; convience;
roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the
commodiousness of their situation.
Sir W. Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor.
Johnson.
Com*mod"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Commodities (#). [F.
commodit, fr. L. commoditas. See
Commode.] 1. Convenience;
accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest;
commodiousness. [Obs.]
Drawn by the commodity of a footpath.
B. Jonson.
Men may seek their own commodity, yet if this were
done with injury to others, it was not to be suffered.
Hooker.
2. That which affords convenience, advantage, or
profit, especially in commerce, including everything movable that
is bought and sold (except animals), -- goods, wares,
merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.
3. A parcel or quantity of goods.
[Obs.]
A commodity of brown paper and old ginger.
Shak.
Com"mo*dore` (?), n. [Prob. a
corruption of commander, or Sp. comendador
a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also a
superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. commendare to
command. Cf. Commend, Command,
Commander.] 1. (U. S. Navy)
An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by
courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore
corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.
2. (Brititsh Navy) A captain commanding
a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the temporary
rank of rear admiral.
3. A title given courtesy to the senior captain of
a line of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a
yachting or rowing club.
4. A familiar for the flagchip, or for the
principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.
Com"mon (?), a.
[Compar. Commoner (?);
superl. Commonest.] [OE.
commun, comon, OF. comun, F.
commun, fr. L. communis; com- +
munis ready to be of service; cf. Skr. mi
to make fast, set up, build, Coth. gamains common, G.
gemein, and E. mean low, common. Cf.
Immunity, Commune, n. &
v.] 1. Belonging or relating
equally, or similary, to more than one; as, you and I have a
common interest in the property.
Though life and sense be common to men and
brutes.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving,
all the members of a class, consired together; general; public;
as, propertis common to all plants; the
common schools; the Book of Common
Prayer.
Such actions as the common good requereth.
Hocker.
The common enemy of man.
Shak.
3. Often met with; usual; frequent;
customary.
Grief more than common grief.
Shak.
4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous;
ordinary; plebeian; -- often in a depreciatory sense.
The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common
life.
W. Irving.
This fact was infamous
And ill beseeming any common man,
Much more a knight, a captain and a leader.
Shak.
Above the vulgar flight of common souls.
A. Murpphy.
5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.]
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou
common.
Acts x. 15.
6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute.
A dame who herself was common.
L'Estrange.
Common bar (Law) Same as Blank
bar, under Blank. -- Common
barrator (Law), one who makes a business of
instigating litigation. -- Common Bench, a
name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas.
-- Common brawler (Law), one addicted
to public brawling and quarreling. See Brawler. --
Common carrier (Law), one who
undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire.
Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has
accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is
liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those
which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies
of the country, or of the owner of the property himself. --
Common chord (Mus.), a chord consisting
of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth. --
Common council, the representative (legislative)
body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city
or other munisipal corporation. -- Common crier,
the crier of a town or city. -- Common
divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that
divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a
common measure. -- Common gender
(Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be
of either the masculine or the feminine gender. --
Common law, a system of jurisprudence developing
under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and
reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by
statute, but